A randomized, controlled trial of a stress management intervention for latinos with type 2 diabetes delivered by community health workers: Outcomes for psychological wellbeing, glycemic control, and cortisol
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Aims To test the efficacy of a community health worker (CHW) delivered stress management (SM) intervention on psychosocial, glycemic, and cortisol outcomes among U.S. Latinos with type 2 diabetes.Methods A randomized, controlled trial compared CHW-delivered diabetes education (DE; one group session) to DE plus CHW-delivered SM (DE+SM; 8 group sessions). Psychosocial variables and urinary cortisol were measured at baseline and posttreatment. HbA1c was measured at baseline, posttreatment, and 3-month follow-up.Results In intent to treat analysis, compared to DE (n=46), DE+SM (n=61) showed significantly improved symptoms of depression, anxiety, and self-reported health status. There were no significant group effects for HbA1c, diabetes distress, or urinary cortisol. However, there was a dose response effect for HbA1c and diabetes distress; increasing attendance at SM sessions was associated with greater improvements in HbA1c and diabetes distress.Conclusions This is the first randomized, controlled trial demonstrating that CHWs can improve psychological symptoms and self-reported health among Latinos with type 2 diabetes. Efforts to increase intervention attendance may improve HbA1c and diabetes distress.
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Diabetes-related distress, anxiety, subthreshold depression, having more than three chronic diseases, and stressful life events can predict depression.
“DM-related distress, anxiety, subthreshold depression, having more than 3 chronic diseases and having stressful life events can predict depression”
From American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. (2022) · cites this paper as [1643]
Section 1.3 discusses diabetes-related distress, depression, and anxiety, but does not identify them as predictors of depression. Methods §2.4 and Results §3.2 treat these as measured outcomes, not predictors. Searches for subthreshold depression, more than three chronic diseases, stressful life events, and predictors of depression found no supporting passage in our copy; page numbers were unavailable. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThree of six mindfulness studies measuring anxiety and diabetes-related distress found significant reductions compared with control.
“With respect to anxiety and diabetes-related distress, three out of six studies that measured these outcomes found a significant reduction following the intervention [50, 51, 56, 58, 60] compared to the control group.”
From Well-being interventions for individuals with diabetes: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as [60]
Of 12 mindfulness studies measuring depression, 11 found significant symptom reductions, and 10 of these were controlled.
“Similarly, of the 12 studies measuring changes in depression, 11 found significant symptom reductions [48–51, 53, 54, 56–58, 60, 62], 10 of which were controlled studies.”
From Well-being interventions for individuals with diabetes: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as [60]
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- Authors
- Wagner, J. A., Bermudez-Millan, A., Damio, G., Segura-Perez, S., Chhabra, J., Vergara, C., Feinn, R., & Perez-Escamilla, R.
- Affiliations
- UConn Health (US)
- Hispanic Health Council (US)
- Hartford Hospital (US)
- Quinnipiac University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wagner, Julie Ann
- Venue
- Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-10
- Volume
- 120
- Pages
- 162-170
- ISSN
- 0168-8227 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5037043
- OpenAlex
- W2495791844
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10
- FWCI
- 8.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000142, UL1TR001863)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK092949)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (R01MD005879)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Community Health and Development
- Keywords
- stress management interventions, community health workers, type 2 diabetes, Hispanic Americans, diabetes education, glycemic control, HbA1c, urinary cortisol, diabetes distress, depression, anxiety, psychological well-being, intervention attendance, dose-response relationship
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Anxiety, Blood Glucose, Community Health Workers, Counseling, Depression, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Middle Aged, Stress, Psychological, United States, Treatment Outcome
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