Acute atorvastatin treatment exerts antidepressant-like effect in mice via the l-arginine–nitric oxide–cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway and increases BDNF levels
Abstract
Atorvastatin is a synthetic and lipophilic statin that presents a good effect in decreasing cholesterol levels and is safe and well tolerated. Population-based studies have suggested a positive role of statins in reducing depression risk. This study aimed at investigating the atorvastatin effect in the tail suspension test (TST) and in the forced swimming test (FST). The participation of NMDA receptors and L-arginine-NO-cGMP in an atorvastatin antidepressant-like effect in the TST was evaluated. Acute atorvastatin administration (0.1-30 mg/kg) reduced the immobility time both in TST and FST. A similar effect was observed by using imipramine as a positive control in the TST and FST (1 and 0.1-1 mg/kg, p.o., respectively). An atorvastatin (0.1 mg/kg) antidepressant-like effect was prevented by the pretreatment of mice with NMDA (0.1 pmol/site, i.c.v.), L-arginine (750 mg/kg, i.p.) or sildenafil (5 mg/kg, i.p.). The administration of MK-801 (0.001 mg/kg, i.p.), ketamine (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.), 7-nitroindazole (50 mg/kg, i.p.), methylene blue (20 mg/kg, i.p.), or ODQ (30 pmol/site i.c.v.) in combination with a subeffective dose of atorvastatin (0.01 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced the immobility time in the TST compared to drugs alone, showing the participation of the pathway L-arginine-NO-cGMP. The administration of drugs did not produce any significant alteration in locomotor activity in the open-field test. Acute atorvastatin treatment (0.1-10.0 mg/kg, v.o.) increased the hippocampal BDNF levels, which is an effect that has not been observed in imipramine-treated mice. These results demonstrate that atorvastatin exerts an antidepressant-like effect and point to dependence on the inhibition of NMDA receptors and NO-cGMP synthesis, and on the increase of hippocampal BDNF levels.
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Atorvastatin promotes antidepressant-like effects and increases hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in rodents.
“Atorvastatin also promotes antidepressant-like effects and increases hippocampal BDNF levels in rodents [169].”
From Cognitive remission: a novel objective for the treatment of major depression? (2016) · cites this paper as [169]
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- Authors
- Ludka, F. K., Zomkowski, A. D. E., Cunha, M. P., Dal-Cim, T., Zeni, A. L. B., Rodrigues, A. L. S., & Tasca, C. I.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Tasca, Carla I.
- Venue
- European Neuropsychopharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-05
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 400-412
- ISSN
- 0924-977X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1999714210
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 6.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- atorvastatin, statins, antidepressant-like effects, depression, L-arginine, nitric oxide, cyclic GMP, NMDA receptor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, hippocampus, tail suspension test, forced swim test, imipramine, locomotor activity
- MeSH terms
- Atorvastatin, Animals, Antidepressive Agents, Arginine, Depression, Cyclic GMP, Heptanoic Acids, Male, Nitric Oxide, Pyrroles, Signal Transduction, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Mice
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