PTSD Symptom Reduction With Mindfulness-Based Stretching and Deep Breathing Exercise: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Efficacy

Kim, Sang Hwan; Schneider, Suzanne M.; Bevans, Margaret; Kravitz, Len; Mermier, Christine; Qualls, Clifford; Burge, Mark R.

doi:10.1210/jc.2012-3742

Cited by 135Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchMindfulness and Compassion InterventionsStress Responses and Cortisol

PTSD Symptom Reduction With Mindfulness-Based Stretching and Deep Breathing Exercise: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Efficacy

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Kim, Sang Hwan, Schneider, Suzanne M., Bevans, Margaret, Kravitz, Len, Mermier, Christine, Qualls, Clifford, Burge, Mark R.·2013·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

DOI 10.1210/jc.2012-3742PMC PMC3701284

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Abstract

CONTEXT: Abnormal cortisol levels are a key pathophysiological indicator of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Endogenous normalization of cortisol concentration through exercise may be associated with PTSD symptom reduction. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine whether mindfulness-based stretching and deep breathing exercise (MBX) normalizes cortisol levels and reduces PTSD symptom severity among individuals with subclinical features of PTSD. DESIGN AND SETTING: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at the University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-nine nurses (28 female) aged 45-66 years participated in the study. INTERVENTION: Sixty-minute MBX sessions were conducted semiweekly for 8 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum cortisol was measured, and the PTSD Checklist-Civilian version (PCL-C) was performed at baseline and weeks 4, 8, and 16. RESULTS: Twenty-nine participants completed the study procedures, 22 (79%) with PTSD symptoms (MBX, n = 11; control, n = 11), and 7 (21%) without PTSD (BASE group). Eight-week outcomes for the MBX group were superior to those for the control group (mean difference for PCL-C scores, -13.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], -25.6, -1.6; P = .01; mean difference for serum cortisol, 5.8; 95% CI, 0.83, 10.8; P = .01). No significant differences were identified between groups in any other items. The changes in the MBX group were maintained at the 16-week follow-up (P = .85 for PCL-C; P = .21 for cortisol). Our data show that improved PTSD scores were associated with normalization of cortisol levels (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that MBX appears to reduce the prevalence of PTSD-like symptoms in individuals exhibiting subclinical features of PTSD.

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The effect of mindfulness stretching on PTSD symptoms persisted until 16 weeks post-intervention.
“The effect persists even until 16 weeks post-intervention.”
From Effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for Chinese adults with PTSD symptoms: protocol for a randomised controlled trial (2024) · cites this paper as [47]
A 60-minute semi-weekly mindfulness stretching significantly reduced PTSD symptoms among 28 nurses compared to an exercise control group.
“Another study by Kim et al. conducted on 28 nurses found that a 60-minute semi-weekly mindfulness stretching could significantly reduce PTSD symptoms, compared to an exercise control group [47].”
From Effects of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for Chinese adults with PTSD symptoms: protocol for a randomised controlled trial (2024) · cites this paper as [47]

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“Another study by Kim et al. conducted on 28 nurses found that a 60-minute semi-weekly mind-fulness stretching could significantly reduce PTSD symptoms, compared to an exercise control group [47].”
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Mindfulness-Based Stretching and Deep Breathing Exercises Normalize Serum Cortisol Levels and Reverse Symptoms of PTSD: A Prospective Randomized-Controlled Trial
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P02.137. Mindfulness-based stretching and deep breathing exercise reduces symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder
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Authors: Kim, S. H., Schneider, S. M., Bevans, M., Kravitz, L., Mermier, C., Qualls, C., & Burge, M. R.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (US)
University of New Mexico (US)
Clinical and Translational Science Center (C.Q., M.R.B.),Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131
Corresponding author: Kim, Sang Hwan
ORCID: Bevans, Margaret
Kravitz, Len
Mermier, Christine
Qualls, Clifford
Burge, Mark R.
Venue: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Published: 2013-07-01
Volume: 98
Issue: 7
Pages: 2984-2992
ISSN: 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
1945-7197
DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-3742
PMC: PMC3701284
OpenAlex: W2088952894
Cited by: 135
References: 40
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 9.63
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000041, 5kl2rr031976-02, UL1TR001449)
National Center for Research Resources (5KL2RR031976-02, HHS/NIH/NCATS UL1RR031977-01, KL2-RR031976, UL1RR031977)
NIH Clinical Center
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords: post-traumatic stress disorder, deep breathing exercises, cortisol, exercise therapy, PTSD symptom reduction, subclinical PTSD, nurses, PTSD Checklist-Civilian
MeSH terms: Academic Medical Centers, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Aged, Breathing Exercises, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Middle Aged, Neurosecretory Systems, New Mexico, Nurses, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychophysiology, Severity of Illness Index, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Down-Regulation, Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate, Muscle Stretching Exercises

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PTSD Symptom Reduction With Mindfulness-Based Stretching and Deep Breathing Exercise: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Efficacy

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