Human reconstructed skin xenografts on mice to model skin physiology
Abstract
Xenograft models to study skin physiology have been popular for scientific use since the 1970s, with various developments and improvements to the techniques over the decades. Xenograft models are particularly useful and sought after due to the lack of clinically relevant animal models in predicting drug effectiveness in humans. Such predictions could in turn boost the process of drug discovery, since novel drug compounds have an estimated 8% chance of FDA approval despite years of rigorous preclinical testing and evaluation, albeit mostly in non-human models. In the case of skin research, the mouse persists as the most popular animal model of choice, despite its well-known anatomical differences with human skin. Differences in skin biology are especially evident when trying to dissect more complex skin conditions, such as psoriasis and eczema, where interactions between the immune system, epidermis and the environment likely occur. While the use of animal models are still considered the gold standard for systemic toxicity studies under controlled environments, there are now alternative models that have been approved for certain applications. To overcome the biological limitations of the mouse model, research efforts have also focused on "humanizing" the mice model to better recapitulate human skin physiology. In this review, we outline the different approaches undertaken thus far to study skin biology using human tissue xenografts in mice and the technical challenges involved…
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The mouse is a standard model for investigating skin development and disease in vivo.
“The mouse is a standard model for investigating skin development and disease in vivo”
From Generation and characterization of hair-bearing skin organoids from human pluripotent stem cells (2022) · cites this paper as [15]
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- Authors
- Salgado, G., Ng, Y. Z., Koh, L. F., Goh, C. S. M., & Common, J. E.
- Affiliations
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Common, John E.
- Venue
- Differentiation
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-11
- Volume
- 98
- Pages
- 14-24
- ISSN
- 0301-4681 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2755767958
- Cited by
- 56
- References
- 128
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 0.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Differentiation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Biomedical Research Council (BMRC) of Singapore
- A*STAR SPF (IAF SPF 2013/004, IAF SPF 2013/005)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Xenotransplantation and immune response
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Transplantation › Organ and Tissue Transplantation Research
- Keywords
- human skin xenograft, humanized mice, skin physiology, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, drug discovery, alternative animal models, human immune system, epidermis, systemic toxicity
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Epidermis, Humans, Skin, Skin Physiological Phenomena, Skin Transplantation, Heterografts
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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