Drug dependence and the endogenous opioid system
Abstract
The discovery of endogenous opioids has markedly influenced the research on the biology of drug dependence. Evidence has been presented that these brain substances are self-administered by laboratory animals. This finding, among others, has led to the hypothesis that endogenous opioids are involved in reinforcing habits, including dependence on drugs of abuse. The course of drug dependence is presented as a continuum from no drug use via controlled use to an actual dependence on the drug. Specific brain opioid systems belonging to four conceptualized brain circuits are described to be involved during the different phases of the drug dependence continuum. More recent research to delineate the role of endogenous opioid systems in drug dependence has focussed on genetic research in humans and animals. Among others, the findings obtained from studies of opioid receptor and opioid peptide precursor knockout mice provided further support for a role of endogenous opioid systems in drug dependence, in agreement with previous pharmacological studies.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Opioids are involved in every stage of the addiction process, including initiation, maintenance, withdrawal, and relapse.
“Opioids are involved in every stage of the addiction process, including initiation, maintenance, withdrawal, and relapse (Gerrits et al 2003).”
From The behavioral, anatomical and pharmacological parallels between social attachment, love and addiction (2012) · cites this paper as Gerrits et al 2003
Cites
The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction
Robinson, T. (1993) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(93)90013-p · Cited by 7,346 · see citing works
Skinner, B. F., & Hull, C. L. (1944) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1416955 · Cited by 4,061 · see citing works
Identification of two related pentapeptides from the brain with potent opiate agonist activity
Hughes, J., Smith, T. W., Kosterlitz, H. W., Fothergill, L. A., Morgan, B. A., & Morris, H. R. (1975) · Nature · doi:10.1038/258577a0 · Cited by 3,806 · see citing works
Skinner, B. F. (1938) · Cited by 3,184 · see citing works
Drug Addiction, Dysregulation of Reward, and Allostasis
Koob, G. (2001) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(00)00195-0 · Cited by 2,953 · see citing works
Endogenous opioid peptides: multiple agonists and receptors
Lord, J. A. H., Waterfield, A. A., Hughes, J., & Kosterlitz, H. W. (1977) · Nature · doi:10.1038/267495a0 · Cited by 2,485 · see citing works
Opiate Receptor: Demonstration in Nervous Tissue
Pert, C. B., & Snyder, S. H. (1973) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.179.4077.1011 · Cited by 2,389 · see citing works
Wise, R. A., & Rompre, P.-P. (1989) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.40.020189.001203 · Cited by 1,968 · see citing works
Isolation and structure of the endogenous agonist of opioid receptor-like ORL1 receptor
Meunier, J., Mollereau, C., Toll, L., Suaudeau, C., Moisand, C., Alvinerie, P., Butour, J., Guillemot, J.-C., Ferrara, P., Monsarrat, B., et al. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/377532a0 · Cited by 1,915 · see citing works
Orphanin FQ: A Neuropeptide That Activates an Opioidlike G Protein-Coupled Receptor
Reinscheid, R. K., Nothacker, H., Bourson, A., Ardati, A., Henningsen, R. A., Bunzow, J. R., Grandy, D. K., Langen, H., Monsma, F. J., & Civelli, O. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.270.5237.792 · Cited by 1,824 · see citing works
Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA for bovine corticotropin-β-lipotropin precursor
Nakanishi, S., Inoue, A., Kita, T., Inoue, A., Nakamura, M., Chang, A. C. Y., Cohen, S. N., & Numa, S. (1979) · Nature · doi:10.1038/278423a0 · Cited by 1,760 · see citing works
Matthes, H. W. D., Maldonado, R., Simonin, F., Valverde, O., Slowe, S., Kitchen, I., Befort, K., Dierich, A., Le Meur, M., Dollé, P., et al. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/383819a0 · Cited by 1,722 · see citing works
Opioids excite dopamine neurons by hyperpolarization of local interneurons
Johnson, S., & North, R. (1992) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.12-02-00483.1992 · Cited by 1,637 · see citing works
A potent and selective endogenous agonist for the µ-opiate receptor
Zadina, J. E., Hackler, L., Ge, L.-J., & Kastin, A. J. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/386499a0 · Cited by 1,309 · see citing works
Endogenous Opioids: Biology and Function
Akil, H., Watson, S. J., Young, E. A., Lewis, M. E., Khachaturian, H., & Walker, J. M. (1984) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.07.030184.001255 · Cited by 1,224 · see citing works
Cloning of a Delta Opioid Receptor by Functional Expression
Evans, C. J., Keith, D. E., Morrison, H., Magendzo, K., & Edwards, R. H. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1335167 · Cited by 1,206 · see citing works
ORL1, a novel member of the opioid receptor family
Mollereau, C., Parmentier, M., Mailleux, P., Butour, J., Moisand, C., Chalon, P., Caput, D., Vassart, G., & Meunier, J. (1994) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(94)80235-1 · Cited by 1,079 · see citing works
Bond, C. E., LaForge, K. S., Tian, M., Melia, D., Zhang, S., Borg, L., Gong, J., Schluger, J. H., Strong, J. A., Leal, S. M., et al. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.16.9608 · Cited by 1,072 · see citing works
Stereospecific Binding of the Potent Narcotic Analgesic [ 3 H]Etorphine to Rat-Brain Homogenate
Simon, E. J., Hiller, J. M., & Edelman, I. (1973) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.70.7.1947 · Cited by 1,070 · see citing works
Stewart, J., de Wit, H., & Eikelboom, R. (1984) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037//0033-295x.91.2.251 · Cited by 1,064 · see citing works
Stewart, J., de Wit, H., & Eikelboom, R. (1984) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.91.2.251 · Cited by 1,062 · see citing works
Kieffer, B. L., Befort, K., Gavériaux‐Ruff, C., & HIRTH, C. G. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.24.12048 · Cited by 994 · see citing works
Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for bovine adrenal preproenkephalin
Noda, M., Furutani, Y., Takahashi, H., Toyosato, M., Hirose, T., Inayama, S., Nakanishi, S., & Numa, S. (1982) · Nature · doi:10.1038/295202a0 · Cited by 934 · see citing works
Dynorphin-(1-13), an extraordinarily potent opioid peptide.
Goldstein, A., Tachibana, S., Lowney, L. I., Hunkapiller, M., & Hood, L. (1979) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.76.12.6666 · Cited by 882 · see citing works
Neurobiology of relapse to heroin and cocaine seeking: a review
Shalev, U., Grimm, J. W., & Shaham, Y. (2002) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.54.1.1 · Cited by 880 · see citing works
The neuropsychological basis of addictive behaviour
Everitt, B. J., Dickinson, A., & Robbins, T. W. (2001) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(01)00088-1 · Cited by 808 · see citing works
Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for porcine β-neo-endorphin/dynorphin precursor
Kakidani, H., Furutani, Y., Takahashi, H., Noda, M., Morimoto, Y., Hirose, T., Asai, M., Inayama, S., Nakanishi, S., & Numa, S. (1982) · Nature · doi:10.1038/298245a0 · Cited by 783 · see citing works
Tsuang, M. T., Lyons, M. J., Meyer, J. M., Doyle, T., Eisen, S. A., Goldberg, J., True, W., Lin, N., Toomey, R., & Eaves, L. (1998) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.11.967 · Cited by 710 · see citing works
Antagonism of Stimulation-Produced Analgesia by Naloxone, a Narcotic Antagonist
Akil, H., Mayer, D. J., & Liebeskind, J. C. (1976) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1251210 · Cited by 671 · see citing works
Terenius, L. Y. (1973) · Acta Pharmacologica et Toxicologica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1973.tb01477.x · Cited by 660 · see citing works
The role of dopamine in drug abuse viewed from the perspective of its role in motivation
Chiara, G. D. (1995) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/0376-8716(95)01118-i · Cited by 624 · see citing works
Bolles, R. C. (1967) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 610 · see citing works
Markou, A., Weiss, F., Gold, L. H., Caine, S. B., Schulteis, G., & Koob, G. F. (1993) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02244907 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
C fragment of lipotropin has a high affinity for brain opiate receptors
BRADBURY, A. F., SMYTH, D. G., SNELL, C. R., BIRDSALL, N. J. M., & HULME, E. C. (1976) · Nature · doi:10.1038/260793a0 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Enkephalin may mediate euphoria and drive-reduction reward
Belluzzi, J. D., & Stein, L. (1977) · Nature · doi:10.1038/266556a0 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Anatomy of the CNS opioid systems
Khachaturian, H., Lewis, M. E., Schäfer, M. K.-H., & Watson, S. J. (1985) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(85)90048-7 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Goldstein, A., Lowney, L. I., & Pal, B. K. (1971) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.68.8.1742 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
cDNA cloning and regional distribution of a novel member of the opioid receptor family
Fukuda, K., Kato, S., Mori, K., Nishi, M., Takeshima, H., Iwabe, N., Miyata, T., Houtani, T., & Sugimoto, T. (1994) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(94)80603-9 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
D, A. G. M., Fischli, W., Lowney, L. I., Hunkapiller, M. W., & Hood, L. (1981) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.78.11.7219 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Alteration of ethanol self-administration by naltrexone
Altshuler, H. L., Phillips, P. E., & Feinhandler, D. A. (1980) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(80)90257-x · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Molecular biology of opioid receptors
Reisine, T., & Bell, G. I. (1993) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(93)90194-q · Cited by 361 · see citing works
μ Opioid receptor knockout in mice: effects on ligand-induced analgesia and morphine lethality
Loh, H. H., Liu, H.-C., Cavalli, A., Yang, W., Chen, Y.-F., & Wei, L. (1998) · Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0169-328x(97)00353-7 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Schuller, A. G., King, M. A., Zhang, J., Bolan, E. A., Pan, Y., Morgan, D. J., Chang, A., Czick, M. E., Unterwald, E. M., Pasternak, G. W., et al. (1999) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/5706 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
mu-Opioid receptor knockout mice do not self-administer alcohol.
Roberts, A. J., McDonald, J. S., Heyser, C. J., Kieffer, B. L., Matthes, H. W. D., Koob, G. F., & Gold, L. H. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Opioids, Reward and Addiction: An Encounter of Biology, Psychology, and Medicine
van Ree, J. M., Gerrits, M. A. F. M., & Vanderschuren, L. J. M. J. (1999) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0031-6997(24)01405-4 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Self-citationFacilitation de r�actions nociceptives par la naloxone chez la souris et chez le rat
Jacob, J., Tremblay, E. C., & Colombel, M.-C. (1974) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00421535 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
In Vitro Models in the Study of Structure-Activity Relationships of Narcotic Analgesics
Kosterlitz, H. W., & Waterfield, A. A. (1975) · Annual Review of Pharmacology · doi:10.1146/annurev.pa.15.040175.000333 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Naloxone alters pain perception and somatosensory evoked potentials in normal subjects
Buchsbaum, M. S., Davis, G. C., & Bunney, W. E. (1977) · Nature · doi:10.1038/270620a0 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
An opiate-receptor gene family reunion
Uhl, G. R., Childers, S. R., & Pasternak, G. W. (1994) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(94)90110-4 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Motivational Effects of Cannabinoids Are Mediated by μ-Opioid and κ-Opioid Receptors
Ghozland, S. G., Matthes, H. W. D., Simonin, F., Filliol, D., Kieffer, B. L., & Maldonado, R. J. (2002) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-03-01146.2002 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Molecular Cloning of a Novel G Protein‐Coupled Receptor Related to the Opiate Receptor Family
Lachowicz, J. E., Shen, Y., Monsma, F. J., & Sibley, D. R. (1995) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64010034.x · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Wand, G. S. (2002) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(01)00294-9 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Self-administration of methionine enkephalin into the nucleus accumbens
Goeders, N. E., Lane, J. D., & Smith, J. E. (1984) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(84)90284-3 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Molecular biology and pharmacology of cloned opioid receptors 1
Knapp, R. J., Malatyńska, E., Collins, N., Fang, L., Wang, J. Y., Hruby, V. J., Roeske, W. R., & Yamamura, H. I. (1995) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.9.7.7737460 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Berrendero, F., Kieffer, B. L., & Maldonado, R. J. (2002) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-24-10935.2002 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Ethanol consumption and reward are decreased in µ-opiate receptor knockout mice
Hall, F. S., Sora, I., & Uhl, G. R. (2001) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130000622 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Morphine and naloxone modulate intake of ethanol
Reid, L. D., & Hunter, G. A. (1984) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/0741-8329(84)90033-8 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Intravenous self-administration of drugs in rats.
van Ree, J. M., Slangen, J. L., & de Wied, D. (1978) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)31172-9 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Altered Hematopoiesis, Behavior, and Sexual Function in μ Opioid Receptor–deficient Mice
Tian, M., Broxmeyer, H. E., Fan, Y., Lai, Z., Zhang, S., Aronica, S. M., Cooper, S. H., Bigsby, R. M., Steinmetz, R. W., Engle, S. J., et al. (1997) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.185.8.1517 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Increased Ethanol Self‐Administration in δ‐Opioid Receptor Knockout Mice
Roberts, A. J., Gold, L. H., Polis, I. Y., McDonald, J. S., Filliol, D., Kieffer, B. L., & Koob, G. F. (2001) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02344.x · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Kornet, M., Goosen, C., & van Ree, J. M. (1991) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02246038 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Opioid receptor and peptide gene polymorphisms: potential implications for addictions
LaForge, K. S., Yuferov, V. P., & Kreek, M. J. (2000) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(00)00819-0 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Morphine addiction in chimpanzees.
Spragg, S. D. S. (1940) · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Association between mu opioid receptor gene polymorphisms and Chinese heroin addicts
Szeto, C. Y.-K., Tang, N. L. S., Lee, D. T. S., & Stadlin, A. (2001) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200105080-00011 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Absence of Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Dysphoric Effects in Dynorphin-Deficient Mice
Zimmer, A., Valjent, E., König, M., Zimmer, A. M., Robledo, P., Hahn, H., Valverde, O., & Maldonado, R. J. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-23-09499.2001 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Morphine self-administration in µ-opioid receptor-deficient mice
Becker, A., Grecksch, G., Brödemann, R., Kraus, J., Peters, B., Schröeder, H., Thiemann, W., Loh, H. H., & Höllt, V. (2000) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002100000244 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Ramsey, N. F., & van Ree, J. M. (1993) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)91461-z · Cited by 134 · see citing works
De Vry, J., Donselaar, I., & Van Ree, J. M. (1989) · The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)20871-0 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
The μ-opioid receptor is necessary for [d-Pen2,d-Pen5]enkephalin-induced analgesia
Sora, I., Funada, M., & Uhl, G. R. (1997) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(97)10016-4 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Drug Interaction in the Field of Analgesic Drugs
Lasagna, L. C. (1965) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/003591576505811p207 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
The concept of craving and its measurement
Rankin, H. J., HODGSON, R. J., & Stockwell, T. R. (1979) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(79)90010-x · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Kuzmin, A. V., Semenova, S., Gerrits, M. A. F. M., Zvartau, E. E., & van Ree, J. M. (1997) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(96)00961-2 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citationRewarding effects of ethanol and cocaine in µ opioid receptor-deficient mice
Becker, A., Grecksch, G., Kraus, J., Loh, H. H., Schröeder, H., & Höllt, V. (2002) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-002-0533-2 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Reinforcement processes in opiate addiction: A homeostatic model
Schulteis, G., & Koob, G. F. (1996) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/bf02532385 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
van Ree, J. M., Smyth, D. G., & Colpaert, F. C. (1979) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(79)90170-x · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Grisel, J. E., Mogil, J. S., Grahame, N. J., Rubinstein, M., Belknap, J. K., Crabbe, J. C., & Low, M. J. (1999) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01384-0 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
The dopamine hypothesis of opiate reward challenged
van Ree, J. M., & Ramsey, N. F. (1987) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(87)90172-5 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Lack of reward and locomotor stimulation induced by heroin in μ-opioid receptor-deficient mice
Contarino, A., Picetti, R., Matthes, H. W. D., Koob, G. F., Kieffer, B. L., & Gold, L. H. (2002) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(02)01812-5 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Gerrits, M. A. F. M., van Ree, J. M., Patkina, N. A., & Zvartau, E. E. (1995) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02246059 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationden Berg, C. L. V., van Ree, J. M., Spruijt, B. M., & Kitchen, I. (1999) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00717.x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Gerrits, M. A. F. M., Petromilli, P., Westenberg, H. G. M., Chiara, G. D., & van Ree, J. M. (2002) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(01)03105-5 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationNaloxone inhibits the reinforcing and motivational aspects of cocaine addiction in mice
Kuzmin, A. V., Gerrits, M. A. F. M., van Ree, J. M., & Zvartau, E. E. (1997) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0024-3205(97)00130-6 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationPrenatal exposure to morphine enhances cocaine and heroin self-administration in drug-naive rats
Ramsey, N. F. (1993) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/0376-8716(93)90032-l · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Lack of dependence and rewarding effects of deltorphin II in mu-opioid receptor-deficient mice
Hutcheson, D. M., Matthes, H. W. D., Valjent, E., Sánchez‐Blázquez, P., Rodríguez‐Díaz, M., Garzón, J., Kieffer, B. L., & Maldonado, R. J. (2001) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2001.01363.x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Addiction Pharmacotherapy 2000: New Options, New Challenges
Rawson, R. A., McCann, M., Hasson, A. L., & Ling, W. W. (2000) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2000.10400238 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Ramsey, N. F., Gerrits, M. A. F. M., & van Ree, J. M. (1999) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0924-977x(98)00009-1 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationKuzmin, A. V., Semenova, S., Zvartau, E. E., & van Ree, J. M. (1996) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/0924-977x(95)00066-x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Gerrits, M. A. F. M., Wiegant, V. M., & van Ree, J. M. (1999) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00336-4 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationEthanol consumption patterns and conditioned place preference in mice lacking preproenkephalin
Koenig, H. N., & Olive, M. F. (2002) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00242-2 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Sweep, F. C. G. J., van Ree, J. M., & Wiegant, V. M. (1988) · Neuropeptides · doi:10.1016/0143-4179(88)90060-1 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
den Berg, C. L. V., Kitchen, I., Gerrits, M. A. F. M., Spruijt, B. M., & van Ree, J. M. (1999) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01330-x · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationSweep, F. C. G. J., & Wiegant, V. M. (1989) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/0006-291x(89)91584-2 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Kuzmin, A. V., Gerrits, M. A. F. M., Zvartau, E. E., & van Ree, J. M. (2000) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0924-977x(00)00117-6 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationThe suppression of ethanol self injection by buprenorphine
Martin, A. G., Pilotto, R., Singer, G. H. S., & Oei, T. P. S. (1983) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(83)90403-3 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Reward Processing by the Opioid System in the Brain
Le Merrer, J., Becker, J. A. J., Befort, K., & Kieffer, B. L. (2009) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00005.2009 · Cited by 1,013 · see citing works
Pain, nicotine, and smoking: Research findings and mechanistic considerations.
Ditre, J. W., Brandon, T. H., Zale, E. L., & Meagher, M. M. (2011) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0025544 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Mu opioid receptor: a gateway to drug addiction
Contet, C., Kieffer, B. L., & Befort, K. (2004) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2004.05.005 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Burkett, J. P., & Young, L. J. (2012) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2794-x · Cited by 307 · see citing works
“Activation of MOR in the VTA and DOR in the NAC is directly rewarding in rats , producing conditioned place preferences ( Goeders et al .”
InfluentialRibeiro, S. C. M., Kennedy, S. E., Smith, Y. R., Stohler, C. S., & Zubieta, J. (2005) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.08.011 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
β-Endorphin and drug-induced reward and reinforcement
Roth‐Deri, I., Green-Sadan, T., & Yadid, G. (2008) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2008.06.003 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Vigotsky, A. D., & Bruhns, R. P. (2015) · Pain Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2015/292805 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Photoactivatable Neuropeptides for Spatiotemporally Precise Delivery of Opioids in Neural Tissue
Banghart, M. R., & Sabatini, B. L. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.11.016 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Mu‐opioid receptor activation induces transcriptional plasticity in the central extended amygdala
Befort, K., Filliol, D., Ghate, A., Darcq, E., Matifas, A., Muller, J., Lardenois, A., Thibault-Carpentier, C., Dembélé, D., Merrer, J. L., et al. (2008) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06273.x · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Roberto, M., & Siggins, G. R. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0601899103 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Endogenous enkephalins, not endorphins, modulate basal hedonic state in mice
Skoubis, P. D., Lam, H. A., Shoblock, J. R., Narayanan, S., & Maidment, N. T. (2005) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.03956.x · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Wang, X., Dow-Edwards, D. L., Anderson, V., MINKOFF, H. L., & Hurd, Y. L. (2006) · The Pharmacogenomics Journal · doi:10.1038/sj.tpj.6500375 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Zhang, D., Shao, C., Shao, M., Yan, P., Wang, Y., Liu, Y., Liu, W., Lin, T., Xie, Y., Zhao, Y., et al. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.07.012 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Milner, T. A., Burstein, S. R., Marrone, G. F., Khalid, S., Gonzalez, A. D., Williams, T. J., Schierberl, K. C., Torres-Reverón, A., Gonzales, K. L., McEwen, B. S., et al. (2013) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.21683 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Levis, S. C., Baram, T. Z., & Mahler, S. V. (2021) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.15223 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Mathon, D. S., Lesscher, H. M. B., Gerrits, M. A. F. M., Kamal, A., Pintar, J. E., Schuller, A. G., Spruijt, B. M., Burbach, J. P. H., Smidt, M. P., van Ree, J. M., et al. (2004) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.10.002 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationWilliams, T., Daglish, M., Lingford-Hughes, A., Taylor, L., Hammers, A., Brooks, D., Grasby, P., Myles, J., & Nutt, D. (2007) · The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.031120 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Sánchez-Cardoso, P., Higuera‐Matas, A., Martı́n, S., Olmo, N. D., Miguéns, M., Garcı́a-Lecumberri, C., & Ambrosio, E. (2006) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2006.10.011 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Gustafsson, L., Ploj, K., & Nylander, I. (2005) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2005.03.016 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
OPRM1 gene variants modulate amphetamine-induced euphoria in humans
Dlugos, A. M., Hamidovic, A., Hodgkinson, C. A., Shen, P., Goldman, D. A., Palmer, A. A., & de Wit, H. (2010) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-183x.2010.00655.x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Torres-Reverón, A., Williams, T. J., Chapleau, J. D., Waters, E. M., McEwen, B. S., Drake, C. T., & Milner, T. A. (2009) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.06.001 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Endogenous opiates and behavior: 2003
Bodnar, R. J., & Klein, G. E. (2004) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2004.09.005 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Drabik, A., Bierczyńska-Krzysik, A., Bodzoń‐Kułakowska, A., Suder, P., Kotlinska, J. H., & Silberring, J. (2007) · Mass Spectrometry Reviews · doi:10.1002/mas.20131 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Acute effects of heroin on emotions in heroin‐dependent patients
Blum, J., Gerber, H., Gerhard, U., Schmid, O., Petitjean, S. A., Riecher‐Rössler, A., Wiesbeck, G. A., Borgwardt, S., & Walter, M. (2013) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/j.1521-0391.2013.12025.x · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Addiction associated N40D mu-opioid receptor variant modulates synaptic function in human neurons
Halikere, A., Popova, D., Scarnati, M. S., Hamod, A., Swerdel, M. R., Moore, J. C., Tischfield, J. A., Hart, R. P., & Pang, Z. P. (2019) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-019-0507-0 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Michaels, C. C., & Holtzman, S. G. (2007) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2007.03.007 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Anghel, A., Jamieson, C. A. M., Ren, X., Young, J., Porche, R., Ozigbo, E., Ghods, D. E., Lee, M. L., Liu, Y., Lutfy, K., et al. (2010) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.01.043 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Inoue, K., Burkett, J. P., & Young, L. J. (2013) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.03.035 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Poisnel, G., Dhilly, M., Boisselier, R. L., Barré, L., & Debruyne, D. (2009) · Journal of Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1254/jphs.08249fp · Cited by 29 · see citing works
The existence of opioid receptors in the cochlea of guinea pigs
Jongkamonwiwat, N., Phansuwan‐Pujito, P., Casalotti, S. O., Forge, A., Dodson, H. C., & Govitrapong, P. (2006) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04810.x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Goofballing of Opioid and Methamphetamine: The Science Behind the Deadly Cocktail
Hazani, H. M., Mohamed, I. N., Mustapha, M., Mohamed, W. M. Y., Yahaya, M. F., Teoh, S. L., Mohamed, R. M. P., Isa, M. F. M., Abdulrahman, S. M., Ramadah, R., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.859563 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Contributing Risk Factors for Substance Use Among Youth in Postconflict Liberia
Petruzzi, L. J., Pullen, S. J., Lange, B. C. L., Parnarouskis, L., Dómínguez, S., Harris, B. L., Quiterio, N., Lekpeh, G. G., Manobah, B., Henderson, D. C., et al. (2018) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732318761863 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Kotlinska, J. H., Pachuta, A., & Silberring, J. (2008) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2008.01.008 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Dopamine-2 receptors in the arcuate nucleus modulate cocaine-seeking behavior
Doron, R., Fridman, L., & Yadid, G. (2006) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/01.wnr.0000234755.88560.c7 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Lei, Y., Liu, T., Wilson, F. A. W., Zhou, D., Ma, Y., & Hu, X. (2005) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.08.001 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Contet, C., Gardon, O., Filliol, D., Becker, J. A. J., Koob, G. F., & Kieffer, B. L. (2011) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00304.x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Borodovsky, J. T. (2022) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000581 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
García, R., Simón, M. J., & Puerto, A. (2013) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3422-7 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Feng, H., Elladki, R., Jian, J., & Wei, G. (2023) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106745 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Alam, M. R., & Singh, S. (2023) · Inflammopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s10787-023-01259-0 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
An analysis of genetic association in opioid dependence susceptibility
Nagaya, D., Zaharı, Z., Saleem, M., Yahaya, B. H., Tan, S. C., & Yusoff, N. M. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/jcpt.12585 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Michaels, C. C., Easterling, K. W., & Holtzman, S. G. (2007) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.04.008 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Mental health outcomes following naltrexone implant treatment for heroin-dependence
Ngo, H., Tait, R. J., Arnold-Reed, D. E., & Hulse, G. K. (2007) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.12.005 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Mathon, D. S., Vanderschuren, L. J. M. J., & Ramakers, G. M. J. (2006) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.05.003 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Decreased firing frequency of midbrain dopamine neurons in mice lacking mu opioid receptors
Mathon, D. S., Ramakers, G. M. J., Pintar, J. E., & Marinelli, M. (2005) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04123.x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Opioid modulation of prefrontal cortex cells and circuits
Cole, R. H., Moussawi, K., & Joffe, M. E. (2024) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.109891 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Suárez‐Boomgaard, D., Gago, B., Valderrama‐Carvajal, A., Roales‐Buján, R., Craenenbroeck, K. V., Duchou, J., Borroto‐Escuela, D. O., Medina-Luque, J., de la Calle, A., Fuxé, K., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms15011481 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Unidirectional opioid-cannabinoid cross-tolerance in the modulation of social play behavior in rats
Schiavi, S., Manduca, A., Segatto, M., Campolongo, P., Pallottini, V., Vanderschuren, L. J. M. J., & Trezza, V. (2019) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-019-05226-y · Cited by 15 · see citing works
An opponent process for alcohol addiction based on changes in endocrine gland mass
Karin, O., Raz, M., & Alon, U. S. (2021) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.102127 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Hasbi, A., Madras, B., & George, S. (2022) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.07.003 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Morphinome ? proteome of the nervous system after morphine treatment
Bodzoń‐Kułakowska, A., Bierczyńska-Krzysik, A., Drabik, A., Noga, M. J., Kraj, A., Suder, P., & Silberring, J. (2004) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-004-0144-y · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Soares, J. A. G., Sutley-Koury, S. N., Pomrenze, M. B., & Tucciarone, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2024.1521016 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Effects of Morphine and Maternal Care on Behaviors and Protein Expression of Male Offspring
Akbarabadi, A., Sadat‐Shirazi, M., Kabbaj, M., Zadeh‐Tehrani, S. N., Khalifeh, S., Pirri, F., & Zarrindast, M. (2021) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.04.011 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Mizoguchi, H., Watanabe, C., Watanabe, H., Moriyama, K., Sato, B., Ohwada, K., Yonezawa, A., Sakurada, T., & Sakurada, S. (2007) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.01.014 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Chronic developmental lead exposure increases μ-opiate receptor levels in the adolescent rat brain
Albores‐García, D., McGlothan, J. L., Bursac, Z., & Guilarte, T. R. (2020) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2020.11.008 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Kitanaka, J., Kitanaka, N., Hall, F. S., Uhl, G. R., Fukushima, Y., Sawai, T., Watabe, K., Kubo, H., Takahashi, H., Tanaka, K.-I., et al. (2013) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2013.05.027 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Okamoto, R., Itoh, Y., Murata, Y., Kobayashi, D., Hosoi, M., & Mine, K. (2013) · Pharmacology · doi:10.1159/000346440 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
García, R., Zafra, M. A., & Puerto, A. (2014) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2014.11.008 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Shams, J., Sahraei, H., Gholami, A., Haeri-Rohani, A., Alaf-Javadi, M., Sepehri, H., Salimi, S. H., & Ghoshooni, H. (2006) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0b013e3280102d68 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Wang, J., Wang, Z., Wu, N., Yan, H., & Li, J. (2009) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.03.060 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Álvarez, Y., & Farré, M. (2005) · Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Schmidt, L., & Rist, F. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-540-30887-3_6 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The Genetic Basis of Addiction
Epps, C. A., & Wright, E. L. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0170-4_2 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A Comparison of Mitragyna Speciosa and Mitragynine Against Opioids on Thermal Nociception in Rats
Criddle, C. A. (2015) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The Genetic Basis of Addiction and Relevant Cellular Mechanisms
Epps, C. A., & Holt, L. (2011) · International Anesthesiology Clinics · doi:10.1097/aia.0b013e3181f2bb66 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Brain systems in cocaine abstinence-induced anxiety-like behavior in rodents: A review
Barbee, B. R., & Gourley, S. (2022) · Addiction Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100012 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Marmendal, M. (2005) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Neurobiología de la adicción a opiáceos.
Valverde, O., & Maldonado, R. J. (2005) · Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Is There Sexual Activity After Low Back pain? A Clinical Commentary
Danazumi, M. S., Yakasai, A. M., Ibrahim, S. U., Falke, M. A., Hassan, A. B., Zakari, U. U., Dahiru, A., & Abdu, U. G. (2021) · Nigerian Journal of Medicine · doi:10.4103/njm.njm_162_21 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Smith, M. E. (2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012369442-3/50187-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Nazari, P., Yaghmai, P., Rangin, A., & Abbasi, N. (2018) · journal of ilam university of medical sciences · doi:10.29252/sjimu.26.4.186 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Influence of the electromagnetic field (EMF) on the opioid drugs’ analgesic effect
Bodera, P., Stankiewicz, W., Kieliszek, J., Sobiech, J., Krawczyk, A., Wojdas, A., & Samochodzki, Z. (2010) · PRZEGLĄD ELEKTROTECHNICZNY
Stress reactivity in heroin dependence
Gerber, H. (2015) · edoc (University of Basel) · doi:10.5451/unibas-006349778
Adaptations neuronales dans les maladies psychiatriques associées à une hyperdopaminergie
Rawas, R. E. (2008) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)
EFFECTS OF JOINT COCAINE AND ETHANOL ON THE BRAIN OPIOID SYSTEMS
Rosin, Å. (2005) · Figshare
The Neurophysiological Response to Manual Therapy and Its Analgesic Implications: A
Vigotsky, A. D., & Bruhns, R. P. (2015)
Inflammation-Induced Gene Expression in Brain and Adrenal Gland
Engström, L. (2008) · DiVA (Linkoping University)
Böning, J., Kienast, T., Heinz, A., Lesch, O., Soyka, M., Wiesbeck, G. A., Böning, J., Wodarz, N., Platz, W. E., Scherbaum, N., et al. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-211-37774-3_4
Li, J., Ding, F., Chen, J., Ma, X., Wang, X., Hong, Q., & (32376), H. L. (2026) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2026.113226
Neurochemistry and neurotransmitters involved in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Grant, J., & Sohl, E. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-27446-6.00004-2
Exploring the addictive potential of α-methylfentanyl and acetyl-α-methylfentanyl in animal models
deli, X., xuesong, S., kaixi, L., Kuai, L., Luo, X., Chen, Y., Di, B., & Xu, P. (2026) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-026-07185-7
- Authors
- Gerrits, M. A. F. M., Lesscher, H. B. M., & van Ree, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Gerrits, Mirjam A.F.M
- Venue
- European Neuropsychopharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-12
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 424-434
- ISSN
- 0924-977X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2159328887
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Keywords
- drug addiction, endogenous opioids, opioid system, self-administration, reinforcement, drug abuse, brain circuits, opioid receptors, knockout mice, genetic research
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Humans, Narcotics, Neural Pathways, Receptors, Opioid, Mice, Knockout, Substance-Related Disorders, Mice, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review