Effects of Brief Substance Use Interventions Delivered in General Medical Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
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Aims: To estimate effects of brief substance use interventions delivered in general medical settings. Methods: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized trials conducted since 1990 of brief substance use interventions in patients of any age or severity level recruited in general medical settings. Primary outcomes were any measure of substance use or substance‐related consequences (indexed with Hedges’ g and risk ratios). Mixed‐effects meta‐regressions were used to estimate overall effects and predictors of effect variability. Analyses were conducted separately by brief intervention (BI) target substance: alcohol only or drugs. Findings: A total of 116 trials (64 439 participants) were identified; 111 (62 263 participants) provided effect size data and were included in the meta‐analysis. Drug‐targeted BIs yielded significant small improvements in multiple drug/mixed substance use (Hedges' g ) = 0.08; 95% CI = 0.002, 0.15), but after adjusting for multiple comparisons, they did not produce significant effects on cannabis use ( = 0.06; 95% CI = 0.001, 0.12), alcohol use ( = 0.08; 95% CI = −0.0003, 0.17), or consequences ( = 0.05; 95% CI = 0.01, 0.10). Drug‐targeted BIs yielded larger improvements in multiple drug/mixed substance use when delivered by a general practitioner ( = 0.19; 95% CI = 0.187, 0.193). Alcohol‐targeted BIs yielded small beneficial effects on alcohol use ( = 0.12; 95% CI 0.08, 0.16), but no evidence of an effect on consequences ( = 0.05; 95% CI = −0.04, 0.13). However, alcohol‐targeted BIs only had beneficial effects on alcohol use when delivered in general medical settings = 0.17; 95% CI = 0.10, 0.24); the findings were inconclusive for those delivered in emergency department/trauma centers ( = 0.05; 95% CI = 0.00, 0.10). Conclusions: When delivered in general medical settings, alcohol‐targeted brief interventions may produce small beneficial reductions in drinking (equivalent to a reduction in 1 drinking day per month). There is limited evidence regarding the effects of drug‐targeted brief interventions on drug use.
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Motivational brief interventions have benefits for alcohol and other substance use problems among adolescents and adults.
“there are benefits for alcohol and other substance use problems among adolescents (45) and adults (46, 47)”
From Initial insights from a quality improvement initiative to develop an evidence-informed young adult substance use program (2022) · cites this paper as [47]
The Results (Alcohol-targeted interventions; page not provided) report small reductions in alcohol use in both adolescent/young-adult and adult or mixed-age samples. The Conclusion (page not provided) says there are too few drug-targeted trials to determine whether brief interventions consistently reduce drug use or its consequences. The paper therefore supports an alcohol-use benefit, but not a general benefit for other substance use problems; it also does not establish the claim specifically for motivational brief interventions. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTanner et al. in a systematic review and meta-analysis of BIs delivered in general medical settings found that BIs had small beneficial effects on alcohol use.
“Tanner et al. [126] in a systematic review and meta-analysis of BIs delivered in general medical settings found that BIs had small beneficial effects on alcohol use.”
From A scoping review of substance use brief interventions in Africa (2024) · cites this paper as [126]
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- Authors
- Tanner‐Smith, E. E., Parr, N. J., Schweer‐Collins, M., & Saitz, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Oregon (US)
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tanner‐Smith, Emily E.
- Venue
- Addiction
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-10-14
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 877-889
- ISSN
- 0965-2140 (ISSN-L)
- 1360-0443
- PMC
- PMC8904275
- OpenAlex
- W3206867129
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 0.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Addiction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA043589.)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Keywords
- alcohol consumption, drug use, cannabis use, general practitioners, emergency department, trauma centers, primary care, multiple drug use, harm reduction, addiction treatment, substance use disorder screening
- MeSH terms
- Alcohol Drinking, Ethanol, Counseling, Crisis Intervention, Humans, Substance-Related Disorders
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