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Live fast, die young? A review on the developmental trajectories of ADHD across the lifespan
Open accessAbstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is highly heritable and the most common neurodevelopmental disorder in childhood. In recent decades, it has been appreciated that in a substantial number of cases the disorder does not remit in puberty, but persists into adulthood. Both in childhood and adulthood, ADHD is characterised by substantial comorbidity including substance use, depression, anxiety, and accidents. However, course and symptoms of the disorder and the comorbidities may fluctuate and change over time, and even age of onset in childhood has recently been questioned. Available evidence to date is poor and largely inconsistent with regard to the predictors of persistence versus remittance. Likewise, the development of comorbid disorders cannot be foreseen early on, hampering preventive measures. These facts call for a lifespan perspective on ADHD from childhood to old age. In this selective review, we summarise current knowledge of the long-term course of ADHD, with an emphasis on clinical symptom and cognitive trajectories, treatment effects over the lifespan, and the development of comorbidities. Also, we summarise current knowledge and important unresolved issues on biological factors underlying different ADHD trajectories. We conclude that a severe lack of knowledge on lifespan aspects in ADHD still exists for nearly every aspect reviewed. We encourage large-scale research efforts to overcome those knowledge gaps through appropriately granular longitudinal studies.
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“it is unclear whether the prevalence of adult ADHD changes with age.”
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“compared to childhood ADHD, adult ADHD has received far less research attention”
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“adult ADHD definitions strongly varying between studies”
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“few large population-based data sets spanning the full adult lifespan available [4-7]”
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Items 401–500 of 569
Tierney, J., Morrissey, A., Adamis, D., Wrigley, M., & Robinson, K. (2026) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-025-02955-8 · Cited by 2
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Metabolomic Profile in Children and Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders
Yadav, B. K., Tomar, M., Mohit, Pateriya, A., Kar, S., Arya, A., Shrivastava, A., & Gupta, P. (2026) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.25.1344 · Cited by 2
Gorski, J., Bonjo, L., Sassu, K., & Councilor, K. (2026) · Journal of LGBTQ Issues in Counseling · doi:10.1080/26924951.2025.2598565 · Cited by 2
Piccolo, A., Fauci, M. L., Domenico, C. D., Cara, M. D., Fulgenzi, A., Mancuso, N., Bonanno, L., Tresoldi, M., Muratore, R., Impallomeni, C., et al. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15020906 · Cited by 3
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“Given the distinct clinical and neurobiological profiles of ADHD subtypes, inattention symptoms are examined separately from hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms as each subtype presents with different challenges and different developmental trajectories (Franke et al., 2018).”
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“This is consistent with data that ADHD often presents more prominently in younger children (De Rossi et al., 2023) due to a gradual decline of symptom severity across the lifespan (Franke et al., 2018).”
A Novel Approach to ADHD Detection Using Handwriting and Image Processing
Budak, O. Y., Adak, M. F., & Sarıgedik, E. (2025) · 2025 7th International Congress on Human-Computer Interaction, Optimization and Robotic Applications (ICHORA) · doi:10.1109/ichora65333.2025.11017072 · Cited by 2
“In approximately 70-80% of children with ADHD, symptoms persist into adolescence and may continue into adulthood [7].”
From hyper- to hypo-: ADHD medications & sexual dysfunction.
Hale, E. W., Igoe, T. J., Bernat, O., Cohan, T., & Thompson, K. P. (2025) · Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1093/jsxmed/qdaf054 · Cited by 2
Grigore, M., Ionica, M. V., Pătru, L., Gheorman, V., & Wagner, A. P. (2025) · Current Health Sciences Journal · doi:10.12865/chsj.51.01.02 · Cited by 2
“These comorbidities contribute substantially to healthcare burdens, societal challenges, and economic costs [15,17,18].”
Victoria, V., & Setiawati, Y. (2025) · Medical Forum Monthly · doi:10.60110//medforum.360201 · Cited by 2
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“To complicate matters further, the co-occurrence of problems fl uctuates over time (Franke et al., 2018).”
Gomez, R., & Zarate, D. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-07370-5 · Cited by 2
“Evidence indicates a positive and strong association between affect lability and ADHD (Franke et al., 2018; The latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR) states that Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by two core symptoms:…”
Epigenetic age across development in children and adolescents with ADHD
Wrigglesworth, J., Fransquet, P., Ryabinin, P., Mooney, M. A., Craig, J. M., & Silk, T. (2025) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2025.116373 · Cited by 2
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TDAH en France : un défi en milieu scolaire
Fally, S. (2024) · Annales Médico-psychologiques, revue psychiatrique · doi:10.1016/j.amp.2024.09.001 · Cited by 2
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BackgroundFriendship matters—An interview study with adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Robertz, A., Kantzer, A.-K., Nilsson, S., Törnhage, C.-J., & Nyman, V. (2024) · PLOS mental health · doi:10.1371/journal.pmen.0000023 · Cited by 2
“While it aids organisational skills, daily life skills are also necessary [42].”
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Continuation of Treatment in Children With ADHD: A Multicenter Turkish Sample Study
Baykal, S., Osmanlı, C. Ç., Bozkurt, A., Önal, B. S., Şahin, B., Karaçizmeli, M., Gazi, A. Ö., & Karabekiroğlu, K. (2024) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547231222021 · Cited by 2
“ADHD in individuals whose symptoms commencing in childhood persist into adulthood has been associated with poor performance at work, unemployment, emotional, and marital problems, an increased risk of traffic accidents, substance use disorders, and a tendency to criminality (Franke et al., 2018).”
Adler, L. A., Anbarasan, D., Sardoff, T., Leon, T. L., Gallagher, R., Massimi, C., & Faraone, S. (2024) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547231222260 · Cited by 2
“The consequences of untreated adult ADHD are significant with higher rates of divorce, separation, job loss, motor vehicle accidents and substance use disorders and substantial societal cost (Faraone et al., 2015; Franke et al., 2018).”
BackgroundSelf-citationLow Persistence of Inattention Symptoms From Childhood to Adolescence: A Population-Based Study
Lundervold, A. J., Sørensen, L., Posserud, M.-B. R., & Hysing, M. (2023) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547231187147 · Cited by 4
Uğurpala, C., Tükel, R., Ziylan, E. Ç., Ertekin, E., & Berberoğlu, E. (2023) · Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001696 · Cited by 2
Gómez-Álzate, A. M., Hidalgo-López, C., Valencia, J. G., Martinez-Zamora, M. I., Aguirre–Acevedo, D. C., Cuartas-Arias, M., Arcos‐Burgos, M., Valencia‐Echeverry, J., López‐Jaramillo, C., & Palacio-Ortíz, J. D. (2023) · Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría (English ed ) · doi:10.1016/j.rcpeng.2021.03.006 · Cited by 1
“Ontheotherhand,astudycarriedout inColombiaalsoshowedahighprevalenceofADHDinparents (36.6%), although lower than that found in our study.5 However, it is not comparable because that study had a different methodology.”
ResultInfluentialNagano, S., Kamimura, N., Sota, S., Takahashi, H., Suganuma, N., & Kazui, H. (2023) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Reports · doi:10.1002/pcn5.104 · Cited by 3
“41 Meanwhile, adult ADHD may be linked to deteriorating brain function with age, and this decline may reach disorder levels in presenium, 40,42,43 thereby forcing these individuals to seek medical attention at a slightly earlier age.”
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Fracture rates by medication type in attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder
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“The neurobiology of ADHD seems to affect nearly all aspects of health (12).”
BackgroundPauli‐Pott, U., Cosan, A. S., Schloß, S., Skoluda, N., Nater, U. M., Tumala, S., Kruse, J., & Peters, E. M. J. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.10.007 · Cited by 2
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Gender Differences in ADHD Comorbidity During Adolescence: An Understudied Area in Need of Attention
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“Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are distinct psychiatric diagnoses (APA, 2013) sharing several impairing symptoms, such as increased impulsivity, distractibility and talkativeness (Asherson et al., 2014; Franke et al., 2018; Kitsune et al., 2016; Skirrow et al., 2012).”
Self-citationLeow, T. Y. Q., Sadhu, R., Mayall, M., McDERMOTT, B. M., Botha, B., Yiallourides, M., & Mongia, M. (2021) · Journal of Central Nervous System Disease · doi:10.1177/11795735211063985 · Cited by 2
“DSM-5 stipulates the presence of multiple inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms to be present before the age of 12 years for a diagnosis of ADHD, though the possibility of adolescent or adult-onset ADHD has also been proposed.(3,5) However, if gender is an influential variable in parents and teachers reportin…”
BackgroundRole of Copy Number Variations in ADHD
Krgović, D. (2020) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.94383 · Cited by 2
Coaching for Adults With ADHD: Gains at a Six-Week Follow-Up
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Self-citationCoaching for Adults With ADHD: A Prospective Study
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“It is common for individuals with ADHD to have comorbid diagnoses 2 and we did not fi nd any pre - intervention relationships between comorbidities and outcome variables of interest.”
Pharmacogenetics in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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CFTR acts as a potential therapeutic target for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder
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“Recognizing the unique clinical signs and symptoms in comorbidity between ADHD and mixed symptoms along bipolar spectrum is crucial, underscoring the importance of early diagnosis to improve the patient prognosis [5].”
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“…comorbidities, including but not limited to, substance use disorders (SUD), depression, as well as diminished quality of life, reduced treatment effectiveness, and even increased mortality when compared to the general population (Franke et al., 2018; Matthies et al., 2018; Weibel et al., 2020).”
BackgroundSelf-citationAi, B., Zhang, S.-Y., Fu, J.-Y., Yin, X., Wen, G., Sun, D.-L., Xian, D.-X., Zhao, Y., Lin, H.-L., Chen, W.-Q., et al. (2023) · Future · doi:10.3390/future1010005 · Cited by 1
“, preschool children), investigations among such populations are more imperative for the early prevention of ADHD [24].”
BackgroundThe Role of Circadian Rhythmicity and CLOCK Genes in Psychiatry
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“…implicating the red nucleus in midbrain is also consistent with our knowledge of phenotypic sharing between ASD and ADHD, as it relates to skilled movements and motor control in the limbs as well as jaw: both motor coordination problems and speech problems are frequent in both ASD and ADHD 49,50 .”
BackgroundSelf-citationGómez-León, M. (2020) · Psiquiatría Biológica · doi:10.1016/j.psiq.2020.06.003 · Cited by 1
Piacentino, D., Rossi, P. D., Kotzalidis, G. D., Maniscalco, I., Pompili, M., Giupponi, G., Hiemke, C., & Conca, A. (2020) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.2740 · Cited by 1
Lauth-Lebens, M., & Lauth, G. W. (2020) · Lernen und Lernstörungen · doi:10.1024/2235-0977/a000288 · Cited by 2
ADHD Genetics in Mouse and Man
Mortimer, N. (2021) · Online Publication Service of Würzburg University (Würzburg University) · doi:10.25972/opus-23626
ADHD: A Neurodevelopmental Disorder
Pallanti, S., & Salerno, L. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-39051-8_2 · Cited by 2
Adult ADHD: Future Directions for Practice and Research
Pallanti, S., & Salerno, L. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-39051-8_20 · Cited by 2
Rodríguez-López, M. L., Pol, H. E. H., Franke, B., & Klein, M. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/750091 · Cited by 4
“…as well as antisocial behavior (ASB) and antisocial personality disorder co-occur frequently with ADHD, as different studies showed high prevalence of comorbid ADHD with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)/Conduct Disorder (CD), ranging from 25% up to 80% (reviewed in (Franke et al., 2018)).”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe relationship between ADHD and creativity in childhood and adolescence—A systematic review
Szabo, J., & Linderkamp, F. (2026) · Social Sciences & Humanities Open · doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2026.103791
Wrigglesworth, J., Chirokoff, V., Fransquet, P., Anderson, V. A., Bellgrove, M. A., & Silk, T. J. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.10.20.760579
“There is considerable heterogeneity in symptom profiles between individuals, which can also fluctuate within an individual throughout the course of development (Franke et al., 2018; Sibley et al., 2022).”
Bhargava, P., Srivastava, P., Kushwaha, K., Singh, S., Sharma, A. K., & Misra, A. (2026) · International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology · doi:10.25258/ijddt.16.76s.83
“Studies carried out over long periods of time have suggested that about 40 to 60 percent of people who are diagnosed with ADHD in childhood continue to display signs of ADHD in adulthood [12,14].”
From childhood to adulthood: an attempt to model long-term outcomes of ADHD using machine learning
van der Plas, N. E., Bennis, F., Franke, B., Hartman, C., Hoekstra, P. J., Nijmeijers, A., Oblong, L., Rommelse, N. N. J., Sprooten, E., Luman, M., et al. (2026) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-026-03204-2
Self-citationMagno, M., Martella, D., Leone, S., Pastore, A., Strozza, C., Caselani, E., Cortese, S., D'Addazio, M., Dieleman, G., Franić, T., et al. (2026) · JCPP Advances · doi:10.1002/jcv2.70174
“Internalising and externalising symptom profiles often precede or accompany diagnostic reclassification, particularly as externalising presentations evolve into mood or anxiety disorders during adolescence (Franke et al., 2018; Nikstat & Riemann, 2020).”
The developmental dopamine trajectory hypothesis of ADHD across the lifespan
Custodio, R. J. P., Getzmann, S., Wascher, E., Pan, M. C., Samante, F. I., Samante, F. L. D., Kim, B.-N., Kim, H. J., Yi, E. C., & Cheong, J. H. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1944446
“In adulthood, the model predicts continued pharmacological heterogeneity as developmental and clinical factors contribute to diverse phenotypes characterized by executive dysfunction, motivational dysregulation, emotional instability, and internal restless-ness rather than overt hyperactivity (56).”
InfluentialTuokko, M., Ämmälä, A., Paunio, T., TAIMELA, S. P., & Leppämäki, S. (2026) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2026.10794
New and emerging therapeutics and molecular targets for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Haavik, J. (2026) · Expert opinion on therapeutic targets · doi:10.1080/14728222.2026.2747529
“As ADHD symptoms in most cases persist into adulthood and may even be lifelong, most ADHD cases in the population are adults [13].”
Self-citationThe Quest for MicroRNAs as Biomarkers of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.
Wang, L.-J., Lee, S.-Y., & Li, S.-C. (2026) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2026.07.011
Individualised Structural and Functional Frontostriatal Connectivity Mapping in Adult ADHD
Tolonen, T., Laine, M., Alho, K., Leppämäki, S., Tani, P., Koski, A., Salmitaival, J., & Roine, T. (2026) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.70652
Doyle, A., Ramachandiran, A. K., Bugarinovic, M., Gunning, F., Verhaak, P. F., Vuijk, P., Doshi-Velez, F., & Perlis, R. (2026) · Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2026.09.012
Putra, H. A., & Park, K. (2026) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.70647
“Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are increasingly recognized as dimensional traits that vary continuously across the general population, rather than defining a discrete diagnostic category (Franke et al. 2018; Lubke et al. 2009; Marcus and Barry 2011).”
Neurodevelopmental reward dysregulation and addiction risk in ADHD
Custodio, R. J. P., Yi, E. C., Kim, B.-N., & Cheong, J. H. (2026) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-026-02370-3
Bolacalı, E. T., & Küçükoğlu, S. (2026) · Ahi evran medical journal · doi:10.46332/aemj.1627327
Salo, M., Hurtig, T., Nordstrom, T., Timonen, J., & Halt, A. (2026) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039488.2026.2714819
“Thus Eng et al. [7] found that aging and pubertal development were associated with ADHD symptoms, and Franke et al. [8], in their discussion of fluctuations in ADHD symptoms, particularly identified the transition from adolescence to adulthood as problematic due to difficulties in the continuity of…”
Reaction time variability and attentional impairment in hoarding disorder.
Worden, B. L., Manjarrez, E., & Timpano, K. (2026) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2026.105135
van der Plas, N. E., Kaag, A. M., Franke, B., Hartman, C. A., Hoekstra, P. J., Rommelse, N. N. J., Sprooten, E., Oosterlaan, J., Luman, M., & Noordermeer, S. D. S. (2026) · Neurodiversity · doi:10.1177/27546330261480183
Self-citationJóźwiak, J. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27156748
“Consequently, differences in dopaminergic activation dynamics may represent one potential mechanism underlying the remarkable clinical heterogeneity observed across ADHD populations [87].”
Kelly, T., May, B., Porter, C. N., & Palace, M. (2026) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/10870547261469625
Senequier, A., Iliodromiti, S., & Agnew‐Blais, J. C. (2026) · JCPP Advances · doi:10.1002/jcv2.70146
“Type of ADHD symptom may underpin some of these differences, as PA was more strongly associated with hyperactivity symptoms, which are also less frequent among girls (Franke et al., 2018).”
Tavares, M., Grevet, E., Schuch, J., Temoteo, I., Vitola, E., Santos, I. J., Ciochetti, N., Oliveira, V. F., Bandeira, C., Rohde, L., et al. (2026) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-026-04180-6
“Attention-De fi cit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric condition associated with substantial morbidity [1, 2].”
Michelini, G., Liao, W., Lu, S. D., Caserini, C., Eley, T. C., Ronald, A., Wilson, S., Malanchini, M., & Rimfeld, K. (2026) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-026-03714-0
“The neurodevelopmental spectrum consistently captured attention dif fi culties across development, which are a de fi ning feature of ADHD but also associated with many other neurodevelopmental conditions (e.g., dif fi culties switching attention in autism) [13, 79].”
Self-citationAssociation Between Probable Adult ADHD and Profession in India: A Cross-Sectional Study
Gupta, A. D., Ray, B., Basu, A., Singh, R. B. S., Sarkar, S., & Ghosh, A. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.112114
“Contrary to earlier beliefs that ADHD is exclusively a childhood disorder, research has established that ADHD symptoms may persist into adulthood in a substantial proportion of individuals [1-3].”
Roncero, C., Torres, M. M., Remón-Gallo, D., Aguilar, L., Andrés-Olivera, P., González-Pelaez, P., García-Ullán, L., Cobo-Cuadrado, M. S., & González-Sánchez, A. (2026) · Medical Sciences · doi:10.3390/medsci14030377
“Indeed, previous longitudinal studies have reported increased mortality among individuals with the hyperactive-impulsive presentation of ADHD, particularly from causes related to impulsive behaviours [26].”
Napoli, R. D., Laino, L. V., Rafaniello, C., Costanzo, L. D., Sullo, M. G., Scavone, C., & Capuano, A. (2026) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph19071122
“Some authors suggested that this difference could be related to a lower rating on core symptoms of ADHD among females, which reflects a general delay in recognising ADHD in this population [25,26].”
Müller, V., Vízhányó, D., & Piko, B. F. (2026) · Magyar Pszichológiai Szemle · doi:10.1556/0016.2026.00185
A bibliometric analysis of executive functions in ADHD mapping trends and hotspots
Zhou, Q., Chen, C., Tong, J., & Han, P. (2026) · Discover Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s44192-026-00495-4
“In clinical practice, ADHD typically presents with predominant hyperactivity and impulsivity in childhood, while in adolescence and adulthood, symptoms of inattention tend to become more prominent [5, 6].”
Waltereit, J., Borghoff, C., Schulte‐Rüther, M., Roessner, V., & Waltereit, R. (2026) · Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1024/1422-4917/a001078
Lu, W., He, X., Lei, P., Liu, Y., Zhan, X., Ma, Q., Yan, B., Ma, X., Yang, J., & Gao, Y. (2026) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-026-03076-6
“Destructive externalizing behaviors are more likely to attract the attention of parents, teachers and doctors, but covert internalizing behaviors are often ignored [17, 18].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Franke, B., Michelini, G., Asherson, P., Banaschewski, T., Bilbow, A., Buitelaar, J. K., Cormand, B., Faraone, S. V., Ginsberg, Y., Haavik, J., Kuntsi, J., Larsson, H., Lesch, K.-P., Ramos-Quiroga, J. A., Réthelyi, J. M., Ribases, M., & Reif, A.
- Affiliations
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- King's College London (GB)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- Radboud University Medical Center (NL)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ES)
- SUNY Upstate Medical University (US)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Haukeland University Hospital (NO)
- Sechenov University (RU)
- Semmelweis University (HU)
- University Hospital Frankfurt (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Franke, Barbara
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Neuropsychopharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-10
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1059-1088
- ISSN
- 0924-977X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6379245
- OpenAlex
- W2891070637
- Cited by
- 643
- References
- 285
- Citations by year
- 2026: 73 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 92 · 2023: 91 · 2022: 86 · 2021: 90 · 2020: 81 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 7.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- European Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Dipòsit Digital de Documents de la UAB (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona (Universitat de Barcelona) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Online Publication Service of Würzburg University (Würzburg University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Publication Server of Goethe University Frankfurt am Main (Goethe University Frankfurt) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Semmelweis University Repository (Semmelweis University) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (n° 602805 (AGGRESSOTYPE), 603016 (MATRICS), 278948 (TACTICS), 602450 (IMAGEMEND))
- European Community's Horizon 2020 Programme (n° 643051 (MiND) and 667302 (CoCA))
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), i.e. the Vici Innovation Program (016-130-669)
- Hungarian Brain Research Program (NAP-B KTIA_NAP_13-2014-0011)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD persistence, remission, comorbidities, substance use disorders, depression, anxiety, accidents, age of onset, cognitive trajectories, treatment effects, lifespan development, neurodevelopmental disorders, biological factors
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Humans, Comorbidity
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