The stigma associated with gestational diabetes mellitus: A scoping review
Open accessAbstract
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects an increasing number of pregnant women globally. Although studies have identified psychosocial ramifications associated with GDM, stigma in the form of experienced discrimination and self-blame and its consequences have received limited attention. Our objective was to examine the current evidence on stigma, as experienced among women with GDM, including the potential adverse consequences hereof. Methods: A scoping review was conducted with citations retrieved from the databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and, PsycINFO. Studies published before 15 June 2022, when the search was conducted, were included. Findings: We identified 1388 citations and included 44 in the review. We found that women with GDM may experience stigma in the form of overt discrimination from healthcare personnel and relatives, and in the form of internalised stigma, such as guilt and shame. Identified consequences include avoidance of screening, not following dietary recommendations nor reporting blood glucose readings, social isolation, and poor mental wellbeing. No estimates of stigma prevalence were identified. Interpretation: Existing evidence shows that women with GDM report stigma, which may affect both their mental and physical health. Further investigations into the prevalence of stigma and long-term consequences of stigma are much needed. Funding: The funders of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
International qualitative evidence shows that women across different settings often report limited knowledge of GDM prior to diagnosis, experience marked emotional distress at diagnosis and describe stigma characterised by guilt, shame and self-blame.
“International qualitative evidence mirrors these findings, with research showing that women across different settings often report limited knowledge of GDM prior to diagnosis, experience marked emotional distress at diagnosis and describe stigma characterised by guilt, shame and self‐blame [26, 27].”
From Preconception Perceptions, Knowledge and Behaviours of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Qualitative Study (2026) · cites this paper as [26]
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation
Tricco, A. C., Lillie, E., Zarin, W., O'Brien, K. K., Colquhoun, H., Levac, D., Moher, D., Peters, M. D. J., Horsley, T., Weeks, L., et al. (2018) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m18-0850 · Cited by 43,565 · see citing works
International Diabetes Federation 2017
Carracher, A. M., Marathe, P. H., & Close, K. L. (2018) · Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1111/1753-0407.12644 · Cited by 13,369 · see citing works
Munn, Z., Peters, M. D. J., Stern, C., Tufanaru, C., McArthur, A., & Aromataris, E. (2018) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-018-0611-x · Cited by 11,385 · see citing works
Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2001) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.363 · Cited by 8,848 · see citing works
Guidance for conducting systematic scoping reviews
Peters, M. D. J., Godfrey, C. M., Khalil, H., McInerney, P., Parker, D., & Soares, C. B. (2015) · International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare · doi:10.1097/xeb.0000000000000050 · Cited by 7,472 · see citing works
Lippa, N. C., & Sanderson, S. C. (2013) · Human Heredity · doi:10.1159/000353712 · Cited by 6,093 · see citing works
2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: <i>Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022</i>
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee (2022) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc22-s002 · Cited by 4,792 · see citing works
2. Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: <i>Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2020</i>
American Diabetes Association (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc20-s002 · Cited by 3,187 · see citing works
Stigma as a fundamental cause of population health inequalities
Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Phelan, J. C., & Link, B. G. (2013) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2012.301069 · Cited by 2,674 · see citing works
Syndemics and the biosocial conception of health
Singer, M., Bulled, N., Ostrach, B., & Mendenhall, E. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)30003-x · Cited by 1,491 · see citing works
From Conceptualizing to Measuring HIV Stigma: A Review of HIV Stigma Mechanism Measures
Earnshaw, V. A., & Chaudoir, S. R. (2009) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-009-9593-3 · Cited by 1,222 · see citing works
Kramer, C. K., Campbell, S., & Retnakaran, R. (2019) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-019-4840-2 · Cited by 965 · see citing works
Clausen, T. D., Mathiesen, E. R., Hansen, T., Pedersen, O., Jensen, D. M., Lauenborg, J., & Damm, P. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-1596 · Cited by 724 · see citing works
Self-citationWeight bias internalization and health: a systematic review
Pearl, R. L., & Puhl, R. M. (2018) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12701 · Cited by 642 · see citing works
A guide to abductive thematic analysis
Thompson, J. (2022) · The Qualitative Report · doi:10.46743/2160-3715/2022.5340 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Developmental Origins of Health and Disease: New Insights
Hanson, M. A., & Gluckman, P. D. (2008) · Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology · doi:10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00186.x · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Schabert, J., Browne, J. L., Mosely, K., & Speight, J. (2013) · Patient · doi:10.1007/s40271-012-0001-0 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
Stigma in People With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes
Liu, N. F., Brown, A. S., Folias, A. E., Younge, M. F., Guzman, S., Close, K. L., & Wood, R. (2017) · Clinical Diabetes · doi:10.2337/cd16-0020 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Song, C., Lyu, Y., Li, C., Liu, P., Li, J., Ma, R. C., & Yang, X. (2018) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12645 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Society: Don't blame the mothers
Richardson, S. S., Daniels, C. R., Gillman, M. W., Golden, J., Kukla, R., Kuzawa, C., & Rich-Edwards, J. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/512131a · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Women’s experiences of factors that facilitate or inhibit gestational diabetes self-management
Carolan, M., Gill, G. K., & Steele, C. (2012) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/1471-2393-12-99 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Experiences of gestational diabetes and gestational diabetes care: a focus group and interview study
Parsons, J., Sparrow, K., Ismail, K., Hunt, K. F., Rogers, H., & Forbes, A. (2018) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-018-1657-9 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Grunnet, L. G., Hansen, S., Hjort, L., Madsen, C. M., Kampmann, F. B., Thuesen, A. C. B., Granstrømi, C., Strøm, M., Maslova, E., Frikke‐Schmidt, R., et al. (2017) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc17-0514 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationPerceived Weight Discrimination and 10-Year Risk of Allostatic Load Among US Adults
Vadiveloo, M., & Mattei, J. (2017) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-016-9831-7 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Pregnant and postpartum women’s experiences of weight stigma in healthcare
Incollingo Rodriguez, A. C., Smieszek, S. M., Nippert, K. E., & Tomiyama, A. J. (2020) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-020-03202-5 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Draffin, C. R., Alderdice, F. A., McCance, D. R., Maresh, M., Harper, R., McSorley, O., & Holmes, V. A. (2016) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2016.06.019 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Gestational Diabetes: The Meaning of an At-Risk Pregnancy
Evans, M. K., & O’Brien, B. (2004) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732304270825 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Razee, H., van der Ploeg, H. P., Blignault, I., Smith, B. J., Bauman, A. E., McLean, M. P., & Cheung, N. W. (2010) · Health Promotion Journal of Australia · doi:10.1071/he10130 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
‘From stun to gradual balance’- women’s experiences of living with gestational diabetes mellitus
Persson, M., Winkvist, A., & Mogren, I. (2009) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6712.2009.00735.x · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Stress and Anxiety in Women With Gestational Diabetes During Dietary Management
Hui, A. L., Sevenhuysen, G. P., Harvey, D., & Salamon, E. A. (2014) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/0145721714535991 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Hirst, J. E., Tran, T. S., My An, T., Forsyth, R., Morris, J. M., & Jeffery, H. E. (2012) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/1471-2393-12-81 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
A transformed pregnancy: the psychosocial consequences of gestational diabetes
Lawson, E. J., & Rajaram, S. S. (1994) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.ep11347644 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Beliefs about health and illness in women managed for gestational diabetes in two organisations
Hjelm, K., Berntorp, K. E., Frid, A. H., Åberg, A., & Apelqvist, J. (2007) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2006.12.008 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Nielsen, K. K., de Courten, M., & Kapur, A. (2012) · BMC International Health and Human Rights · doi:10.1186/1472-698x-12-33 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationSpeight, J., Skinner, T. C., Dunning, T. L., Black, T., Kilov, G., Lee, C., Scibilia, R., & Johnson, G. (2021) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108655 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Harrison, A. L., Taylor, N. F., Frawley, H. C., & Shields, N. (2019) · Journal of Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.jphys.2018.11.007 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Boyd, J., McMillan, B., Easton, K., Delaney, B., & Mitchell, C. A. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037318 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Maternal adjustment and infant outcome in medically defined high-risk pregnancy.
Levy‐Shiff, R., Lerman, M., Har‐Even, D., & Hod, M. (2002) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037//0012-1649.38.1.93-103 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Muhwava, L. S., Murphy, K., Zarowsky, C., & Levitt, N. S. (2020) · BMC Women s Health · doi:10.1186/s12905-020-01093-4 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Maternal adjustment and infant outcome in medically defined high-risk pregnancy.
Levy‐Shiff, R., Lerman, M., Har‐Even, D., & Hod, M. (2002) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.38.1.93 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Graco, M., Garrard, J., & Jasper, A. (2009) · Health Promotion Journal of Australia · doi:10.1071/he09020 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Svensson, L., Nielsen, K. K., & Maindal, H. T. (2017) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1111/scs.12506 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationPostnatal experiences, knowledge and perceptions of women with gestational diabetes
Eades, C. E., France, E. F., & Evans, J. M. M. (2018) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.13580 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Parsons, J., Sparrow, K., Ismail, K., Hunt, K. F., Rogers, H., & Forbes, A. (2018) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.13794 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“It’s a Very Big Burden on Me”: Women’s Experiences Using Insulin for Gestational Diabetes
Gray, M. F., Hsu, C. W., Kiel, L. M., & Dublin, S. (2017) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-017-2261-8 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Lived experiences of women with co-existing BMI≥30 and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Jarvie, R. (2016) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2016.12.009 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Tang, J. W., Foster, K. E., Pumarino, J., Ackermann, R. T., Peaceman, A. M., & Cameron, K. A. (2014) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-014-1657-y · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Hjelm, K., Bard, K., Nyberg, P., & Apelqvist, J. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2005.01422.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Understanding the Experiences of East African Immigrant Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Siad, F. M., Fang, X. Y., Santana, M., Butalia, S., Hebert, M., & Rabi, D. M. (2018) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2018.01.013 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Ge, L., Wikby, K., & Rask, M. (2016) · Australian Journal of Rural Health · doi:10.1111/ajr.12292 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Neufeld, H. T. (2014) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/1472-6963-14-440 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Aboriginal Women's Experiences With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Whitty-Rogers, J., Caine, V., & Cameron, B. L. (2016) · Advances in Nursing Science · doi:10.1097/ans.0000000000000115 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Beyond BMI: Pregnancy-related weight stigma increases risk of gestational diabetes
Nagpal, T. S., Tomiyama, A. J., & Rodriguez, A. C. I. (2021) · Primary care diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.pcd.2021.07.002 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Postnatal gestational diabetes mellitus follow-up: Australian women's experiences
Kilgour, C., Bogossian, F. E., Callaway, L. K., & Gallois, C. (2015) · Women and Birth · doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2015.06.004 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Casey, J. R., Mogg, E. L., Banks, J. L., Braniff, K., & Heal, C. F. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021513 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Being targeted as a “severely overweight pregnant woman” —A qualitative interview study
Lauridsen, D. S., Sandøe, P., & Holm, L. (2018) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.12681 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The experience of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among Hispanic women in a U.S. border region
Carolan, M. C., Duarte‐Gardea, M., Lechuga, J., & Salinas-Lopez, S. (2016) · Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare · doi:10.1016/j.srhc.2016.11.003 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Compliance with treatment regimen in women with gestational diabetes: Living with fear.
Ghaffari, F., Salsali, M., Rahnavard, Z., & Parvizy, S. (2014) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Doran, F. M., & Davis, K. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Living With Gestational Diabetes in a Rural Community
Abraham, K., & Wilk, N. C. (2014) · MCN The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing · doi:10.1097/nmc.0000000000000047 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Darroch, F., & Giles, A. R. (2015) · Women and Birth · doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2015.08.003 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
STOTZ, S. A., Charron‐Prochownik, D., Terry, M. A., Gonzales, K. L., MOORE, K. R., & For the Stopping GDM Study Group (2019) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/0145721718821663 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
McParlin, C., Hodson, K. K., Barnes, A. C., Taylor, R., Robson, S. C., & Araújo‐Soares, V. (2018) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.13788 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Eades, C. E., Clarke, K. M., Cameron, D. M., Coulson, N., & Evans, J. M. M. (2020) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.14348 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Gestational diabetes mellitus follow-up in Norwegian primary health care: a qualitative study
Toft, J. H., Økland, I., & Risa, C. F. (2021) · BJGP Open · doi:10.3399/bjgpo.2021.0104 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Kilgour, C., Bogossian, F. E., Callaway, L. K., & Gallois, C. (2018) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2018.12.005 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Sharma, A., Birkeland, K. I., Nermoen, I., Qvigstad, E., Tran, A. T., Gulseth, H. L., Sollid, S. T., Wium, C., & Varsi, C. (2021) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.14651 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Socio-cultural Aspects of Self-Management in Gestational Diabetes
Wazqar, D. Y., & Evans, M. K. (2012) · Scholarship@Western (Western University) · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Ørtenblad, L., Høtoft, D., Krogh, R. A., Lynggaard, V., Christiansen, J. J., Nielsen, C. V., & Momsen, A. H. (2021) · Endocrinology Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1002/edm2.248 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
(7755977), J. S., (7690946), T. S., Dunning, P., (13465248), T. B., Kilov, G., (5898743), C. L., (13419927), R. S., & (9855491), G. J. (2025) · Figshare · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Nielsen, M. H., Jensen, A. L., Bo, A., & Maindal, H. T. (2020) · The Open Diabetes Journal · doi:10.2174/1876524602010010011 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationWomen’s accounts of the gestational diabetes experience – a South African perspective
Dickson, L. M., Buchmann, E., & Norris, S. A. (2020) · South African Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.7196/sajog.1534 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Jakobsen, J. B. S., Brodersen, J. S., Sheikh, Z. A., & Nielsen, K. K. (2021) · Women · doi:10.3390/women1020010 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationBurkett, B. V. (2015) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [1]International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 10th edition. International Diabetes Federation. Belgium; 2021. Available from: https://www.diabetesatlas.org
- [14]Veritas Health Innovation, Covidence Systematic Review Software. Melbourne, Australia. Available from: www.covidence.org
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Epidemiology and management of gestational diabetes
Sweeting, A., Hannah, W., Backman, H., Catalano, P., Feghali, M., Herman, W. H., Hivert, M.-F., Immanuel, J., Meek, C., Oppermann, M. L., et al. (2024) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00825-0 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
Speight, J., Holmes‐Truscott, E., Garza, M., Scibilia, R., Wagner, S., Kato, A., Pedrero, V., Deschênes, S. S., Guzman, S., Joiner, K. L., et al. (2023) · The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00347-9 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Self-citationUnveiling Gestational Diabetes: An Overview of Pathophysiology and Management
Mittal, R., Prasad, K., Lemos, J. R. N., Arevalo, G., & Hirani, K. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26052320 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Call to action for a life course approach
Simmons, D. S., Gupta, Y., Hernandez, T. L., Levitt, N. S., van Poppel, M. N. M., Yang, X., Zarowsky, C., BACKMAN, H. E., Feghali, M. N., & Nielsen, K. K. (2024) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00826-2 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationGuo, X., Wu, S., Tang, H., Li, Y., Dong, W., Lu, G., Liang, S., & Chen, C. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01292-2 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Sun, S., Pellowski, J. A., Pisani, C., Pandey, D., Go, M., Chu, M. T., Ruan, J., & Werner, E. F. (2023) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-023-05949-z · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Experiences and self-care of pregnant nurses with gestational diabetes mellitus: a qualitative study
He, J., Wang, H., & Chen, X. (2024) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-023-01679-x · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Lee, K., Pellowski, J. A., Brayboy, L. M., Thompson, K. D., & DUNSIGER, S. I. (2024) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-023-03885-0 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Benton, M., Hotung, N., Bird, J., Ismail, K., & Silverio, S. A. (2025) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053241241863 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The experiences of individuals who have had gestational diabetes: A qualitative exploration
Roesler, A., Butten, K., Taylor, P., Morrison, M., Varnfield, M., & Holmes‐Truscott, E. (2024) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.15374 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Holmes‐Truscott, E., Litterbach, E., Arampatzi, C., Calyx, C., Cherry, J. E., Gilbert‐Morresi, V., Williams, A., Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz, M., Teede, H. J., & Speight, J. (2025) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.70073 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Jensen, N. H., Nielsen, K. K., Dahl‐Petersen, I. K., Kampmann, U., Damm, P., Ovesen, P., Mathiesen, E. R., Vinter, C. A., Davidsen, E., Thøgersen, M., et al. (2023) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2023-003529 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationHe, J., Hu, K., Wang, B., & Wang, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1247604 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Lim, S. S., Makama, M., Ioannou, E., Skouteris, H., Montanaro, C., Taye, M., Kodapally, B., Moran, L., CHIRP, Reja, A., et al. (2025) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.70017 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Nunes, M. L., Félix, B., Nunes, F., & Santos, I. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-96318-7 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Bradford, B. F., Cronin, R. S., Okesene-Gafa, K. A. M., Apaapa-Timu, T. H., Shashikumar, A., & Oyston, C. (2024) · Women and Birth · doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2024.01.005 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Jenkinson, B., Charlton, V., Hardiman, L., Limmer, A., McKenzie, M., Ura, A. L., Bonner, C., Lawler, S., Middleton, P., Mishra, G. D., et al. (2025) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-025-07296-7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Alshammary, A. F., Ansar, S., Farzan, R. A., Alsobaie, S. F., Alageel, A. A., Al-Hakeem, M. M., & Khan, I. A. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11051289 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Zhang, L., Zhang, J., Yan, Y., Duan, S., Wang, X., Szeto, I. M., Liu, J., Sun, Z., Feng, X., Hettinga, K. A., et al. (2024) · Food Bioscience · doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2024.104957 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Women’s experience of gestational diabetes and healthcare in southern Sweden – a qualitative study
Javanshiri, A. B., Modig, S., Nymberg, P., & Calling, S. (2025) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-025-07328-2 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Storey, K. M., Shay, L. A., Poteat, T., Pennington, K. A., & Schulz, L. C. (2025) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/rep-25-0050 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Dubois, N., & Giroux, I. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13182261 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Ioannou, E., Humphreys, H., Homer, C. V., & Purvis, A. J. (2024) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.15426 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Diabetes prevention after gestational diabetes: challenges and opportunities
Dunne, P., Sherry, D., & O'Reilly, S. L. (2024) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665124007456 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Feng, Y. Y., Deng, Z., Sivak, A., Yeung, R. O., & Nagpal, T. S. (2024) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.14973 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Payne, E., Schoenaker, D., Turner, K., Murphy, H. R., Skouteris, H., Ismail, K., Silverio, S. A., & Benton, M. (2026) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.70617 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“International qualitative evidence mirrors these findings, with research showing that women across different settings often report limited knowledge of GDM prior to diagnosis, experience marked emotional distress at diagnosis and describe stigma characterised by guilt, shame and self‐blame [26, 27].”
Diagnosis of gestational diabetes: Evidence and pitfalls
Wong, T., Immanuel, J., Wong, V. W., Barnes, R., & Simmons, D. (2025) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2025.102069 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Dunne, P., O’Mahony, L., Culliney, L., Byrne, M., Murphy, A. W., & O'Reilly, S. L. (2024) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.15489 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationPham, S., Churruca, K., Ellis, L. A., & Braithwaite, J. (2024) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.14082 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Brief Illness, Haunting Effects: Gestational Diabetes and the Spectrality of Care
Guernon, A.-S. (2025) · Culture Medicine and Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s11013-025-09948-x · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Dunne, P., Carvalho, M., Byrne, M., Murphy, A. W., & O'Reilly, S. L. (2023) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2023.12.012 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationNutrients as Risk Factors and Treatments for Gestational Diabetes
Petry, C. J. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15224716 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Pham, S., Churruca, K., Ellis, L. A., & Braithwaite, J. (2024) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2024.104280 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Morton-Jones, J., Brenton-Peters, J., Blake, L., Sinclair, S., Faletau, J., Takinui, E., Lewis-Hills, E., & Oyston, C. (2024) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-024-06723-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Liang, Y., Liu, Q., Sun, X., & Wang, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2025.1589416 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Davidsen, E., Maindal, H. T., Christensen, K. B., Damm, P., Byrne, M., Dahl‐Petersen, I. K., Mathiesen, E. R., Jensen, D. M., Vinter, C. A., Kampmann, U., et al. (2026) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-098109 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationEskildsen, F. R., Davidsen, E., Sørensen, J. B., & Nielsen, K. K. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2023-079772 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationSindhu, S., & Mageshwari, S. U. (2024) · Journal of Diabetology · doi:10.4103/jod.jod_95_23 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated to stigma
Davidsen, E., Maindal, H. T., Damm, P., & Nielsen, K. K. (2025) · Ugeskrift for Læger · doi:10.61409/v04240280 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationGarg, P., & Jeet, G. (2025) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-025-01596-0 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
O'Donoghue, F. M., O’Donnell, A. T., Meskell, P., Newman, C., Grangel, A. B., Griffin, T. P., & Creaven, A. (2026) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2026.2623886 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
George, C. V., Bhatia, D., Righton, O., Dirani, Z. E., White, S. L., Poston, L., Quotah, O. F., Schoenaker, D. A. J. M., Lavelle, F., Timon, C., et al. (2026) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-026-04236-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Jordan, J. E., Litterbach, E., Geerling, R. H., Lam, E. P., Fitzgerald, T., Kelly, R., Manski-Nankervis, J.-A. E., Read, M., Ekinci, E. I., Skinner, T. C., et al. (2026) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.70274 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Asiedu, C., Ahiagbede, D. K., Johnson, E., BILSON, S. E., Atitsogbey, G., & Asiedu, E. F. O. (2026) · SAGE Open Medicine · doi:10.1177/20503121261459803 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Women living with diabetes: Overlooked and under‐recognised, the psychosocial impact
Forde, R., Forbes, A., Adams, D., Celik, A., Davidsen, E., de Wit, M., Hadjiconstantinou, M., Hashim, R., Munda, A., Nefs, G., et al. (2026) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.70389 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationSun, S., Pisani, C., Pellowski, J. A., Go, M., & Loucks, E. B. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02699-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Benton, M., Payne, E., Waheed, N., Turner, K., Murphy, H. R., Skouteris, H., Ismail, K., & Silverio, S. A. (2025) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.70038
Puglisi, C. J., McDonough, J., Bianco‐Miotto, T., & Grieger, J. A. (2023) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmad064
MONITORING PELAYANAN KESEHATAN PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS BERBASIS WEB
Budijanto, H. A., Setiawan, T. A., Ilyas, A., & Siswanto, V. A. (2022) · Jurnal Ilmiah Intech Information Technology Journal of UMUS · doi:10.46772/intech.v4i02.880
Radhouen, G., Lahmadi, A., Laajili, O., Jemel, Y. M. M., Kandara, H., Chiboub, M., Mami, F. B., & Kammoun, I. (2023) · Education thérapeutique du patient - Therapeutic patient education · doi:10.1051/tpe/2024008
Elton, L., Porth, A., O’Sullivan, J. L., Zoellick, J. C., Gellert, P. R., Guise, A., & Kautzky‐Willer, A. (2025) · Journal of Midwifery & Women s Health · doi:10.1111/jmwh.13747
Clever, S. N. (2025) · Die Diabetologie · doi:10.1007/s11428-025-01325-x
Clever, S. N. (2025) · Die Gynäkologie · doi:10.1007/s00129-025-05435-x
Recommendations for optimising physical activity after gestational diabetes: system targets
Ioannou, E., Humphreys, H., Homer, C. V., & Purvis, A. J. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-25737-y
Nxumalo, Z., Bam, N. E., & Shopo, K. D. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8153814/v1
Guo, X., Wu, S., Tang, H., Li, Y., Dong, W., Lu, G., Liang, S., & Chen, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26612657
Guo, X., Wu, S., Tang, H., Li, Y., Dong, W., Lu, G., Liang, S., & Chen, C. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26612654
Mei, Y., Zhang, L. X., Zhang, F., Shen, Y., Chen, M., & Guo, H. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1591565 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Dong, Y., Fu, W., Zhang, L. Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Hettinga, K. A., & Zhou, P. (2026) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.150140
Limruangrong, P., Ukhawounam, U., Pornsuriyasak, P., & Matthews, A. K. (2026) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-026-09705-x
Rothmann, M. J., Muuse, A., Christiansen, P. K., Overgaard, C., Vinter, C. A., Jensen, D. M., & Aalders, J. (2026) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2026.07.007
Javanshiri, A. B., Modig, S., Nymberg, P., & Calling, S. (2026) · International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1080/17482631.2026.2717466
Ohene‐Agyei, P., Gamble, G. D., Tran, T., Harding, J. E., & Crowther, C. A. (2026) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2026.113590
Hong, Z., Luo, J., Xie, Z., Chen, J., Zheng, S., Li‐Gao, R., Deng, K., Wang, Y., Zhang, X., Fang, G., et al. (2026) · Maternal and Child Nutrition · doi:10.1111/mcn.70266
Weight Stigma in Pregnancy: A Narrative Review of Consequences, Drivers, and Potential Solutions
Hill, B., Hailu, H., Jenkinson, B., Griffiths, A., Davidsen, E., Dodd, J. M., Mitchell, M., Callaway, L. K., Kearney, L. N., & Skouteris, H. (2026) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-026-00772-x
Self-citation
- Authors
- Davidsen, E., Maindal, H. T., Rod, M. H., Olesen, K., Byrne, M., Damm, P., & Nielsen, K. K.
- Affiliations
- Copenhagen University Hospital (DK)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- University of Southern Denmark (DK)
- Ollscoil na Gaillimhe – University of Galway (IE)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Nielsen, Karoline Kragelund
- ORCID
- Venue
- eClinicalMedicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-10
- Volume
- 52
- Pages
- 101614
- ISSN
- 2589-5370 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9386490
- OpenAlex
- W4292688930
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 2.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- EClinicalMedicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen
- Region Hovedstaden
- Illinois Department of Public Health
- Aarhus Universitet
- Novo Nordisk Fonden
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Obesity and Health Practices
- Keywords
- gestational diabetes mellitus, stigma, discrimination, self-blame, guilt and shame, self-stigma, health care discrimination, social isolation, psychological well-being, dietary adherence, pregnant women
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
