Cited by 127Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative DiseasesAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsEnzyme function and inhibition

Novel tacrine-tryptophan hybrids: Multi-target directed ligands as potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease

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Chalupova, Katarina, Korabecny, Jan, Bartolini, Manuela, Monti, Barbara, Lamba, Doriano, Caliandro, Rosanna, Pesaresi, Alessandro, Brazzolotto, Xavier +27 more·2019·European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry

Abstract

A combination of tacrine and tryptophan led to the development of a new family of heterodimers as multi-target agents with potential to treat Alzheimer's disease. Based on the in vitro biological profile, compound S-K1035 was found to be the most potent inhibitor of human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) and human butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE), demonstrating balanced IC 50 values of 6.3 and 9.1 nM, respectively. For all the tacrine-tryptophan heterodimers, favorable inhibitory effect on hAChE as well as on hBChE was coined to the optimal spacer length ranging from five to eight carbon atoms between these two pharmacophores. S-K1035 also showed good ability to inhibit Aβ 42 self-aggregation (58.6 ± 5.1% at 50 μM) as well as hAChE-induced Aβ 40 aggregation (48.3 ± 6.3% at 100 μM). The X-ray crystallographic analysis of TcAChE in complex with S-K1035 pinpointed the utility of the hybridization strategy applied and the structures determined with the two K1035 enantiomers in complex with hBChE could explain the higher inhibition potency of S-K1035. Other in vitro evaluations predicted the ability of S-K1035 to cross blood-brain barrier and to exert a moderate inhibition potency against neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Based on the initial promising biochemical data and a safer in vivo toxicity compared to tacrine, S-K1035 was administered to scopolamine-treated rats being able to dose-dependently revert amnesia.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.021

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Authors
Chalupova, K., Korabecny, J., Bartolini, M., Monti, B., Lamba, D., Caliandro, R., Pesaresi, A., Brazzolotto, X., Gastellier, A.-J., Nachon, F., Pejchal, J., Jarosova, M., Hepnarova, V., Jun, D., Hrabinova, M., Dolezal, R., Zdarova Karasova, J., Mzik, M., Kristofikova, Z., Misik, J., Muckova, L., Jost, P., Soukup, O., Benkova, M., Setnicka, V., Habartova, L., Chvojkova, M., Kleteckova, L., Vales, K., Mezeiova, E., Uliassi, E., Valis, M., Nepovimova, E., Bolognesi, M. L., & Kuca, K.
Affiliations
  • National Institute of Mental Health (CZ)
  • University of Bologna (IT)
  • AREA Science Park (IT)
  • Charles University (CZ)
  • University Hospital Hradec Králové (CZ)
Venue
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2019-04
Volume
168
Pages
491-514
ISSN
0223-5234 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2918272868
Cited by
118
References
109
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 8
FWCI
10.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
  • Ministry of Health of the Czech Republic (15-30954A)
  • University of Defence (17-05292S)
  • European Regional Development Fund (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_025/0007444)
  • the Direction Générale de l’Armement (DGA)
  • Service de Santé des Armées (SSA) (PDH-2-NRBC-3-C-3201)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Enzyme function and inhibition
Keywords
tacrine, tryptophan, heterodimer, multi-target-directed ligands, Alzheimer's disease, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, butyrylcholinesterase inhibition, amyloid-beta aggregation, spacer length, enantiomers, blood-brain barrier, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, amnesia, scopolamine-induced amnesia, tacrine derivatives
MeSH terms
Acetylcholinesterase, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Butyrylcholinesterase, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Humans, Ligands, Male, Structure-Activity Relationship, Tacrine, Tryptophan, Molecular Structure, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Rats, Wistar, Neuroprotective Agents, Maze Learning, Rats, Protein Aggregates

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