Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 579

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Carbon-isotope record of the Early Jurassic (Toarcian) Oceanic Anoxic Event from fossil wood and marine carbonate (Lusitanian Basin, Portugal)

Hesselbo, Stephen P., Jenkyns, Hugh C., Duarte, Luis V., Oliveira, Luiz C.V.·2007·Earth and Planetary Science Letters
DOI 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.11.009
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

TheToarcianOceanicAnoxicEvent(OAE)intheEarlyJurassic(∼183Maago)wascharacterizedbywidespreadnear-synchronous deposition of organic-rich shales in marine settings, as well as perturbations to several isotopic systems. Characteristically, two positive carbon-isotope excursions in a range of materials are separated by an abrupt negative shift. Carbon-isotope profiles from Toarcian fossil wood collected in England and Denmark have previously been shown to exhibit this large drop ( ∼− 7‰ )i nδ 13 C values, interpreted as due to an injection of isotopically light CO2 into the ocean–atmosphere system. However, the global nature of this excursion has been challengedonthebasisofcarbon-isotopedatafromnektonicmarinemolluscs(belemnites),whichexhibitheavierthanexpectedcarbonisotope values. Here we present new data, principally from fossil wood and bulk carbonate collected at centimetre scale from a hemipelagic section at Peniche, coastal Portugal. This section is low in organic carbon (average TOC= ∼0.5%), and the samples should not have suffered significant diagenetic contamination by organic carbon of marine origin. The carbon-isotope profile based on wood shows two positive excursions separated by a large and abrupt negative excursion, which parallels exactly the profile based on bulk carbonate samples from the same section, albeit with approximately twice the amplitude ( ∼− 8‰ in wood versus ∼− 3.5‰ in carbonate). These data indicate thatthe negative carbon-isotope excursion affected the atmosphereand,by implication,the global ocean as well. The difference in amplitude between terrestrial organic and marine carbonate curves can be explained by greater water availability in the terrestrial environment during the negative excursion, for which there is independent evidence from marine osmiumisotope records and, plausibly, changes in atmospheric CO2 content, for which independent evidence is also available. The Peniche succession is also notable for the occurrence of re-deposited sediments: their lowest occurrence coincides with the base of the negative excursionandtheirhighestoccurrencecoincideswithitstop.Thus,slopeinstabilityandsedimentsupplycouldhavebeenstronglylinked to the global environmental perturbation, an association that may misleadingly simulate the effects of sea-level fall.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.11.009

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 1 references

Research works printed but not linked: 81

  1. Jenkyns, 1988, The Early Toarcian (Jurassic) Anoxic Event: stratigraphic, sedimentary, and geochemical evidence, Am. J. Sci., 288, 101, 10.2475/ajs.288.2.101 · DOI · Paper page
  2. Jenkyns, 1997, Lower Jurassic epicontinental carbonates and mudstones from England and Wales: chemostratigraphic signals and the Early Toarcian anoxic event, Sedimentology, 44, 687, 10.1046/j.1365-3091.1997.d01-43.x · DOI · Paper page
  3. Jenkyns, 1985, The Early Toarcian and Cenomanian–Turonian Anoxic Events in Europe: comparisons and contrasts, Geol. Rundsch., 74, 505, 10.1007/BF01821208 · DOI · Paper page
  4. Jenkyns, 1986, Black shales and carbon isotopes in pelagic sediments from the Tethyan Lower Jurassic, Sedimentology, 33, 87, 10.1111/j.1365-3091.1986.tb00746.x · DOI · Paper page
  5. Hesselbo, 2000, Massive dissociation of gas hydrate during a Jurassic oceanic anoxic event, Nature, 406, 392, 10.1038/35019044 · DOI · Paper page
  6. McElwain, 2005, Changes in carbon dioxide during an oceanic anoxic event linked to intrusion into Gondwana coals, Nature, 435, 479, 10.1038/nature03618 · DOI · Paper page
  7. Jenkyns, 2003, Evidence for rapid climate change in the Mesozoic–Palaeogene greenhouse world, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A: Math. Phys. Sci., 361, 1885, 10.1098/rsta.2003.1240 · DOI · Paper page
  8. Kemp, 2005, Astronomical pacing of methane release in the Early Jurassic period, Nature, 437, 396, 10.1038/nature04037 · DOI · Paper page
  9. McArthur, 2000, Strontium isotope profile of the Early Toarcian (Jurassic) oceanic anoxic event, the duration of ammonite biozones, and belemnite palaeotemperatures, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 179, 269, 10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00111-4 · DOI · Paper page
  10. Cohen, 2004, Osmium isotope evidence for the regulation of atmospheric CO2 by continental weathering, Geology, 32, 157, 10.1130/G20158.1 · DOI · Paper page
  11. Rosales, 2004, Elemental and oxygen isotope composition of Early Jurassic belemnites: salinity vs. temperature signals, J. Sediment. Res., 74, 342, 10.1306/112603740342 · DOI
  12. Saelen, 1996, Stable-isotope analyses of belemnite rostra from the Whitby Mudstone Fm, England: surface water conditions during deposition of a marine black shale, Palaios, 11, 97, 10.2307/3515065 · DOI
  13. van de Schootbrugge, 2005, Toarcian oceanic anoxic event: an assessment of global causes using belemnite C isotope records, Paleoceanography, 20, A3008, 10.1029/2004PA001102 · DOI · Paper page
  14. Wignall, 2005, The timing of paleoenvironmental change and cause- and -effect relationships during the Early Jurassic mass extinction in Europe, Am. J. Sci., 305, 1014, 10.2475/ajs.305.10.1014 · DOI · Paper page
  15. Ando, 2003, Stratigraphic carbon isotope fluctuations of detrital woody materials during the Aptian Stage in Hokkaido, Japan: comprehensive δ13C data from four sections of the Ashibetsu area, J. Asian Earth Sci., 21, 835, 10.1016/S1367-9120(02)00112-8 · doi:10.1016/s1367-9120(02)00112-8
  16. Jahren, 2001, Terrestrial record of methane hydrate dissociation in the Early Cretaceous, Geology, 29, 159, 10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0159:TROMHD>2.0.CO;2 · DOI · Paper page
  17. Hasegawa, 1997, Cenomanian–Turonian carbon isotope events recorded in terrestrial organic matter from northern Japan, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 130, 251, 10.1016/S0031-0182(96)00129-0 · DOI · Paper page
  18. Hasegawa, 2003, Cretaceous terrestrial paleoenvironments of northeastern Asia suggested from carbon isotope stratigraphy: increased atmospheric pCO2-induced climate, J. Asian Earth Sci., 21, 849, 10.1016/S1367-9120(02)00109-8 · DOI
  19. Koch, 1992, Correlation between isotope records in marine and continental carbon reservoirs near the Paleocene–Eocene Boundary, Nature, 358, 319, 10.1038/358319a0 · DOI · Paper page
  20. Magioncalda, 2004, Paleocene–Eocene carbon isotope excursion in organic carbon and pedogenic carbonate: direct comparison in a continental stratigraphic section, Geology, 32, 553, 10.1130/G20476.1 · doi:10.1130/g20476.1
  21. Duarte, 1997, Facies analysis and sequential evolution of the Toarcian–Lower Aalenian series in the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal), Comun. Inst. Geol. Min. Lisboa, 83, 65
  22. Duarte, 2002, Litostratigrafia das séries calcárias Jurássico Lusitânica, Comun. Inst. Geol. Min. Lisboa, 89, 135
  23. Mouterde, 1955, Le Lias de Peniche, Comun. Serv. Geol. Port., 36, 87
  24. Elmi, 1989, Correlaciones bioestratigraficas en el Toarciense de la Peninsula Iberica, Cuad. Geol. Iber., 13, 265
  25. Jenkyns, 2002, Chemostratigraphy of the Jurassic System: applications, limitations and implications for palaeoceanography, J. Geol. Soc., 159, 351, 10.1144/0016-764901-130 · DOI · Paper page
  26. Macchioni, 2002, Biodiversity and biogeography of middle-late Liassic ammonoids: implications for the Early Toarcian mass extinction, Geobios Mém. Spec., 24, 165, 10.1016/S0016-6995(02)00057-8 · DOI
  27. Page, 2004, A sequence of biohorizons for the Subboreal province Lower Toarcian in northern Britain and their correlation with a Submediterranean Standard, Riv. Ital. Paleontol. Stratigr., 110, 109
  28. Page, 2003, vol. 1, 23
  29. Maillot, 2006, The Early Toarcian anoxia, a synchronous event in western Tethys? An approach by quantitative biochronology (Unitary Associations), applied to calcareous nannofossils, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 240, 562, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.02.016 · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2006.02.016
  30. Bown, 1987, Taxonomy, evolution, and biostratigraphy of Late Triassic–Early Jurassic calcareous nannofossils, Spec. Pap. Palaeontol., 38
  31. Mattioli, 2004, Phytoplankton evidence for the timing and correlation of palaeoceanographical changes during the Early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (Early Jurassic), J. Geol. Soc., 161, 685, 10.1144/0016-764903-074 · doi:10.1144/0016-764903-074
  32. Perilli, 2006, Toarcian nannobiohorizons from the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal) and their calibration against ammonite zones, Riv. Ital. Paleontol. Stratigr., 112, 417
  33. D.N. Parkinson, The sequence stratigraphy of the Lower Jurassic of Western Europe, D. Phil., University of Oxford, 1994.
  34. D.R. Gröcke, Isotope stratigraphy and ocean–atmosphere interactions in the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, D. Phil., University of Oxford, 2001.
  35. Jones, 1994, Strontium isotopes in Early Jurassic seawater, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 58, 1285, 10.1016/0016-7037(94)90382-4 · DOI
  36. Wright, 1984, A carbonate submarine-fan sequence from the Jurassic of Portugal, J. Sediment. Petrol., 54, 394
  37. Tremolada, 2005, Early Jurassic schizosphaerellid crisis in Cantabria, Spain: implications for calcification rates and phytoplankton evolution across the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event, Paleoceanography, 20, A201, 10.1029/2004PA001120 · DOI
  38. Gröcke, 1999, Carbon-isotope composition of Lower Cretaceous fossil wood: ocean–atmosphere chemistry and relation to sea-level change, Geology, 27, 155, 10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0155:CICOLC>2.3.CO;2 · DOI · Paper page
  39. Hesselbo, 2002, Terrestrial and marine extinction at the Triassic–Jurassic boundary synchronized with major carbon-cycle perturbation: a link to initiation of massive volcanism?, Geology, 30, 251, 10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0251:TAMEAT>2.0.CO;2 · doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0251:tameat>2.0.co;2
  40. Hesselbo, 2003, Carbon-cycle perturbation in the Middle Jurassic and accompanying changes in the terrestrial paleoenvironment, J. Geol., 111, 259, 10.1086/373968 · DOI
  41. Robinson, 2004, Fossil-wood carbon-isotope stratigraphy of the non-marine Wealden Group (Lower Cretaceous, southern England), J. Geol. Soc., 161, 133, 10.1144/0016-764903-004 · DOI
  42. Howarth, 1962, The Jet Rock Series and the Alum Shale Series of the Yorkshire Coast, Proc. Yorks. Geol. Soc., 33, 381, 10.1144/pygs.33.4.381 · DOI
  43. Bjerrum, 2001, Numerical paleoceanographic study of the Early Jurassic transcontinental Laurasian Seaway, Paleoceanography, 16, 390, 10.1029/2000PA000512 · DOI · Paper page
  44. Bowden, 2006, Compositional differences in biomarker constituents of the hydrocarbon, resin, asphaltene and kerogen fractions: an example from the Jet Rock (Yorkshire, UK), Org. Geochem., 37, 369, 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.08.024 · DOI
  45. Schouten, 2000, Effects of an oceanic anoxic event on the stable carbon isotopic composition of Early Toarcian carbon, Am. J. Sci., 300, 1, 10.2475/ajs.300.1.1 · DOI · Paper page
  46. Pancost, 2004, Further evidence for the development of photic-zone euxinic conditions during Mesozoic oceanic anoxic events, J. Geol. Soc. Lond., 161, 353, 10.1144/0016764903-059 · DOI · Paper page
  47. Watts, 1997, Kimmeridge jet— a potential new source for British jet, Archaeometry, 39, 125, 10.1111/j.1475-4754.1997.tb00793.x · doi:10.1111/j.1475-4754.1997.tb00793.x
  48. Watts, 1999, The organic geochemistry of jet: pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GCMS) applied to identifying jet and similar black lithic materials— preliminary results, J. Archaeol. Sci., 26, 923, 10.1006/jasc.1999.0401 · doi:10.1006/jasc.1999.0401
  49. Arens, 2000, Can C3 plants faithfully record the carbon isotopic composition of atmospheric carbon dioxide?, Paleobiology, 26, 137, 10.1666/0094-8373(2000)026<0137:CCPFRT>2.0.CO;2 · DOI · Paper page
  50. Poole, 2004, Molecular isotopic heterogeneity of fossil organic matter: implications for δ13Cbiomass and δ13Cpalaeoatmosphere proxies, Org. Geochem., 35, 1261, 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2004.05.014 · doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2004.05.014
  51. van Bergen, 2002, Stable carbon isotopes of wood: a clue to palaeoclimate?, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 182, 31, 10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00451-5 · DOI
  52. Jenkyns, 2001, Nitrogen isotope evidence for water mass denitrification during the Early Toarcian (Jurassic) Oceanic Anoxic Event, Paleoceanography, 16, 593, 10.1029/2000PA000558 · DOI · Paper page
  53. Duarte, 2004, Lower to Middle Toarcian from the Coimbra region (Lusitanian Basin, Portugal): sequence stratigraphy, calcareous nannofossils and stable isotope evolution, Riv. Ital. Paleontol. Stratigr., 110, 115
  54. Koppelhus, 1994, Palynostratigraphy and palaeoenvironments of the Lower to Middle Jurassic Bagå Formation of Bornholm, Denmark, Palynology, 18, 139, 10.1080/01916122.1994.9989443 · doi:10.1080/01916122.1994.9989443
  55. Gahr, 2005, Response of Lower Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) macrobenthos of the Iberian Peninsula to sea level changes and mass extinction, J. Iber. Geol., 31, 197
  56. Hallam, 1981, A revised sea-level curve for the Early Jurassic, J. Geol. Soc. Lond., 138, 735, 10.1144/gsjgs.138.6.0735 · DOI
  57. Posamentier, 1988, Eustatic controls on clastic deposition I — conceptual framework, vol. 42, 107
  58. Ito, 2001, Temporal variation in the wavelength of hummocky cross-stratification: implications for storm intensity through Mesozoic and Cenozoic, Geology, 29, 87, 10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0087:TVITWO>2.0.CO;2 · doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0087:tvitwo>2.0.co;2
  59. Crouch, 2003, The Apectodinium acme and terrestrial discharge during the Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum: new palynological, geochemical and calcareous nannoplankton observations at Tawanui, New Zealand, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 194, 387, 10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00334-1 · DOI · Paper page
  60. Bowen, 2004, A humid climate state during the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum, Nature, 432, 495, 10.1038/nature03115 · DOI · Paper page
  61. Egger, 2005, Early Eocene climatic, volcanic, and biotic events in the northwestern Tethyan Untersberg section, Austria, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 217, 243, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.12.006 · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.12.006
  62. Gröcke, 2002, The carbon isotope composition of ancient CO2 based on higher-plant organic matter, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A: Math. Phys. Sci., 360, 633, 10.1098/rsta.2001.0965 · DOI
  63. Pagani, 2006, Expedition 302 Scientists, Arctic hydrology during global warming at the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum, Nature, 442, 671, 10.1038/nature05043 · DOI · Paper page
  64. Arthur, 1988, Geochemical and climatic effects of increased marine organic carbon burial at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary, Nature, 335, 714, 10.1038/335714a0 · DOI · Paper page
  65. Freeman, 1992, Fractionation of carbon isotopes by phytoplankton and estimates of ancient CO2 levels, Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, 6, 185, 10.1029/92GB00190 · DOI · Paper page
  66. Nguyen Tu, 2004, Leaf carbon isotope composition of fossil and extant oaks grown under differing atmospheric CO2 levels, Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol., 212, 199, 10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.05.023 · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2004.05.023
  67. Freyer, 1983, 13C/12C records in northern hemispheric trees during the past 500 years— anthropogenic impact and climatic super-positions, J. Geophys. Res. Ocean Atmos., 88, 6844, 10.1029/JC088iC11p06844 · DOI · Paper page
  68. February, 1999, Declining trend in the 13C/12C ratio of atmospheric carbon dioxide from tree rings of South African Widdringtonia cedarbergensis, Quat. Res., 52, 229, 10.1006/qres.1999.2057 · DOI
  69. McCarroll, 2004, Stable isotopes in tree rings, Quat. Sci. Rev., 23, 771, 10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.06.017 · DOI · Paper page
  70. Leavitt, 1991, Seasonal stable-carbon isotope variability in tree rings— possible paleoenvironmental signals, Chem. Geol., 87, 59
  71. Livingston, 1996, Carbon isotope fractionation in tree ring early and late wood in relation to intra-growing season water balance, Plant Cell Environ., 19, 768, 10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00413.x · DOI
  72. Li, 2005, Influence of earlywood–latewood size and isotope differences on long-term tree-ring δ13C trends, Chem. Geol., 216, 191, 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.11.007 · DOI
  73. Brodribb, 1996, Dynamics of changing intercellular CO2 concentration (ci) during drought and determination of minimum functional ci, Plant Physiol., 111, 179, 10.1104/pp.111.1.179 · DOI · Paper page
  74. Buchmann, 2002, Predicting daytime carbon isotope ratios of atmospheric CO2 within forest canopies, Funct. Ecol., 16, 49, 10.1046/j.0269-8463.2001.00591.x · DOI
  75. Morgans, 1999, The seasonal climate of the Early–Middle Jurassic, Cleveland Basin, England, Palaios, 14, 261, 10.2307/3515438 · DOI
  76. Philipe, 1996, Distribution and palaeoecology of the Mesozoic wood genus Xenoxylon: palaeoclimatological implications for the Jurassic of Western Europe, Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., 91, 353, 10.1016/0034-6667(95)00067-4 · DOI
  77. Kemp, 2006, Methane release in the Early Jurassic period, Nature, 441, E5, 10.1038/nature04906 · DOI
  78. Rexfort, 2006, Stable isotope records from Sepia officinalis—a key to understanding the ecology of belemnites?, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 247, 212, 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.04.025 · DOI
  79. Elmi, 1994, L'Étage Toarcien de L'Europe et de la Téthys; divisions et corrélations, vol. 17
  80. Howarth, 1992, The ammonite family Hildoceratidae in the Lower Jurassic of Britain. Part 1., Monogr. Palaeontogr. Soc., 1
  81. Bucefalo-Palliani, 2002, The response of marine phytoplankton and sedimentary organic matter to the Early Toarcian (Lower Jurassic) oceanic anoxic event in northern England, Mar. Micropaleontol., 46, 223, 10.1016/S0377-8398(02)00064-6 · doi:10.1016/s0377-8398(02)00064-6

Cited by

See all 579

Metadata

Authors
Hesselbo, S. P., Jenkyns, H. C., Duarte, L. V., & Oliveira, L. C. V.
Venue
Earth and Planetary Science Letters
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2007-01
Volume
253
Issue
3-4
Pages
455-470
ISSN
0012-821X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.epsl.2006.11.009
OpenAlex
W2075532353
Cited by
579
References
1
FWCI
14.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Carbon-isotope record of the Early Jurassic (Toarcian) Oceanic Anoxic Event from fossil wood and marine carbonate (Lusitanian Basin, Portugal). https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.11.009
The paper
Hesselbo, S. P., Jenkyns, H. C., Duarte, L. V., & Oliveira, L. C. V. (2007). Carbon-isotope record of the Early Jurassic (Toarcian) Oceanic Anoxic Event from fossil wood and marine carbonate (Lusitanian Basin, Portugal). Earth and Planetary Science Letters. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2006.11.009

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.