The pleiotropic roles of autophagy in Alzheimer’s disease: From pathophysiology to therapy
Open accessAbstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway and the main clearance route of many toxic protein aggregates. The molecular pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) manifests in the form of protein aggregates-extracellular amyloid-β depositions and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles. Perturbations at different steps of the autophagy pathway observed in cellular and animal models of AD might contribute to amyloid-β and tau accumulation. Increased levels of autophagosomes detected in patients' brains suggest an alteration of autophagy in human disease. Autophagy is also involved in the fine-tuning of inflammation, which increases in the early stages of AD and possibly drives its pathogenesis. Mounting evidence of a causal link between impaired autophagy and AD pathology uncovers an exciting opportunity for the development of autophagy-based therapeutics.
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In a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, treatment with interferon gamma enhances microglial clearance of amyloid beta.
“In a mouse model of AD, treatment of interferon gamma enhances microglial clearance of Aβ [29].”
From Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants for Alzheimer’s Disease: Preclinical to Clinical Trial Insights (2023) · cites this paper as [29]
Studies indicate that the increase in amyloid beta triggers tau pathology followed by neuronal death and, eventually, Alzheimer's disease.
“Interestingly, the studies indicate that the increase in Aβ triggers tau pathology followed by neuronal death and, eventually, the disease [29].”
From Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants for Alzheimer’s Disease: Preclinical to Clinical Trial Insights (2023) · cites this paper as [29]
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Yadav, E., Mandal, A. K., Sah, A. K., Poudel, S., Pathak, P., Khalilullah, H., Jaremko, M., Emwas, A.-H. M., Yadav, P. S., & Verma, A. (2024) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/0118715273298025240905130205 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Gene-Exercise Interactions in Amyloid Metabolism and Clearance: Implications for Alzheimer’s Disease
Astorino, M. F., Cipriano, G. L., Anchesi, I., Lui, M., Raffaele, I., Calabrò, M., & Crisafulli, C. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26199816
Transsynaptic complex dysfunction in the hippocampus of Alzheimer’s disease patients
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Targeting Neurodegeneration With Naringenin: Mechanistic Perspectives and Therapeutic Implications
Gurung, N., Bohara, G., Rimal, N., & Choi, D. (2026) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.70584
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Corrales, N., Vallejo-Bedia, F., Olivares-Raya, I., Ávila, J., & García‐Escudero, V. (2026) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app16199488
- Authors
- Festa, B. P., Barbosa, A. D., Rob, M., & Rubinsztein, D. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Rubinsztein, David C.
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-10
- Volume
- 60
- Pages
- 149-157
- ISSN
- 1471-4892 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8519395
- OpenAlex
- W3194364132
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 0.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Pharmacology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) (submittedVersion)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Apollo
- Funders
- National Institute for Health Research
- UK Dementia Research Institute
- Alzheimer's Society
- European Commission
- Alzheimer’s Research UK
- Merck Sharp and Dohme
- Medical Research Council
- Fondation Roger de Spoelberch
- Horizon 2020 (860035)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- autophagy, Alzheimer's disease, amyloid-beta, neurofibrillary tangles, protein aggregate clearance, autophagosomes, neuroinflammation, lysosomal degradation
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Autophagy, Brain, Humans, Lysosomes, Amyloid beta-Peptides
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