The DOI matches its Crossref record; 260 of the 262 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Insights into biochar and hydrochar production and applications: A review
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In the citing paper
“the ash content was the lowest in woody biochars (1.5-3.0%) and the highest in peanut shell biochars (7.0-12.0%)”
From Biochar physicochemical properties: pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind effects (2020) · cites this paper as Zhang et al. 2019
In the citing paper
“These components undergo a series of hydrolysis, isomerization, and dehydration to produce intermediates such as furfural and finally polymerization to produce hydrochar [41].”
From Hydrochar: A Review on Its Production Technologies and Applications (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
In the citing paper
“Li and Liu (2014) prepared a walnut shell-derived hydrochar, activated hydrochar, and prepared activated hydrochar on ZnO composites for the making of supercapacitors [41].The specific surface area of the activated hydrochar on ZnO and activated hydrochar exhibited 819 and 1073 m 2 /g, respectively.Compared to the activated hydrochar, activated hydrochar on ZnO composite showed 117.4 F/g of”
From Hydrochar: A Review on Its Production Technologies and Applications (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
In the citing paper
“The HTC process typically occurs at temperatures ranging from 180 to 250 • C and pressures between 2 and 6 MPa [30].”
From Algal-Based Carbonaceous Materials for Environmental Remediation: Advances in Wastewater Treatment, Carbon Sequestration, and Biofuel Applications (2025) · cites this paper as [30]
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
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Metadata
- Authors
- Zhang, Z., Zhu, Z., Shen, B., & Liu, L.
- Affiliations
- Hebei University of Technology (CN)
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology (CN)
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Corresponding author
- Shen, Boxiong
- Liu, Lina
- Venue
- Energy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-03
- Volume
- 171
- Pages
- 581-598
- ISSN
- 0360-5442 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2908878643
- Cited by
- 687
- References
- 262
- Citations by year
- 2026: 55 · 2025: 94 · 2024: 110 · 2023: 120 · 2022: 98 · 2021: 107 · 2020: 72 · 2019: 31
- FWCI
- 27.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Energy (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
- Funders
- Nation Natural Science Foundation of China (51808180)
- Hebei Province Department of Education (BJ2017032)
- Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (E2018202180)
- Key Project Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (18JCZDJC39800)
- Science and Technology Key Project of Tangshan (18PTZWHZ00010)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Fuel Technology › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Keywords
- biochar, hydrochar, biomass pyrolysis, thermochemical conversion, reaction mechanism, energy balance, economic feasibility, feedstock type, reaction temperature, adsorbents, catalyst precursors, soil amendment, anaerobic digestion, composting, electrochemical energy storage
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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