Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for the treatment of headache pain: A mixed-methods analysis comparing treatment responders and treatment non-responders
Abstract
Objectives Our recent pilot study demonstrated mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a potentially efficacious headache pain treatment; however, it was not universally effective for all participants. This study sought to explore patient characteristics associated with MBCT treatment response and the potential processes of change that allowed treatment responders to improve and that were potentially lacking in the non-responders.Design We implemented a mixed-methods analysis of quantitative and qualitative data. The sample consisted of 21 participants, 14 of whom were classified as treatment responders (≥50% improvement in pain intensity and/or pain interference) and seven as non-responders (<50% improvement).Setting The study was conducted at the Kilgo Headache Clinic and the University of Alabama Psychology Clinic.Intervention Participants completed an 8-week MBCT treatment for headache pain management.Measures Standardized measures of pain, psychosocial outcomes, and non-specific therapy factors were obtained; all participants completed a post-treatment semi-structured interview.Results Quantitative data indicated a large effect size difference between responders and non-responders for pre- to post-treatment change in standardized measures of pain acceptance and catastrophizing, and a small to medium effect size differences on treatment dose indicators. Both groups showed improved psychosocial outcomes. Qualitatively, change in cognitive processes was a more salient qualitative theme within treatment responders; both groups commented on the importance of non-specific therapeutic factors. Barriers to mindfulness meditation were also commented on by participants across groups.Conclusions Results indicated that change in pain related cognitions during an MBCT intervention for headache pain is a key factor underlying treatment response.
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Studies have demonstrated that mindfulness interventions benefit individuals with headaches by improving psychological functioning.
“Studies have demonstrated that mindfulness interventions benefit individuals with headaches by improving psychological functioning [38-40].”
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- Authors
- Day, M. A., Thorn, B. E., & Rubin, N. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Alabama (US)
- Corresponding author
- Day, Melissa A.
- Venue
- Complementary Therapies in Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-04
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 278-285
- ISSN
- 0965-2299 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2098035037
- Cited by
- 58
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 8.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Complementary Therapies in Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Alabama
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Migraine and Headache Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, headache, treatment response, treatment non-responders, pain acceptance, pain catastrophizing, pain-related cognitions, psychosocial outcomes, change processes
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alabama, Female, Headache, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Mindfulness
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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