Meditation and yoga for posttraumatic stress disorder: a meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials
Open accessAbstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic and debilitating disorder that affects the lives of 7-8% of adults in the U.S. Although several interventions demonstrate clinical effectiveness for treating PTSD, many patients continue to have residual symptoms and ask for a variety of treatment options. Complementary health approaches, such as meditation and yoga, hold promise for treating symptoms of PTSD. This meta-analysis evaluates the effect size (ES) of yoga and meditation on PTSD outcomes in adult patients. We also examined whether the intervention type, PTSD outcome measure, study population, sample size, or control condition moderated the effects of complementary approaches on PTSD outcomes. The studies included were 19 randomized control trials with data on 1173 participants. A random effects model yielded a statistically significant ES in the small to medium range (ES=-0.39, p<0.001, 95% CI [-0.57, -0.22]). There were no appreciable differences between intervention types, study population, outcome measures, or control condition. There was, however, a marginally significant higher ES for sample size≤30 (ES=-0.78, k=5). These findings suggest that meditation and yoga are promising complementary approaches in the treatment of PTSD among adults and warrant further study.
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Existing pairwise meta-analyses have demonstrated MBE to be an efficient adjuvant therapy in the improvement of PTSD-related symptoms, with effect sizes ranging from −0.41 to −0.39.
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- Authors
- Gallegos, A. M., Crean, H. F., Pigeon, W. R., & Heffner, K. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Rochester Medicine (US)
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gallegos, Autumn M.
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-12
- Volume
- 58
- Pages
- 115-124
- ISSN
- 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5939561
- OpenAlex
- W2766807714
- Cited by
- 181
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13
- FWCI
- 2.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Rochester CTSA (KL2 TR001999)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, meditation, yoga, complementary health approaches, complementary therapy, treatment effectiveness, sample size effects, treatment moderators
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Yoga, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Meditation
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