The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effects of flipping the classroom on learning outcomes and satisfaction: A meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
In a flipped classroom, students study instructional material before class and apply this material during class. To provide a statistical synthesis of current research on effects of flipped classrooms, we conducted meta-analyses that included 114 studies which compared flipped and non-flipped classrooms in secondary and postsecondary education. We found a small positive effect on learning outcomes, but no effect was found on student satisfaction regarding the learning environment. In addition, we found considerable heterogeneity between studies. Moderator analyses showed that students in flipped classrooms achieve higher learning outcomes when the face-to-face class time was not reduced compared to non-flipped classrooms, or when quizzes were added in the flipped classrooms. We conclude that a flipping the classroom (FTC) approach is a promising pedagogical approach when appropriately designed. Our results provide insights into effective instructional FTC design characteristics that support an evidence-informed application of FTC.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Conducting Meta-Analyses in R with the metafor Package
Viechtbauer, W. (2010) · Journal of Statistical Software · doi:10.18637/jss.v036.i03 · Cited by 20,464
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1006/ceps.1999.1020 · Cited by 18,666
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2021) · doi:10.1002/9781119558378 · Cited by 9,799
Kirschner, P. A., Sweller, J., & Clark, R. E. (2006) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1207/s15326985ep4102_1 · Cited by 7,776
Distribution Theory for Glass's Estimator of Effect Size and Related Estimators
Hedges, L. V. (1981) · Journal of Educational Statistics · doi:10.2307/1164588 · Cited by 5,695
High agreement but low Kappa: I. the problems of two paradoxes
Feinstein, A. R., & Cicchetti, D. V. (1990) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(90)90158-l · Cited by 3,034
Outlier and influence diagnostics for meta-analysis
Viechtbauer, W., & Cheung, M. W.-L. (2010) · Research Synthesis Methods · doi:10.1002/jrsm.11 · Cited by 2,949 · cited 1×
“The average effect of assessed learning outcomes without the most influential study was g=0.35, p < .001, 95% CI [0.27, 0.43] I2= 86% (Viechtbauer & Cheung, 2010).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe use of flipped classrooms in higher education: A scoping review
O'Flaherty, J., & Phillips, C. (2015) · The Internet and Higher Education · doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2015.02.002 · Cited by 2,152
Estimating effect sizes from pretest-posttest-control group designs
Morris, S. B. (2008) · Organizational Research Methods · doi:10.1177/1094428106291059 · Cited by 2,133
Improved tests for a random effects meta‐regression with a single covariate
Knapp, G., & Hartung, J. (2003) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1482 · Cited by 2,075
Cited by
Facilitating student engagement through the flipped learning approach in K-12: A systematic review
Bond, M. (2020) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103819 · Cited by 380
Huang, Y.-M., Silitonga, L. M., & Wu, T.-T. (2022) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2022.104494 · Cited by 225
Tutal, Ö., & Yazar, T. (2021) · Asia Pacific Education Review · doi:10.1007/s12564-021-09706-9 · Cited by 57
Exploring the Effectiveness of Flipped Classroom on STEM Student Achievement: A Meta-analysis
Gong, J., Cai, S., & Cheng, M. (2024) · Technology, Knowledge and Learning · doi:10.1007/s10758-023-09700-7 · Cited by 42
Han, I., Ji, H., Jin, S., & Choi, K. (2026) · Journal of Computing in Higher Education · doi:10.1007/s12528-025-09434-8 · Cited by 24
Metadata
- Authors
- van Alten, D. C. D., Phielix, C., Janssen, J., & Kester, L.
- Venue
- Educational Research Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-11
- Volume
- 28
- Pages
- 100281
- ISSN
- 1747-938X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2947075461
- Cited by
- 546
- References
- 26
- FWCI
- 20.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Effects of flipping the classroom on learning outcomes and satisfaction: A meta-analysis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.edurev.2019.05.003
- The paper
- van Alten, D. C. D., Phielix, C., Janssen, J., & Kester, L. (2019). Effects of flipping the classroom on learning outcomes and satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Educational Research Review. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2019.05.003
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.