The chromium isotopic composition of seawater and marine carbonates
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Chromium isotopes are fractionated during redox reactions and have the potential to provide a record of changes in the oxygenation levels of the oceans in the geological past. However, Cr is a trace metal in seawater and its low concentrations make isotopic measurements challenging. Here we report the first determinations of δCr53 for seawater from open ocean (Argentine Basin) and coastal (Southampton Water) settings, using a double-spike technique. The total chromium concentration in seawater from Southampton Water is 1.85 nM, whereas the Cr content of Argentine Basin samples is 5.8–6.6 nM. The δCr53 value of seawater from the Argentine Basin is 0.491–0.556‰ in intermediate and deep waters, and varies between 0.412 and 0.664‰ in surface waters (<150 m). The δCr53 value of Southampton Water seawater is 1.505‰, which may reflect in situ reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). All of our seawater samples have higher δCr53 than crustal and mantle silicates, and mass balance modelling demonstrates that river water must also be enriched in heavy Cr isotopes, indicating that Cr isotopes are fractionated during weathering and/or during transport to the oceans. We also show that the Cr isotopic composition of modern non-skeletal marine carbonates (0.640– 0.745‰) encompasses the range that we measure for Argentine Basin seawater. Thus, fractionation of Cr isotopes during precipitation of these marine carbonates is likely to be small (<0.2‰), and they have the potential to provide a record of the Cr isotopic composition of ancient seawater. Phanerozoic carbonates are also characterised by heavy δCr53 and a correlation between δCr53 and Ce/Ce⁎ suggests that the Cr and Ce cycles in the ocean are linked.
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The riverine Cr flux to the oceans is isotopically heavy relative to upper continental crust, based on experiments and δ53Cr data from South American rivers, Indian river waters, and global seawater.
“Heavy-isotope ( 53 Cr) enrichment of the riverine Cr flux to the oceans relative to upper continental crust (UCC) is indicated both by experimental results and by empirical δ 53 Cr data from”
From The chromium isotope composition of reducing and oxic marine sediments (2016) · cites this paper as Bonnand et al., 2013
Carbonates and oxic siliciclastic sediments make up a relatively small part of the oceanic Cr sink, and their Cr isotope compositions are not expected to be strongly fractionated relative to the oceanic pool.
“carbonates and oxic siliciclastic sediments are thought to account for a relatively small fraction of the Cr sink flux in the oceanic Cr budget, and the Cr isotope compositions of these facies are not expected to be strongly fractionated relative to the oceanic pool”
From The chromium isotope composition of reducing and oxic marine sediments (2016) · cites this paper as Bonnand et al., 2013
The average Peru Margin δ53Cr values are similar to deep Atlantic and Pacific seawater values.
“despite being similar to deep Atlantic and Pacific seawater and strikingly invariant”
From The chromium isotope composition of reducing and oxic marine sediments (2016) · cites this paper as Bonnand et al., 2013
Cariaco Basin core-top samples exhibit a range of bulk sediment δ53Cr values, with some as heavy as Atlantic seawater values and others comparatively lighter.
“The Cariaco Basin core-top samples exhibit a range of bulk sediment δ 53 Cr values, with some as heavy as Atlantic seawater values (Bonnand et al., 2013) and others comparatively lighter (e.g., samples 4 and 7 in Fig. 5).”
From The chromium isotope composition of reducing and oxic marine sediments (2016) · cites this paper as Bonnand et al., 2013
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- Authors
- Bonnand, P., James, R. H., Parkinson, I. J., Connelly, D. P., & Fairchild, I. J.
- Affiliations
- The Open University (GB)
- National Oceanography Centre (GB)
- University of Birmingham (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Bonnand, P.
- Venue
- Earth and Planetary Science Letters
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-11
- Volume
- 382
- Pages
- 10-20
- ISSN
- 0012-821X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2066760610
- Cited by
- 177
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 7.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Earth and Planetary Science Letters (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (publishedVersion)
- NERC Open Research Archive (Natural Environment Research Council) (acceptedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
- University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Open University
- Philip Leverhulme Prize (PLP/2006/0050)
- RHJ
- NERC (NE/H006443/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Keywords
- chromium isotopes, seawater, marine carbonates, ocean oxygenation, hexavalent chromium reduction, weathering, mass balance model, Argentine Basin, Southampton Water
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