Unique relationships between facets of mindfulness and eating pathology among female smokers
Open accessAbstract
Female smokers often have higher levels of eating disorder symptoms than non-smokers, and concerns about eating and weight might interfere with smoking cessation. Thus, it is critical to identify factors to promote healthier eating and body image in this population. Initial research suggests that specific aspects of trait mindfulness predict lower body dissatisfaction and eating disorder symptoms among non-smokers. However, these relationships are unknown among smokers. The current study examined associations between facets of trait mindfulness and eating disorder symptoms in 112 college female smokers (83% Caucasian; mean age 20 years, SD=1.69). After controlling for relevant sociodemographic variables, Describing and Nonjudging facets of mindfulness predicted lower bulimic symptoms and body dissatisfaction (ps<.05), while Acting with Awareness predicted lower bulimic and anorexic symptoms, ps<.05. Observing predicted higher anorexic symptoms, p<.05. These results suggest that specific mindfulness facets are related to lower eating disorder symptoms among smokers, whereas other facets are not associated or have a positive relationship with these symptoms. Mindfulness-based interventions focusing on Describing, Nonjudging, and Acting with Awareness may help to reduce eating pathology among female smokers, which could potentially improve smoking cessation rates in this population.
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More external/sensory-based facets of mindfulness such as observe mindfulness may be positively associated with negative emotional eating.
“other research has suggested that more external/sensory-based facets of mindfulness such as observe mindfulness may be positively associated with negative emotional eating [30–32].”
From Mindfulness facets differentially relate to self-reported negative and positive emotional eating types in treatment-seeking adults with overweight/obesity (2023) · cites this paper as [31]
The Results (§3.3; page unavailable) report that Observing predicted higher anorexic symptoms among female smokers, supporting a positive association with one form of eating pathology. The paper does not report an association between Observing and negative emotional eating specifically, so the claim changes the outcome studied. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredObserving is associated with higher levels of anxiety and psychological distress.
“Observing is shown to be associated with higher levels of anxiety and psychological distress (Adams et al., 2012; Baer et al., 2008; Barnes & Lynn, 2010; Coffey et al., 2010; Desrosiers et al., 2013).”
From Specific mindfulness traits protect against negative effects of trait anxiety on medical student wellbeing during high-pressure periods (2021) · cites this paper as Adams et al., 2012
The Introduction says Observing predicted more psychological symptoms, and Results §3.3 reports higher anorexic symptoms among female smokers. The paper does not report an association between Observing and anxiety, so that specific part of the claim is unsupported. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredDispositional mindfulness facets 'describing' and 'non-judging' predicted lower eating pathology and body dissatisfaction, whilst 'observe' predicted higher anorexic symptoms.
“They found that DM facets ‘describing’ and ‘non-judging’ predicted lower eating pathology and body dissatisfaction, whilst ‘observe’ predicted higher anorexic symptoms.”
From Dispositional Mindfulness and Psychological Health: a Systematic Review (2018) · cites this paper as Adams et al. (2012)
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- Authors
- Adams, C. E., McVay, M. A., Kinsaul, J., Benitez, L., Vinci, C., Stewart, D. W., & Copeland, A. L.
- Affiliations
- Louisiana State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Adams, Claire E.
- Venue
- Eating Behaviors
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-12
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 390-393
- ISSN
- 1471-0153 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3837528
- OpenAlex
- W1966634796
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Eating Behaviors (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R25-TCA57730, CA 016672, U54CA153505, R25CA057730, P30CA016672)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Keywords
- trait mindfulness, mindfulness facets, eating disorder symptoms, women smokers, body dissatisfaction, bulimic symptoms, smoking cessation, female university students, mindfulness-based interventions, body image
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Awareness, Body Image, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Personal Satisfaction, Smoking
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