Brief interventions for cannabis use in emerging adults: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and evidence map
Abstract
Purpose This systematic review summarizes and critically appraises the existing literature on brief interventions (BIs) for cannabis use among emerging adults.Methods Eligible BIs were operationalized as 1-2 sessions focused exclusively on cannabis use for samples with mean ages between 15 and 30. Outcomes related to cannabis use, other substance use, mental health, help-seeking, or functional status were included. Two independent reviewers screened a total of 3638 records, identifying 244 studies for full-text screening. In total, 32 BIs in 26 primary studies with 6318 participants were included.Results Participants were typically not seeking treatment and using cannabis at least once a month. Most interventions were motivational, single sessions, and delivered in person. Few discussed concurrent psychiatric conditions. Pooling results at 1-3 months post-intervention, BIs compared to passive control slightly reduced symptoms of cannabis use disorder (SMD -0.14 [95% CI -0.26 to -0.01]) and increased the odds of abstinence (OR 1.73 [95% CI 1.13-2.66]). Other outcome results often favored BIs but were not significant. Results of studies comparing types of BIs (k = 8) or BIs to longer interventions (k = 1) are discussed narratively. Quality assessment suggested low to very low-quality evidence.Conclusions This review indicates that BIs targeting non-treatment seeking emerging adults result in significant reductions in symptoms of cannabis use disorder and an increased likelihood of cannabis abstinence, however evidence is of low quality.
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There is some evidence of benefit regarding other cannabis-related outcomes among emerging adults for motivational brief interventions.
“some evidence of benefit regarding other cannabisrelated outcomes among emerging adults (44).”
From Initial insights from a quality improvement initiative to develop an evidence-informed young adult substance use program (2022) · cites this paper as [44]
Several reviews have not found changes in frequency of cannabis use regarding motivational brief interventions.
“although several reviews have not found changes in frequency of use regarding cannabis use (43, 44)”
From Initial insights from a quality improvement initiative to develop an evidence-informed young adult substance use program (2022) · cites this paper as [44]
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BackgroundSelf-citation
- Authors
- Halladay, J., Scherer, J., MacKillop, J., Woock, R., Petker, T., Linton, V., & Munn, C.
- Affiliations
- McMaster University (CA)
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Halladay, Jillian
- Venue
- Drug and Alcohol Dependence
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-11
- Volume
- 204
- Pages
- 107565
- ISSN
- 0376-8716 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2973636572
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 12 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 1.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Drug and Alcohol Dependence (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Keywords
- brief intervention, cannabis use, emerging adults, cannabis use disorder, cannabis abstinence, motivational interviewing, substance use, mental health, help-seeking, functional status
- MeSH terms
- Marijuana Abuse, Humans, Marijuana Smoking, Psychotherapy, Brief, Motivational Interviewing
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