Cited by 1,503Mental Health Treatment and AccessHealth and Medical StudiesPsychiatric care and mental health services

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 136 of the 140 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Size and burden of mental disorders in Europe—a critical review and appraisal of 27 studies

Open access

Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Jacobi, Frank·2005·European Neuropsychopharmacology

DOI 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2005.04.012

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Epidemiological data on a wide range of mental disorders from community studies conducted in European countries are presented to determine the availability and consistency of prevalence, disability and treatment findings for the EU. Using a stepwise multimethod approach, 27 eligible studies with quite variable designs and methods including over 150,000 subjects from 16 European countries were identified. Prevalence: On the basis of meta-analytic techniques as well as on reanalyses of selected data sets, it is estimated that about 27% (equals 82.7 million; 95% CI: 78.5-87.1) of the adult EU population, 18-65 of age, is or has been affected by at least one mental disorder in the past 12 months. Taking into account the considerable degree of comorbidity (about one third had more than one disorder), the most frequent disorders are anxiety disorders, depressive, somatoform and substance dependence disorders. When taking into account design, sampling and other methodological differences between studies, little evidence seems to exist for considerable cultural or country variation. Disability and treatment: despite very divergent and fairly crude assessment strategies, the available data consistently demonstrate (a) an association of all mental disorders with a considerable disability burden in terms of number of work days lost (WLD) and (b) generally low utilization and treatment rates. Only 26% of all cases had any consultation with professional health care services, a finding suggesting a considerable degree of unmet need. The paper highlights considerable future research needs for coordinated EU studies across all disorders and age groups. As prevalence estimates could not simply be equated with defined treatment needs, such studies should determine the degree of met and unmet needs for services by taking into account severity, disability and comorbidity. These needs are most pronounced for the new EU member states as well as more generally for adolescent and older populations.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2005.04.012

Cites

136 of 136 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032
Untitled work
(1998) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · Cited by 19,139
A 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey: Construction of Scales and Preliminary Tests of Reliability and Validity
WARE, J. E., KOSINSKI, M., & KELLER, S. D. (1996) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199603000-00003 · Cited by 17,392 · cited 1×
“The only available cross-national and directly comparative data in this respect come from the ESEMeD study revealing that health-related quality of life (mental health score of the SF12, Ware et al., 1996) was reduced by approximately 1.0 standard deviation units in most mental disorders.”
ResultInfluential
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
&NA; (1988) · Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders · doi:10.1097/00002093-198802020-00022 · Cited by 12,603
Lifetime and 12-Month Prevalence of DSM-III-R Psychiatric Disorders in the United States: Results From the National Comorbidity Survey
Kessler, R. C. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002 · Cited by 12,370 · cited 3×
“Consistent with the international situation and other inquiries (e.g. Kessler et al., 1994; Fryers et al., 2004), almost no community studies with established explicit diagnostic criteria were identified with regard to other mental disorders such as sleep disorders, impulse control disorders,…”
BackgroundResult
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed
Cooper, A. M., & Michels, R. (1981) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.138.1.128 · Cited by 7,419
The mini international neuropsychiatric interview
Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, D. V., Hergueta, T., & Weiller, E. (1998) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0924-9338(99)80239-9 · Cited by 5,899
A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire
Goldberg, D. P., & Hillier, V. F. (1979) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700021644 · Cited by 5,639 · cited 1×
“We did not include studies assessing psychopathology and mental health exclusively by means of questionnaires or screening instruments (e.g. GHQ, Goldberg and Hillier, 1979; CIDI-SF, Kessler et al., 1998; MHI-5, Berwick et al., 1991).”
Method

Show all 140 references

Research works printed but not linked: 6

Andrade, 2000, Cross-national comparisons of the prevalences and correlates of mental disorders, B. World Health Organ., 78, 413
Jacobi, 2004, Psychische Störungen in der Allgemeinbevölkerung: Inanspruchnahme von Gesundheitsleistungen und Ausfalltage, Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundh. Forsch. Gesundh.Schutz, 47, 736
Meyer, 2001, Prevalence of DSM-IV psychiatric disorders including nicotine dependence in the general population: results from the northern german TACOS study, Neurol. Psychiatr. Br., 9, 75
Szadoczky, 2000, A hangulat- es szorongasos zavarok elöfordulasa a felnott magyar lakossag köreben, Orv. Hetil., 141, 17
The WHO World Mental Health Survey Consortium, 2004, Prevalence, severity, and unmet need for treatment of mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys, J. Am. Med. Assoc., 291, 2581, 10.1001/jama.291.21.2581 · DOI · Paper page
Wittchen, 2003, Depression—an underdiagnosed disease, Medicographia, 25, 9

Sorted by citations

Items 801–900 of 1,000

Europe's mental health strategy
Wahlbeck, K., & Taipale, V. (2006) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.333.7561.210 · Cited by 10
Mental health literacy, treatment preferences, and barriers in Salvadorian parents
Johnco, C. J., Salloum, A., McBride, N. M., Cepeda, S. L., Guttfreund, D., Novoa, J. C., & Storch, E. A. (2019) · International Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/00207411.2019.1629376 · Cited by 10
Stress and anxiety among physicians and nurses in Romania during the COVID-19 pandemic
Sima, R., Olaru, O.-G., Cazaceanu, A., Scheau, C., Dimitriu, M.-T., Popescu, M., & Pleș, L. (2021) · Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences · doi:10.22543/7674.82.p252258 · Cited by 11
“In Europe, a prevalence of 1.7% to 3.4 % annually, and 4.3% to 5.9% as lifetime prevalence was found [29,30].”
Influential
Comparing Mental Health of Francophones in Canada, France, and Belgium: 12-Month and Lifetime Rates of Mental Health Service Use (Part 2)
Tempier, R., Vasiliadis, H., Gilbert, F., Demyttenaere, K., Bruffaerts, R., Lépine, J., Gasquet, I., Lepnurm, M., LESAGE, A. D., Puchala, C., et al. (2010) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371005500505 · Cited by 9
Suicidal behaviour in bipolar disorder
Valtonen, H. (2007) · Cited by 8
Diagnosing, Conceptualizing, and Treating Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified: A Comprehensive Practice Model
Schwitzer, A. M. “. (2012) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.2012.00036.x · Cited by 9
Effectiveness of a Releasing Exercise Program on Anxiety and Self-Efficacy Among Nurses
Chen, H., Wang, H., & Chiu, M.-H. (2014) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/0193945914555405 · Cited by 9
“A critical review found that the prevalence of anxiety disorders in Europe is 12% (Wittchen & Jacobi, 2005).”
BackgroundInfluential
Association between norepinephrine transporter T-182C polymorphism and major depressive disorder: A meta-analysis
Zhou, Y., Su, H., Song, J. H., Guo, L., & Sun, Y. (2013) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2013.12.035 · Cited by 9
eDiagnostics: a promising step towards primary mental health care
Dijksman, I., Dinant, G., & Spigt, M. (2013) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmt046 · Cited by 9
Angststörungen in der Schwangerschaft und nach der Geburt:
Martini, J., Weidner, K., & Hoyer, J. (2008) · Psychosomatik und Konsiliarpsychiatrie · doi:10.1007/s11800-008-0127-z · Cited by 11
Pharmacogenetic considerations for late life depression therapy
Pitychoutis, P. M., Kokras, N., Sanoudou, D., Dalla, C., & Papadopoulou‐Daifoti, Z. (2013) · Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology · doi:10.1517/17425255.2013.794786 · Cited by 10
“Depressive disorders affect > 18 million people in Europe each year [1] and their treatment still remains far from optimal [2].”
Background
Agent-Based Simulation as a Tool for the Design of a Virtual Training Environment
Bosse, T., Man, J. D., & Gerritsen, C. (2014) · IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (WI-IAT) · doi:10.1109/wi-iat.2014.148 · Cited by 9
“By generating a computational model of the envisioned system and formally analysing the resulting simulation runs, the behaviour of the system can be studied before its actual implementation, thus providing a method for rapid prototyping.”
Method
Psychosomatic patients in integrated care: Which treatment mediators do we have to focus on?
Parth, K., Rosar, A., Stastka, K., Storck, T., & Löffler‐Stastka, H. (2016) · Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic · doi:10.1521/bumc.2016.80.4.326 · Cited by 9
“You Don’t Feel”: The Experience of Youth Benzodiazepine Misuse in Ireland
Murphy, K. D., Lambert, S., McCarthy, S., Sahm, L. J., & Byrne, S. (2017) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2017.1371365 · Cited by 10
“The one-year incidence of anxiety increased between 2005 and 2010 from 12.0% to 14.0%, the latter figure representing approximately 61.5 million people (Wittchen and Jacobi 2005).”
BackgroundInfluential
PARADIGMS OF CARE AND STIGMA OF THE MENTAL DISORDER IN BRAZILIAN PSYCHIATRIC REFORM
Weber, C. A. T., & Juruena, M. F. (2017) · Psicologia Saúde & Doenças · doi:10.15309/17psd180302 · Cited by 9
Stress hormone response to the DEX–CRH test and its relation to psychotherapy outcome in panic disorder patients with and without agoraphobia
Wichmann, S., Bornstein, S. R., Lorenz, T., & Petrowski, K. (2018) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-017-0081-7 · Cited by 11
“(1) The Panic & Agoraphobia Scale (PAS)(50) was obtained to evaluate the global severity of the PD diagnosis.”
Method
Brain activation during disorder-related script-driven imagery in panic disorder: a pilot study
Burkhardt, A., Buff, C., Brinkmann, L., Feldker, K., Gathmann, B., Hofmann, D., & Straube, T. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-38990-0 · Cited by 11
Exploring Phenotypic and Genetic Overlap Between Cannabis Use and Schizotypy
Vaissiere, J., Thorp, J. G., Ong, J., Ortega‐Alonso, A., & Derks, E. M. (2020) · Twin Research and Human Genetics · doi:10.1017/thg.2020.68 · Cited by 9
“Psychotic disorders affect a significant number of individuals in the population and are one of the costliest groups of disorders in terms of medical expenditure (Fineberg et al., 2013; Wittchen & Jacobi, 2005).”
Long‐term psychodynamic psychotherapy in a face‐to‐face versus videoconferencing setting: A single case study
Andreas, S., Gablonski, T., Tschacher, W., Gebhardt, A., Rabung, S., Schulz, H., & Kadur, J. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23411 · Cited by 9
Long-term treatment with flupentixol results of a post-marketing surveillance study
Messer, T., Gläser, T., Landen, H., & Schmauß, M. (2008) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881108091879 · Cited by 9
“In a recent study, the 12-month prevalence in Germany has been estimated to be 2.6% (Wittchen & Jacobi, 2005), with 97% of patients under treatment in the community and only 3% in long-term therapy establishments.”
BackgroundInfluential
Intermittent Feeding Schedules—Behavioural Consequences and Potential Clinical Significance
Murphy, M., & Mercer, J. G. (2014) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu6030985 · Cited by 9
“This evidence gap assumes greater significance in the light of the prevalence of mental disorders in the general population, which for the EU, for example, now exceeds one third of the population per year [16].”
Background
The Impact of Self-Imagery on Affective, Cognitive, and Attentional Processes in Social Phobia: A Comprehensive Literature Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature
Ng, A. S., & Abbott, M. J. (2014) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1017/bec.2014.12 · Cited by 9
“Estimates of the prevalence of SP vary internationally, with 12-month prevalence rates maintained at approximately 7% for the United States (Kessler, Chiu, Demler, & Walters, 2005; Kessler, Petukhova, Sampson, Zaslavsky, & Wittchen, 2012; Ruscio et al., 2008) and 2% in Europe (Wittchen & Jacobi, 2005).”
Background
Evidence-based pharmacotherapy of obsessive–compulsive disorder
Fineberg, N. A., Brown, A., & Pampaloni, I. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511910395.009 · Cited by 9
Pharmacological evidence of neuro-pharmacological activity of Acacia tortilis leaves in mice
Alharbi, W. D. M., & Azmat, A. (2016) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-016-9821-2 · Cited by 9
“2005), Europe 27 % (Wittchen and Jacobi 2005) and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (14 %; Mental Health Atlas 2011) are affected by at least one mental disorder.”
Background
Anxiety Disorders in Women
Merikangas, K. R., Burstein, M., & Schmitz, A. P. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-384978-6.00084-4 · Cited by 11
Expenditures on Mental Health Care in the Czech Republic in 2015
Broulíková, H. M., Dlouhý, M., & Winkler, P. (2019) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-019-09688-3 · Cited by 9
Does Toxoplasma gondii play a role in obsessive–compulsive disorder?
Taboas, W., McKay, D., & Taylor, S. J. (2011) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.05.029 · Cited by 9
“…in Italy; Jeannel et al., 1998; Jones et al., 2003; Valcavi et al., 1995; Walker et al., 1992); yet, OCD lifetime prevalence rates in England, the US, France, Italy, and other European countries do not differ (Karno et al., 1988; Bebbington, 1998; Faravelli et al., 2004; Wittchen and Jacobi, 2005).”
Background
Economic Analyses of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Interventions: A Systematic Review
Strouphauer, E., Morris, O. J., Soileau, K. J., Wiese, A. D., Quast, T. C., Goodman, W. K., Sheth, S. A., Wojcik, K. D., Guzick, A. G., & Storch, E. A. (2023) · PharmacoEconomics · doi:10.1007/s40273-023-01250-1 · Cited by 8
A comparative cross-sectional study of psychological distress, fatigue, and physical activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Sjögren's disease
Beider, S., Stephan, M., Seeliger, T., Skripuletz, T., Witte, T., & Ernst, D. (2025) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2024.1507242 · Cited by 8
“According to studies by the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Bank, and the European Brain Council (2), its social importance in Europe and Germany has been prioritized over other widespread diseases such as diabetes mellitus or coronary heart disease since the early 1990s.”
GABAA-Rezeptorfunktion im Fokus
Nikolaus, S., Hautzel, H., & Müller, H. W. (2014) · Nuklearmedizin - NuclearMedicine · Cited by 8
Ageing workers’ mental health during COVID-19: a multilevel observational study on the association with the work environment, perceived workplace safety and individual factors
Rinsky‐Halivni, L., Brammli‐Greenberg, S., & Christiani, D. C. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064590 · Cited by 8
“However, residual cross-country variation reflected by a remaining random effect after the inclusion of the national-level component indicates unobserved heterogeneity at the national level that has yet to be revealed.”
Background
The relationship between pediatric obsessive compulsive disorder and Toxoplasma gondii
Memik, N. Ç., Tamer, G. S., Ünver, H., & Gündoğdu, Ö. Y. (2015) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2015.08.004 · Cited by 8
Psychosoziale Herausforderungen der Arbeitswelt in der postmodernen Gesellschaft
Schneider, W. (2010) · Psychotherapeut · doi:10.1007/s00278-010-0792-1 · Cited by 8
Subchronic perinatal asphyxia increased anxiety-and depression-like behaviors in the rat offspring.
Sedláčková, N., Krajčiová, M., Koprdová, R., Ujházy, E., Brucknerová, I., & Mach, M. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 8
Is an expert diagnosis enough for assessment of sick leave for employees with musculoskeletal and mental disorders?
Wåhlin, C., Ekberg, K., & Öberg, B. E. (2010) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.3109/09638288.2010.523509 · Cited by 8
“Furthermore, the prevalence rate for MSD and depression is known to be higher for women [1,2,6].”
Background
Prevalence of Mental Disorders, Health-related Quality of Life, and Service Utilization across the Adult Life Span
Jacobi, F., & Groß, J. (2014) · Die Psychiatrie · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1670774 · Cited by 8
“In addition, it provided data on a broad range of associated relevant topics, such as associations and interactions between mental and somatic health (11–13) as well as associated impairments and help-seeking (14, 15).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Quantitative representations of an exaggerated anxiety response in the brain of female spider phobics—a parametric f MRI study
Zilverstand, A., Sorger, B., Kaemingk, A., & Goebel, R. (2017) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23571 · Cited by 8
Effectiveness of metacognitive interventions for mental disorders in adults: a systematic review protocol (METACOG)
Kühne, F., Meister, R., Jansen, A., Härter, M. C., Moritz, S., & Kriston, L. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015428 · Cited by 8
Patterns of Change in Collaboration Are Associated with Baseline Characteristics and Predict Outcome and Dropout Rates in Treatment of Multi-Problem Families. A Validation Study
Bachler, E., Fruehmann, A., Bachler, H., Aas, B., Nickel, M. K., & Schiepek, G. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01221 · Cited by 10
An Internet-Based Intervention for the Relatives of People with Mental Illnesses
Salamin, V., Ray, P., Gothuey, I., Corzani, S., & Martin-Söelch, C. (2019) · Swiss Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1024/1421-0185/a000219 · Cited by 9
“Keywords: family, caregiver, internet-based intervention, depression, emotion regulation Mental illness is highly prevalent, occurring in27%ofadults in Europe (Wittchen & Jacobi, 2005).”
The Impact of Stress, Anxiety, Fear and Depression in The Cause of Cancer in Humans
Niknamian, S. (2019) · American Journal of Biomedical Science & Research · doi:10.34297/ajbsr.2019.03.000696 · Cited by 9
“Daily life can involve many stimuli that are perceived as threatening [74-76].”
Background
Acute stress leaves fear generalization in healthy individuals intact
Kausche, F. M., Zerbes, G., Kampermann, L., Müller, J. C., Wiedemann, K., Büchel, C., & Schwabe, L. (2021) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-021-00874-0 · Cited by 10
“Given that anxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders (Kessler et al., 2005; Wittchen & Jacobi, 2005), identifying factors that may promote the overgeneralization of fear is important.”
Background
Prevalence of patients treated with antidepressant medicine in Greenland and Denmark: a cross-sectional study
Ingemann, T. N., Backe, M. B., Bonefeld‐Jørgensen, E. C., Skovgaard, N., & Pedersen, M. L. (2021) · International Journal of Circumpolar Health · doi:10.1080/22423982.2021.1912540 · Cited by 7
“Antidepressant medicine, i.e. antidepressants, constitutes a group of drugs used to treat moderate to severe depression, is among the most prescribed drugs in Europe [9].”
Background
15-Month Health Outcomes and the Related Risk Factors of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients From Onset: A Cohort Study
Sun, L., Wang, J., Wang, Y., Pan, X., Luo, J., Liu, H., Jiang, Y.-R., Zhuang, X., Lin, L. H., Li, G., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.854788 · Cited by 14
Lifetime trauma, symptoms of psychological disturbance, and suicidal ideation among university students in Malaysia
Ghazali, S. R., Chen, Y. Y., Mohamad, M., Yein, L. P., Razali, Z. A., Pauzi, N., & Majani, A. F. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03297-3 · Cited by 8
Serum Levels of 8-Iso-Prostaglandin F2α and Raftlin in Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Hurşıtoğlu, O., & Kurutaş, E. B. (2023) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.2023.21.2.370 · Cited by 8
“of the population throughout life, becomes a cause of disability if not treated adequately, and its etiology is still not fully known [1].”
Background
Relação do Tabagismo com Ansiedade e Depressão nos Cuidados de Saúde Primários
Farinha, H., de Almeida, J. R., Aleixo, A. R., de Oliveira, H. A. C., Xavier, F., & Santos, A. I. (2013) · Acta Médica Portuguesa · doi:10.20344/amp.278 · Cited by 8
Women-specific mental disorders in DSM-V: are we failing again?
Wïttchen, H. (2010) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-009-0138-6 · Cited by 9
“Epidemiological studies consistently show that, with the onset of the reproductive years at menarche, mood disorders are at least twice as common in women as in men (Kessler 2003; Lewinsohn et al. 1998; Steiner et al. 2003a; Wittchen and Jacobi 2005 ).”
BackgroundInfluential
Occupational position and its relation to mental distress in a random sample of Danish residents
Rugulies, R., Madsen, I. E. H., Nielsen, M. B. D., Olsen, L. R., Mortensen, E. L., & Bech, P. (2009) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-009-0492-8 · Cited by 8
“…studies have demonstrated that common mental disorders are severely undertreated and that administrative data (e.g., hospital admission, prescription drugs registries) underestimate prevalence, especially among people of lower socioeconomic position (Wittchen and Jacobi 2005; Thielen et al. 2009).”
Background
Estimation de la prévalence de l’épisode dépressif chez l’adolescent en France
Chee, C. C., Guignon, N., Delmas, M.-C., Herbet, J.-B., & Gonzalez, L. (2011) · Revue d Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique · doi:10.1016/j.respe.2011.08.065 · Cited by 12
Prevalence and psychopathological characteristics of depression in consecutive otorhinolaryngologic inpatients
Forkmann, T., Norra, C., Wirtz, M. A., Vehren, T., Volz‐Sidiropoulou, E., Westhofen, M., Gauggel, S., & Boecker, M. (2011) · BMC Ear Nose and Throat Disorders · doi:10.1186/1472-6815-11-7 · Cited by 8
“The present study largely replicated the picture of depression that is known from a multiplicity of studies on this disease in other samples: It is a well known fact that depression often co-occurs with anxiety and obsessive-compulsive or phobic disorders, respectively [26-28].”
Background
Health seeking behaviour in general population with psychological symptoms.
Klemenc–Ketiš, Z., & Kersnik, J. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 8
Analyse regionaler Unterschiede in der Prä- valenz und Versorgung depressiver Störun- gen auf Basis vertragsärztlicher Abrech- nungsdaten - Teil 1 Prävalenz
Mvon, E., & von Stillfried, D. G. (2012) · Cited by 8
Openness to help-seeking for mental illness among Greek-Cypriots
Alexi, N., Moore, K., & Argyrides, M. (2017) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/dax040 · Cited by 8
The Effect of Childhood Adversities and Protective Factors on the Development of Child-Psychiatric Disorders and Their Treatment
Bachler, E., Frühmann, A., Bachler, H., Aas, B., Nickel, M., & Schiepek, G. K. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02226 · Cited by 12
Angststörungen
Domschke, K., Kapfhammer, H., & Deckert, J. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-49295-6_69 · Cited by 9
Epidemiologische Beiträge zur Klinischen Psychologie
Wïttchen, H., & Jacobi, F. (2011) · Springer-Lehrbuch · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-13018-2_3 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
Toxicity, Deficiency and Dysmetabolism of Trace Elements in Ghanaian Clinically Stable Schizophrenics
Asare, G. A., Tetteh, R., Amedonu, E., Asiedu, B., & Doku, D. (2014) · Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.3889/oamjms.2014.049 · Cited by 8
Geschlechtsunterschiede in der Entwicklung psychischer Störungen
Ihle, W., Laucht, M., Schmidt, M., & Esser, G. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-71628-0_12 · Cited by 4
Evidence-based pharmacotherapy of generalized anxiety disorder
Baldwin, D. S., Waldman, S., & Allgulander, C. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511910395.008 · Cited by 8
“It Would Ruin My Life”: Pacific Islander Male Adolescents’ Perceptions of Mental Health Help-Seeking—An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Focus Group Study
Garrett, M. F., Cutrer‐Párraga, E. A., Allen, G. E. K., Young, E. L., Urbina, K. J., & Hull, I. M. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph22010062 · Cited by 10
“Globally, underutilization is common, as seen in studies across Australia and Europe [36–38].”
The Use of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Antidepressants in the Treatment of Lung Cancer
Gül, S. Ö., & Aydemir, E. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26104546 · Cited by 8
“Although it is seen as an insignificant and negligible disease in the population, depression is among the most common diseases worldwide [17].”
Attitudinal and demographic factors associated with seeking help and receiving antidepressant medication for symptoms of common mental disorder
Manescu, E. A., Robinson, E. J., & Henderson, C. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02971-9 · Cited by 7
“Background Although mental illness contributes significantly to the global burden of disease, over two thirds of people affected do not receive any treatment [1, 2].”
Background
North American open-label 16-week trial of the MindShift smartphone app for adult anxiety
Rappaport, L. M., Jerome, E., Van Ameringen, M., Whittal, M., & McLean, C. P. (2023) · Journal of Mood & Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.xjmad.2023.100036 · Cited by 7
Bidirectional association between allergic rhinitis and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Wei, J., Yang, L., Wu, Q., Lei, B., & Gui, X. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.10.032 · Cited by 7
Sozialpsychiatrie: essentieller Bestandteil der Psychiatrie
Wancata, J., Kapfhammer, H., Schüßler, G., & Fleischhacker, W. W. (2007) · Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1007/s11326-007-0048-z · Cited by 7
Geschlecht und psychische Störungen
Möller-Leimkühler, A. M. (2011) · Public Health Forum · doi:10.1016/j.phf.2011.03.004 · Cited by 7
Prevalence of mental disorders in a Greek island.
Stylianidis, S., Pantelidou, S., Chondros, P., Roelandt, J.-L., & Barbato, A. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 7
Influence of childhood trauma on depression in the INDDEP study
Docter, A. L., Zeeck, A., von Wietersheim, J., & Weiß, H. (2018) · Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/02668734.2018.1459803 · Cited by 7
“…2013; Mathers, Fat, & Boerma, 2008; Wittchen et al., 2011) show that depressive disorders are repeatedly among the most frequent and most disabling psychiatric disorders with 12-month-prevalences for major depressive disorder (MDD) in European countries as high as 8.3% (Wittchen & Jacobi, 2005).”
BackgroundInfluential
Study protocol of a randomised controlled trial on SISU, a software agent providing a brief self-help intervention for adults with low psychological well-being
Bendig, E., Meißner, E., Erb, B., Weger, L., Küchler, A., Bauereiß, N., Ebert, D. D., & Baumeister, H. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041573 · Cited by 7
Children and mental health of elderly
Buber‐Ennser, I., & Engelhardt, H. (2006) · Cited by 6
Eating Disorders in the Primary Care Setting
Mellowspring, A. C. (2023) · Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice · doi:10.1016/j.pop.2022.10.012 · Cited by 7
Development of an American and Australian co-designed youth mental health literacy program
Grové, C., Marinucci, A., & Riebschleger, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/frcha.2022.1018173 · Cited by 7
Panik und Agoraphobie
In‐Albon, T., & Margraf, J. (2011) · Springer-Lehrbuch · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-13018-2_41 · Cited by 7
Suicide index reduction in Slovenia: the impact of primary care provision.
Beškovnik, L., Juričič, N. K., & Švab, V. (2011) · PubMed Central · Cited by 7
Do guidelines recommending pharmacogenetic testing of psychiatric patients affect treatment costs and the use of healthcare services?
Herbild, L., Bech, M., Gyrd‐Hansen, D., Christensen, M., Werge, T. M., & Nielsen, K. A. (2011) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/1403494810393300 · Cited by 7
“Societal costs of the diseases are substantial [2] and even marginal improvements in treatment could, besides the great impact on the affected individuals, potentially be cost-saving if improvements are provided at low cost.”
Background
Efficacy of once-daily extended release quetiapine fumarate in patients with different levels of severity of generalized anxiety disorder
Montgomery, S., Locklear, J. C., Svedsäter, H., & Eriksson, H. (2014) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/yic.0000000000000026 · Cited by 7
“In the general population, lifetime prevalence rates of 4–6% have been reported (Kessler et al., 2005; Lieb et al., 2005; Wittchen and Jacobi, 2005), and in the primary care setting, 5.4% of patients have reportedly met the diagnostic criteria for GAD (Wittchen et al., 2002).”
BackgroundInfluential
Religious Attitudes in Adolescents with Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms OCS and Disorder OCD
Rady, A. M., Salama, H., Wagdy, M., & Ketat, A. (2012) · Global Journal of Health Science · doi:10.5539/gjhs.v4n6p216 · Cited by 7
The importance of intervening in adult mental health services when patients are parents
Lauritzen, C. (2014) · Journal of Hospital Administration · doi:10.5430/jha.v3n6p56 · Cited by 7
The mental health status and associated factors affecting underprivileged Iranian women
Maharlouei, N., Hoseinzadeh, A., Ghaedsharaf, E., Zolfi, H., Arab, P., Farahmand, Z., Hallaj, M., Fazilat, S., Heydari, S. T., Joulaei, H., et al. (2014) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2014.07.005 · Cited by 7
“A great body of literature from Iran and other countries has shown the higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders in illiterate people is higher, while being educated could be a protective factor against mental disorders (Noorbala et al., 2012; Wittchen and Jacobi, 2005).”
Background
Die Eignung der HoNOS (Health of the Nation Outcome Scales) zur Erfassung des Verlaufs und des Schweregrads depressiver Symptomatik im stationären Setting
Fankhauser, S., Hochstrasser, B., Sievers, M., & Soyka, M. (2017) · PPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie · doi:10.1055/s-0043-105482 · Cited by 7
“Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2007; 42: 537–546 [2] Wittchen H-U, Jacobi F.”
Background
Cluster headache and anxiety: Results of the EUROLIGHT cluster headache project – An Internet-based, cross-sectional study of people with cluster headache
Pohl, H., Gantenbein, A. R., Sándor, P. S., Schoenen, J. E., & Andrée, C. (2020) · Clinical and Translational Neuroscience · doi:10.1177/2514183x20925956 · Cited by 7
Exploring the possibility of parents’ broad internalizing phenotype acting through passive gene–environment correlations on daughters’ disordered eating
O’Connor, S. M., Mikhail, M. E., Anaya, C., Haller, L. L., Burt, S. A., McGue, M. K., Iacono, W. G., & Klump, K. L. (2022) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579422000608 · Cited by 7
“However, disordered eating is relatively rare among males who endorse overt disordered eating at much lower rates than females (Hoek, 2006; Striegel-Moore & Bulik, 2007; Wittchen & Jacobi, 2005).”
Background
Genetics of Mood Disorders
Mandelli, L., Nivoli, A., & Serretti, A. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2298-1_5 · Cited by 7
Nature-Based Education for Resilient Cities
Schweitzer, J.-P., & Gionfra, S. (2017) · World sustainability series · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69474-0_21 · Cited by 7
Legale und illegale Substanzen im Jugendalter
Ihle, W., Lehmann, K., & Esser, G. (2008) · Kindheit und Entwicklung · doi:10.1026/0942-5403.17.1.5 · Cited by 7
Adult adversity: do early environment and genotype create lasting vulnerabilities for adult social adversity in psychosis?
Myin‐Germeys, I., & van Os, J. (2008) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511544064.009 · Cited by 7
OCD: Towards DSM-V
Zohar, J. (2007) · International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1080/13651500701388252 · Cited by 7
Epidemiologische Beiträge zur Klinischen Psychologie
Beesdo-Baum, K., Höfler, M., Jacobi, F., & Wittchen, H.-U. (2020) · Klinische Psychologie & Psychotherapie · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-61814-1_3 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Anxiety Disorders
Lack, C. W. (2024) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2024.04.008 · Cited by 6
Effective interventions to reduce sick leave in workers with mental illnesses: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Shiri, R., Varje, P., & Toppinen‐Tanner, S. (2025) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2025.112140 · Cited by 6
Depressive Disorders and EU Labour Resources—The Problem of Lost Productivity in Highly Developed Economies
Jakubowska, A. (2024) · Psychiatry International · doi:10.3390/psychiatryint5020012 · Cited by 6
Somatic symptom disorder, a new DSM-5 diagnosis of an old clinical challenge
Rosic, T., Kalra, S., & Samaan, Z. (2016) · BMJ Case Reports · doi:10.1136/bcr-2015-212553 · Cited by 6
Post Hoc Analyses of Anxiety Measures in Adult Patients With Generalized Anxiety Disorder Treated With Vilazodone
Khan, A., Durgam, S., Tang, X.-W., Ruth, A., Mathews, M., & Gommoll, C. (2016) · The Primary Care Companion For CNS Disorders · doi:10.4088/pcc.15m01904 · Cited by 7
Public Health Aspects of Diagnosis and Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders
(2012) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890427767 · Cited by 6
The Study of the Effect of Sodium Nitroprusside in Anxiety-Like Behavior in Mice in Comparison With Diazepam
Al-Humaidhi, A. M., Hlail, A. T., & Shalal, S. H. (2020) · Iraqi Journal of Science · doi:10.24996/ijs.2020.61.3.3 · Cited by 6
Panikstörung und Agoraphobie
Vriends, N., & Margraf, J. (2008) · Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie up2date · doi:10.1055/s-2007-986331 · Cited by 6
Prevalence and risk-factors for burnout, posttraumatic stress, and secondary traumatization among Danish prosecutors: findings from a pilot-study
Vang, M. L., Hansen, N. B., Elklit, A., Melander-Nyboe, P., Høgsted, R. H., & Pihl‐Thingvad, J. (2023) · Psychology Crime and Law · doi:10.1080/1068316x.2023.2234543 · Cited by 6
“In comparison, it is estimated that 4% among the general population suffer from PTSD (Kessler et al., 2017) and 8.3% from depression (Wittchen & Jacobi, 2005).”
Influential
Stigma and Mental Disorders
Švab, V. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/30735 · Cited by 6
Neurotransmitter and Behaviour: Serotonin and Anxiety
Rex, A., & Fink, H. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/26114 · Cited by 6
“Treatment of anxiety disorders and consequences of the disease cause high costs and are connected with severe social problems (Wittchen and Jacobi 2005).”

Authors: Wittchen, H.-U., & Jacobi, F.
Affiliations: Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (DE)
ORCID: Jacobi, Frank
Venue: European Neuropsychopharmacology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2005-08
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Pages: 357-376
ISSN: 0924-977X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2005.04.012
OpenAlex: W2107900025
Cited by: 1,503
References: 140
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 75 · 2016: 83 · 2015: 84 · 2014: 103 · 2013: 110 · 2012: 121
FWCI: 96.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
tud.qucosa.de
Licence: other-oa
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: European Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
Qucosa (Saxon State and University Library Dresden) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health and Medical Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
Keywords: mental illness, prevalence, disability burden, treatment utilization, unmet needs, comorbidities, anxiety disorders, depression, somatoform disorders, substance dependence, lost workdays, European Union, cross-national comparison, adolescent mental health, older adults
MeSH terms: Absenteeism, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Mental Disorders, Disability Evaluation, Europe, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health Services, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Residence Characteristics, Review Literature as Topic, Sex Factors, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Cost of Illness, Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry), Quality-Adjusted Life Years

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Size and burden of mental disorders in Europe—a critical review and appraisal of 27 studies

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks