Neuroimmune signaling: a key component of alcohol abuse
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Molecular and behavioral studies corroborate a pivotal role for the innate immune system in mediating the acute and chronic effects of alcohol and support a neuroimmune hypothesis of alcohol addiction. Changes in expression of neuroimmune genes and microglial transcripts occur in postmortem brain from alcoholics and animals exposed to alcohol, and null mutant animals lacking certain innate immune genes show decreased alcohol-mediated responses. Many of the differentially expressed genes are part of the toll like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway and culminate in an increased expression of pro-inflammatory immune genes. Compounds known to inhibit inflammation, microglial activation, and neuroimmune gene expression have shown promising results in reducing alcohol-mediated behaviors in animal models, indicating that neuroimmune signaling pathways offer unexplored targets in the treatment of alcohol abuse.
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Transcriptomes from complex tissues such as human brain may be organized into networks of co-expressed genes that better reflect the biological functions and organization of the tissue.
“Transcriptomes from complex tissues, such as human brain, may be organized into networks of co-expressed genes that better reflect the biological functions and organization of the tissue7–14.”
From Analysis of whole genome-transcriptomic organization in brain to identify genes associated with alcoholism (2019) · cites this paper as [12]
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- Authors
- Mayfield, J., Ferguson, L., & Harris, R. A.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Austin (US)
- Corresponding author
- Harris, R Adron
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Neurobiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-08
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 513-520
- ISSN
- 0959-4388 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3694992
- OpenAlex
- W2091007197
- Cited by
- 193
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 1.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Neurobiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (P01AA020683, U01AA013520, R01AA012404)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Keywords
- neuroimmune signaling, alcohol abuse, alcoholism, innate immune system, microglial activation, Toll-like receptor signaling, pro-inflammatory genes, anti-inflammatory agents, treatment goals
- MeSH terms
- Alcoholism, Alcohols, Animals, Brain, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Signal Transduction, Toll-Like Receptors
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