Cited by 1,503Mental Health Treatment and AccessHealth and Medical StudiesPsychiatric care and mental health services

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Size and burden of mental disorders in Europe—a critical review and appraisal of 27 studies

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Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Jacobi, Frank·2005·European Neuropsychopharmacology

DOI 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2005.04.012

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Abstract

Epidemiological data on a wide range of mental disorders from community studies conducted in European countries are presented to determine the availability and consistency of prevalence, disability and treatment findings for the EU. Using a stepwise multimethod approach, 27 eligible studies with quite variable designs and methods including over 150,000 subjects from 16 European countries were identified. Prevalence: On the basis of meta-analytic techniques as well as on reanalyses of selected data sets, it is estimated that about 27% (equals 82.7 million; 95% CI: 78.5-87.1) of the adult EU population, 18-65 of age, is or has been affected by at least one mental disorder in the past 12 months. Taking into account the considerable degree of comorbidity (about one third had more than one disorder), the most frequent disorders are anxiety disorders, depressive, somatoform and substance dependence disorders. When taking into account design, sampling and other methodological differences between studies, little evidence seems to exist for considerable cultural or country variation. Disability and treatment: despite very divergent and fairly crude assessment strategies, the available data consistently demonstrate (a) an association of all mental disorders with a considerable disability burden in terms of number of work days lost (WLD) and (b) generally low utilization and treatment rates. Only 26% of all cases had any consultation with professional health care services, a finding suggesting a considerable degree of unmet need. The paper highlights considerable future research needs for coordinated EU studies across all disorders and age groups. As prevalence estimates could not simply be equated with defined treatment needs, such studies should determine the degree of met and unmet needs for services by taking into account severity, disability and comorbidity. These needs are most pronounced for the new EU member states as well as more generally for adolescent and older populations.

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“Intermediate 15 454 (54) 2235 (37) 993 (27) 1630 (47) 2941 (49) 42†”
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Background
Rates of depression, anxiety, and stress in parents of children with congenital heart disease using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale
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Efficacy of Brahmi vati in generalised anxiety disorder – Randomized double blind comparative clinical trial
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Background
Immune transcriptional profiles in mothers with clinically elevated depression and anxiety symptoms several years post‐delivery
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“9 %) [21, 22], and differentials in prevalence according to marital status, employment status, and education are of the same magnitude [5, 21, 23].”
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A Pill for the Ill? Depression, Medicalization and Public Health.
Vilhelmsson, A. (2014) · Socialmedicinsk tidskrift · doi:10.62607/smt.v91i1.43076 · Cited by 14
“This blunting affect has been described in other research as well, where ‘being-on-SSRIs’ meant an increased distance between takers and their worlds and where previously emotionally close became no more important than ‘anyone else’ [15].”
Influential
Interprofessional care improves health-related well-being and reduces medical costs for chronic pain patients
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Antidepressant use and associations with psychosocial work characteristics. A comparative study of Swedish and Danish gainfully employed
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“Depressive disorders affect around 6–7% of the adult population in Western countries yearly (Wittchen and Jacobi, 2005; Kessler et al., 2008), and are associated with considerable morbidity and disability (Ustun et al.”
Background
The Devil in the Details: Public Health and Depression
Vilhelmsson, A. (2014) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00192 · Cited by 14
Italian psychiatric reform 1978: milestones for Italy and Europe in 2010?
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“least twice as high across Europe compared with Italy [11].”
Background
Identification and validation of argininosuccinate synthase as a candidate urinary biomarker for major depressive disorder
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“Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a widespread and debilitating psychiatric mood disorder that is associated with increased morbidity and decrease in the quality of life [1,2].”
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“, 1994, 2005b) and in Europe (Lépine, 2002; Wittchen and Jacobi, 2005).”
Background
Mental Ill Health, Public Health and Medicalization
Vilhelmsson, A., Svensson, T., & Meeuwisse, A. (2011) · Public Health Ethics · doi:10.1093/phe/phr030 · Cited by 14
Sickness allowance histories among disability retirees due to mental disorders: A retrospective case–control study
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Alcohol Use Disorder Is Differently Associated With Psychotic Symptoms According To Underlying Psychiatric Disorders: A General Population Study
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Psychiatrische Versorgungsepidemiologie
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Disease identification based on ambulatory drugs dispensation and in-hospital ICD-10 diagnoses: a comparison
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Second-Order Factor Structure of the Vancouver Obsessive Compulsive Inventory (VOCI) in a Non-Clinical Sample
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“0% in Europe (Wittchen and Jacobi, 2005).”
Angsterkrankungen
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Authors: Wittchen, H.-U., & Jacobi, F.
Affiliations: Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry (DE)
ORCID: Jacobi, Frank
Venue: European Neuropsychopharmacology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2005-08
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Pages: 357-376
ISSN: 0924-977X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2005.04.012
OpenAlex: W2107900025
Cited by: 1,503
References: 140
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 58 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 75 · 2016: 83 · 2015: 84 · 2014: 103 · 2013: 110 · 2012: 121
FWCI: 96.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
tud.qucosa.de
Licence: other-oa
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: European Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
Qucosa (Saxon State and University Library Dresden) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health and Medical Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
Keywords: mental illness, prevalence, disability burden, treatment utilization, unmet needs, comorbidities, anxiety disorders, depression, somatoform disorders, substance dependence, lost workdays, European Union, cross-national comparison, adolescent mental health, older adults
MeSH terms: Absenteeism, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Mental Disorders, Disability Evaluation, Europe, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health Services, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Residence Characteristics, Review Literature as Topic, Sex Factors, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Cost of Illness, Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry), Quality-Adjusted Life Years

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Size and burden of mental disorders in Europe—a critical review and appraisal of 27 studies

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