Psilocybin-assisted therapy for depression: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of human studies
Open accessAbstract
Psilocybin is increasingly studied for its antidepressant effect, but its optimal dosage for depression remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review and a dose-response meta-analysis to find the optimal dosage of psilocybin to reduce depression scores. Following our protocol (CRD 42022220190) multiple electronic databases were searched from their inception until February 2023, to identify double-blind randomized placebo-controlled (RCTs) fixed-dose trials evaluating the use of psilocybin for adult patients with primary or secondary depression. A one-stage dose-response meta-analysis with restricted cubic splines was used. Cochrane risk of bias was used to assess risk of bias. Our analysis included seven studies with a total of 489 participants. Among these, four studies focused on primary depression (N = 366), including one study with patients suffering from treatment-resistant depression. The remaining three studies examined secondary depression (N = 123). The determined 95% effective doses per day (ED95) were 8.92, 24.68, and 36.08 mg/70 kg for patients with secondary depression, primary depression, and both subgroups, respectively. We observed significant dose-response associations for all curves, each plateauing at different levels, except for the bell-shaped curve observed in the case of secondary depression. Additionally, we found significant dose-response associations for various side effects, including physical discomfort, blood pressure increase, nausea/vomiting, headache/migraine, and the risk of prolonged psychosis. In conclusion, we discovered specific ED95 values for different populations, indicating higher ED95 values for treatment-resistant depression, primary depression, and secondary depression groups. Further RCTs are necessary for each population to determine the optimal dosage, allowing for maximum efficacy while minimizing side effects.
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Emerging research supports the safety and efficacy of psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) in a controlled clinical environment for several treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders including depression, PTSD, substance use disorders, social anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder.
“Emerging research supports the safety and efficacy of psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) when administered in a controlled clinical environment (1, 2) for several treatment-resistant psychiatric disorders including depression (3–5), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (6, 7), substance use disorders (8, 9), social anxiety (10), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (11).”
From Psychoanalytically informed MDMA-assisted therapy for pathological narcissism: a novel theoretical approach (2025) · cites this paper as [4]
For anxiety, lower doses should be considered 22.78 mg/70 kg.
“whereas for anxiety lower doses should be considered 22.78 mg/70 kg. 47”
From The revival of psilocybin between scientific excitement, evidence of efficacy, and real-world challenges (2024) · cites this paper as [47]
For TRD, the optimal dose is suggested to be higher, with an effective dose of 40 mg/70 kg.
“For TRD, the optimal dose is suggested to be higher, with an effective dose of 40 mg/70 kg”
From The revival of psilocybin between scientific excitement, evidence of efficacy, and real-world challenges (2024) · cites this paper as [47]
According to two recent dose-response meta-analyses, the most effective dose for depressive disorders appears to be between 24.68 mg/70 kg and 35 mg/70 kg.
“According to two recent dose -response meta-analyses, the most effective dose for depressive disorders appears to be between 24.68 mg/70 kg 47 and 35 mg/70 kg. 48”
From The revival of psilocybin between scientific excitement, evidence of efficacy, and real-world challenges (2024) · cites this paper as [47]
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The safety of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy: A systematic review
de Freitas, R. R., Gotsis, E. S., Gallo, A. T., Fitzgibbon, B. M., Bailey, N. W., & Fitzgerald, P. B. (2024) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00048674241289024 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“The majority of previously published systematic reviews have simultaneously evaluated both the effectiveness and safety of psilocybin (Goel and Zilate, 2022; Perez et al., 2023; Van Amsterdam and Van den Brink, 2022).”
Otto, M. E., van der Heijden, K. V., Schoones, J. W., van Esdonk, M. J., Borghans, L. G. J. M., Jacobs, G. E., & van Hasselt, J. G. C. (2025) · Clinical Pharmacokinetics · doi:10.1007/s40262-024-01454-4 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“It is currently being investigated for its clinical application in the treatment of various psychiatric disorders [1].”
Świeczkowski, D., Kwaśny, A., Pruc, M., Gaca, Z., Szarpak, P. L., & Cubała, W. J. (2024) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116337 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Højlund, M., Kafalı, H. Y., Kırmızı, B., Fusar‐Poli, P., Correll, C. U., Cortese, S., Sabé, M., Fiedorowicz, J. G., Saraf, G., Zein, J., et al. (2025) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2025.09.011 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Namiot, E. D., Smirnovová, D., Sokolov, A. V., Chubarev, V. N., Tarasov, V. V., & Schiöth, H. B. (2024) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-024-03031-6 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Calder, A. E., Rausch, B., Liechti, M. E., Holze, F., & Hasler, G. (2024) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811241278873 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Given the dose–response effects reported by recent meta-analyses with greater dose ranges and sample sizes, we would not draw strong conclusions from this (Perez et al., 2023).”
BackgroundWang, S., Kim, S., Choi, W.-S., Lim, H. K., Woo, Y. S., Pae, C., & Bahk, W. (2023) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.23.1134 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“This treat-ment gap, coupled with the pressing need for alternative approaches, has spurred interest in the therapeutic potential of psychedelic compounds, with psilocybin emerging as a prominent candidate [4].”
BackgroundKontoghiorghes, G. J. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms242316749 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“For example, individual variations in drug responses [1], differences among populations [2], different drug formulations [3], single or multiple drug administration [4] and different routes of drug administration [5] all have different effects on treatments.”
BackgroundHultgren, J., Hafsteinsson, M. H., & Brulin, J. G. (2025) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2025.07.020 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Salvetti, G., Saccenti, D., Moro, A. S., Lamanna, J., & Ferro, M. (2024) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci14080829 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Zeifman, R. J., & Maia, L. O. (2023) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.09.007 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Fonseca, A. M., SANTOS, R. G. D., de Medeiros, L. S., Veiga, T. A. M., Cassas, F., Bruniera, C. P., Rossi, G. N., Bouso, J. C., Hallak, J. E. C., Santos, F. P., et al. (2024) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-024-01817-9 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Incremental efficacy systematic review and meta-analysis of psilocybin-for-depression RCTs
Borgogna, N. C., Owen, T., Petrovitch, D., Vaughn, J., Johnson, D. A., Pagano, L. A., Aita, S. L., & Hill, B. D. (2025) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-025-06788-w · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“To date, several meta-analyses have already evaluated the therapeutic effects of psilocybin on depression (Goldberg et al. 2020; Haikazian et al. 2023; N. X. Li et al. 2022; Metaxa & Clarke 2024; Perez et al. 2023; Yu et al. 2022).”
Szafoni, S., Gręblowski, P., Grabowska, K., & Więckiewicz, G. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1406888 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“Conversely, the maximum effective dose for secondary depression is lower (8.92 mg/70 kg) than for primary depression (24.68 mg/70 kg) (109).”
BackgroundInfluentialPharmacological Monotherapy for Depressive Disorders: Current and Future—A Narrative Review
Gao, K., Oruc, E. B., & Koparal, B. (2025) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina61040558 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Advancing past ketamine: emerging glutamatergic compounds for the treatment of depression
Freudenberg, F., Reif-Leonhard, C., & Reif, A. (2024) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-024-01875-z · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“The most promising of these substances that are the subject of a number of completed and still ongoing clinical trials are psilocy-bin (and other 5-HT2A partial agonists, i.e. psychedelics) [103–105], and the muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist scopolamine [106, 107].”
Wilson‐Poe, A. R., Hoffman, K. A., Pertl, K., Luoma, J., Bazinet, A. D., Stauffer, C. S., McCarty, D. W., & Korthuis, P. T. (2024) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2024.2401982 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“…(LSD), and other serotonergic psychedelics may induce enduring improvements in treatment-resistant depression, alcohol and tobacco use disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (Bogenschutz et al. 2022; Johnson et al. 2014; Perez et al. 2023; Sarmanlu et al. 2023; Wong et al. 2023).”
Scala, M., Fabbri, C., Fusar-Poli, P., Di Lorenzo, G., Ferrara, M., Amerio, A., Fusar-Poli, L., Pichiecchio, A., Asteggiano, C., Menchetti, M., et al. (2024) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852924002268 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“68mg/70kg 47 and 35 mg/70 kg. 48 For TRD, the optimal dose is suggested to be higher, with an effective dose of 40 mg/70 kg, whereas for anxiety lower doses should be considered 22.78 mg/70 kg. 47 However, these results were likely influenced by publication and reporting bias.”
InfluentialFang, Q., Chan, V. K. Y., Chan, S. S. M., Jiao, Y., Wang, J., & Li, X. (2024) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115960 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Amaev, A., Song, J., Kambari, Y., Carmona-Torres, E., Abdolizadeh, A., Ueno, F., Koizumi, T., Strafella, A. P., Husain, M. I., Graff‐Guerrero, A., et al. (2025) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2025.03.022 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Neurobiology of the Antidepressant Effects of Serotonergic Psychedelics: A Narrative Review
Chisamore, N., Kaczmarek, E. S., Le, G. H., Wong, S., Orsini, D. K., Mansur, R. B., McIntyre, R. S., & Rosenblat, J. D. (2024) · Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40501-024-00319-8 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Given that comprehensive and systematic overviews already exist in the literature [7, 14–16], only recent articles were reviewed to provide an update on the status of serotonergic psychedelics for the treatment of MDD and TRD. Serotonergic psychedelics were considered to include psilocybin, LSD,…”
Świeczkowski, D., Kwaśny, A., & Cubała, W. J. (2025) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111419 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Concomitant use of antidepressants and classic psychedelics: A scoping review
Tap, S. C., Thomas, K. L. H., Páleníček, T., Stenbæk, D. S., Oliveira-Maia, A. J., van Dalfsen, J. H., & Schoevers, R. A. (2025) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811251368360 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“…reviews have supported the promising therapeutic efficacy of psyche-delics, often combined with psychological support (Johnson et al., 2008), with rapid and sustained improvements in a sizeable proportion of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) (Andersen et al., 2021; Perez et al., 2023).”
A Critical View on New and Future Antidepressants
Serretti, A. (2024) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.23.1145 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Therefore a number of studies have been performed [42-44].”
BackgroundPsychedelika und Dissoziativa in der Psychiatrie: Herausforderungen in der Behandlung
Jungwirth, J., Bavato, F., & Quednow, B. B. (2024) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-024-01727-0 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Roseby, W., Kettner, H., Roseman, L., Spriggs, M. J., Lyons, T., Peill, J., Giribaldi, B., Erritzøe, D., Nutt, D. J., & Carhart-Harris, R. L. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1580663 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Treatment approaches and efficacy in psychedelic-induced psychosis: A systematic review
Sulstarova, A., Scheuerlein, L., Monari, S., Seragnoli, F., Thorens, G., Preller, K. H., Böge, K., Sentissi, O., Kaiser, S., Solmi, M., et al. (2025) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2025.104604 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Dominiak, M., Gędek, A., Modrzejewski, S., Permoda-Pachuta, A., & Antosik-Wójcińska, A. Z. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15010253 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Moreover, the therapeutic effects of psilocybin in treating depression can be seen within a day, unlike antidepressants [8].”
InfluentialAlbert, A. E., & Back, A. L. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1529427 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Calnan, M., Blest‐Hopley, G., Busch, C., Adams, M., Ruffell, S., Piper, T., Roseman, L., Kettner, H., & Carhart-Harris, R. L. (2025) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.70660 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Brakha, T. A., Buchard, A., Mabilais, C., Alaux, S., Amberger, C., Furtado, L., Seragnoli, F., Briefer, J.-F., Thorens, G., Sabé, M., et al. (2026) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2026.116992 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses pooling these trials report at least moderate benefits of psilocybin-assisted therapy, while also highlighting small sample sizes, short follow-up and risks of unblinding and expectancy effects [13, 14].”
Ellis, S., Bostian, C. M., Donnelly, A. J., Feng, W., Eisen, K., Lean, M., Conlan, E., Ostacher, M. J., Aaronson, S. T., & Suppes, T. M. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119655 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Bukovsky, D., Amaev, A., Song, J., Kyte, S., Carmona-Torres, E., Ueno, F., Luca, V. D., Strafella, A. P., Husain, M. I., Graff‐Guerrero, A., et al. (2025) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111541 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Świeczkowski, D., Kwaśny, A., Pruc, M., Gaca, Z., Szarpak, Ł., & Cubała, W. J. (2025) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.1177/00912174251337572 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“30 Discussions about the optimal dose should not lead to oversimpli fi cation of the dosing paradigm for psychedelics.”
Entheogen: an evolutionary medicine for neuropsychiatric disorders
Wang, Y., & Wang, X. (2025) · National Science Review · doi:10.1093/nsr/nwaf168 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy in adults with depression - A literature review.
Dorczok, M. C., Mittmann, G., Ettl, T., & Steiner-Hofbauer, V. (2025) · Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111508 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Ziadi, Y., & Park, T. (2026) · Value in Health Regional Issues · doi:10.1016/j.vhri.2026.101605 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Integrative Interventions for Improving Outcomes in Depression: A Narrative Review
Halma, M. T. J., Plothe, C., & Marik, P. E. (2024) · Psychology International · doi:10.3390/psycholint6020033 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
With great power comes great responsibility: Promise and caution in the new psychedelic renaissance
Halma, M. T. J., Levy, R., & Varón, J. (2025) · Brain Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.dscb.2025.100286 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Romeo, B., Kervadec, E., Fauvel, B., Strika-Bruneau, L., Mathieu, P., Amirouche, A., Bezo, A., Hacquet, R., Piolino, P., & Benyamina, A. (2026) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2026.111621 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Psilocybin-assisted therapy for major depressive disorder: Perspective from meta-analysis
Kishi, T., Sakuma, K., Hatano, M., Uchida, H., & Iwata, N. (2026) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2026.121675 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Psychedelic-induced hypomania and mania: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Eskinazi, M., Nasserdine, R., Cusin, R. M., Baniotoupoulos, P., Saccaro, L. F., Pieri, M. D., Corino, T., Seragnoli, F., Briefer, J.-F., Brakha, T. A., et al. (2026) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-026-03657-6 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Psilocybin and LSD has shown promising antidepressant effects in treatment-resistant depression and major depressive disorder, with several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrating rapid and durable symptom relief [2].”
de Miranda, A. S., Toscano, E. C. D. B., Venna, V. R., Graeff, F. G., & Teixeira, A. L. (2025) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1080/17460441.2025.2460674 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Recent meta-analyses have shown that classic psychedelics cause rapid antidepressant effects in patients with depression, although research in TRD is still very limited [114,115].”
Irremediable Psychiatric Suffering, a Potential Indication for Psilocybin Treatment
Somers, M., & Scheepers, F. E. (2025) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.20240121 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The psychedelic renaissance: psilocybin, a breakthrough for treatment resistant depression?
Norman, T. R. (2025) · Exploration of neuroscience · doi:10.37349/en.2025.1006105 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Santos, C. R. M., Sousa, J. G. D. A., Dantas, E. M. O. C., Figueiredo, L. F. S., Alencar, A. S. D., Silva, R. M., Leite, S. F. A., Bringel, D. D. O. M., Pinheiro, N. P., Ribeiro, R. A., et al. (2024) · Brazilian Journal of Health Review · doi:10.34119/bjhrv7n2-178 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Visões Contemporâneas sobre Tratamentos para a Depressão: Uma Análise da Literatura Recente
Levada, L. P., Cruz, T. P., Barbosa, J. L. D. S., FRANÇA, C. D. A., Santos, A. F., de Oliveira, S. S., BARROS, M. V. D., da Costa, L. F., Lopes, J. S. C., de Castro, A. C. C., et al. (2024) · Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences · doi:10.36557/2674-8169.2024v6n4p1034-1044 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Johnson, D. E., Meshkat, S., Kaczmarek, E. S., Rabin, J. S., Brudner, R. M., Chisamore, N., Doyle, Z., Bawks, J., Riva-Cambrin, J., Mansur, R. B., et al. (2025) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2025.111565 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Advancing treatment paradigms: the role of psilocybin in managing major depressive disorder
Rasheed, S., Arif, R., Raza, A. A., & Samadi, A. (2025) · Annals of Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1097/ms9.0000000000004349 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…et al [ 23 ] Open-label clinical trial 10 mg + 25 mg Effective for treatment-resistant depression 12 No placebo, small sample Perez et al [ 25 ] Systematic review & meta-analysis Varied doses Dose-response relationship for depression N/A (11 studies) Dose variability, limited long-term…”
InfluentialMartens, M., Cunha, B. G., Erritzøe, D., Nutt, D., Carhart-Harris, R. L., & Harmer, C. J. (2025) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-025-03693-w · Cited by 3 · see citing works
He, Z., Wang, Y., Chen, J., Cheng, J., Feng, Y., Niu, S., & Yan, J. (2026) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-025-02165-y · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Compared with previous research [ 22, 37], our study incorporates a larger number of trials and participants and a longer follow-up duration.”
InfluentialSabé, M., Grof, P., Sackett, N. B., Tai, S., Kryskow, P., Bershad, A. K., Turkington, D., Buonarroti, M., Pieri, M. D., Baniotopoulos, P., et al. (2026) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2026.03.003 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hood, A., & Elkins, G. R. (2026) · Journal of Psychedelic Studies · doi:10.1556/2054.2026.00507 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Blocking 5-HT2B receptors abolishes psilocybin’s efficacy in the rat forced swim test
Seillier, L., Seillier, A., Zvolska, M. A., & Šlamberová, R. (2026) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811261458349 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The role of psilocybin in depressive disorders
Najib, J. (2024) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1080/03007995.2024.2396536 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“…studies will also determine the most efficacious and optimal dose in managing depressive disorders, as a more recent analysis noted that half of psilo-cybin antidepressant effect occurred at doses of 10.13 mg/ 70 kg while doses of 41.14 mg/70 kg achieved 95% of the antidepressant effect 86 .”
InfluentialBakshi, B., Yerraguntla, S., Armon, C., Barkhaus, P. E., Bertorini, T. E., Bowser, R. P., Breevoort, S. R., Bromberg, M. B., Brown, A. D., Carter, G. T., et al. (2024) · Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration · doi:10.1080/21678421.2024.2441274 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“The frequency of all these side effects increased with increasing doses (20).”
InfluentialPsilocybin Therapy for Depression and Anxiety in Parkinson's Disease: An Open-Label Pilot TrialPreprint
Bradley, E., Sakai, K., Fernandes‐Osterhold, G., Szigeti, B., Ludwig, C., Ostrem, J. L., Tanner, C. M., Bock, M., Llerena, K., Finley, P. R., et al. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4871260 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bhagavan, C., Carter, O. L., Nielsen, G., Berlowitz, D. J., Issak, S., Braat, S., Zaloumis, S. G., Attard, Z., Oliver, G., Mayne, D., et al. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2025.12.22.25342874 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Is there credible evidence to assert psilocybin-assisted therapy for depression?
Nogueira, G. N., Vasconcelos, M. M. A., Souza, F. G. D. M. E., & Bisol, L. W. (2023) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.11.003
Wąsik, K., Tomaszuk, S., & Wojtuś, M. (2023) · Journal of Education Health and Sport · doi:10.12775/jehs.2023.50.01.005
Rodrigues, R. M. D. M. (2024) · Psychedelics. · doi:10.61373/pp024c.0022
Exploring psilocybin’s role in mental health and palliative medicine: a path to improved well-being
Umbacia, M. A., León, M., Quintero, J.-M., Castro, L.-M., Páez, V., Dodd, S., & Bustos, R. (2025) · Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs · doi:10.1080/14728214.2025.2488786
“Many current trials are small, under-powered, and lack adequate blinding, which can lead to unreliable results and preventable bias [40–42].”
Joseph, K., Collins, J., Genovese, T. S., Maxwell, M., LIEBERMAN, J., & Osten, P. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.05.26.655791
“Early studies indicate that a single hallucinogenic dose (25 mg in humans) can produce rapid antidepressant effects lasting weeks, whereas a non-hallucinogenic dose (10 mg) does not confer clear therapeutic benefit (Davis et al., 2021; Goodwin et al., 2022; Perez et al., 2023; Raison et al., 2023).”
Roseby, W., & Moar, C. O. (2025) · Psychoactives · doi:10.3390/psychoactives4040041
“Given the ability of psychedelics to treat depression [21–24, 333 ], psychedelic While classical psychedelics are physiologically safe and fairly well-tolerated [334], they can sometimes produce acutely dysphoric ‘challenging experiences’ [335].”
Bennett, G. (2025) · SpringerBriefs in modern perspectives on disability research. · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-4119-5_3
Therapeutic Benefits of Psilocybin in Treating Depression
Bennett, G. (2025) · SpringerBriefs in modern perspectives on disability research. · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-4119-5_2
Vidigal, D. C., Ferreira, M. F. M. D. P., & de Faria, R. S. (2026) · Research Society and Development · doi:10.33448/rsd-v15i1.50263
Blaise, C. R. (2026) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-026-05443-x
“Numerous studies, reviews, and meta-analyses (Perez et al., 2023 ; Sanches et al., 2016 ; Davis et al., 2021 ; Rucker et al., 2016 ; Goodwin et al., 2023 ; Raison et al., 2023 ; dos; San-tos et al., 2016 ) have demonstrated that psychedelics significantly reduce depressive symptoms in cases of both…”
Deska, Ł., Kosmecki, C., Głaz, D., Kamińska, N., Sołtys, W., Stolarczyk, M., Głaz, M., Stronczyński, M., Jagura-Sukiennik, A., & Wawerska, J. (2026) · International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science · doi:10.31435/ijitss.1(49).2026.4711
Psilocybin-induced neurocardiogenic syncope: a case report
Atiq, M. A., Weisman, E., Guerra, R. B., Martinez, L. L., Yaden, D. B., Barrett, F. S., Nayak, S., & Sayalı, C. (2026) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-026-07079-8
From Resistance to Redesign—The Emerging Logic of Hybrid Care in Treatment-Resistant Depression
Mucci, F., Gurrieri, R., Bouanani, S., Gambini, M., Russomanno, G., & Marazziti, D. (2026) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci16060612
Kervadec, E., Pauline, M., Fauvel, B., Strika-Bruneau, L., Amirouche, A., Piolino, P., Benyamina, A., Roméo, B., & Hacquet, R. (2026) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2026.111770
Research progress of depression and pain comorbidity: Animal model, mechanism, treatment strategy
Li, Q., Ren, L., Tu, K., Zhang, Z., Yang, X., Li, M., Jiang, L., Wang, S., & Zhou, J. (2026) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2026.112023
Estela-Fernandez, C. A., Elsheikh, R. M. Y., Beatrice, D. F., Alhendal, A. A., Ewe, C. I., Montesinos, S. Y., Wensel, J., Mishra, A. P., Yousif, A. A., & Ali, H. T. (2026) · Neuropsychiatrie · doi:10.1007/s40211-026-00584-4
Cellular mechanisms of serotonergic psychedelics - apical hypercontextualisation
Kaup, K., Jiménez, J. H., & Aru, J. (2026) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2026.106876
Johnston, J. N., Jones, G. H., Peng, S., Yuan, P., Yavi, M., Kadriu, B., Henter, I. D., Quintanilla, B., Elkahloun, A. G., Moaddel, R., et al. (2026) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-026-03768-0
Bhagavan, C., Carter, O. L., Nielsen, G., Berlowitz, D. J., Issak, S., Braat, S., Zaloumis, S. G., Attard, Z., Oliver, G., Mayne, D., et al. (2026) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40263-026-01326-4
“de Morton Mobility Index Functional movement exploration de Morton Mobility Index + functional movement exploration the Box and Block Test and three to six symbols for the Digit Symbol Substitution Test) [54, 55, 62].”
Civardi, S. C., Besana, F., Durbano, F., Toscano, M. O. M., Raffone, F., Dell’Osso, B. M., & Olivola, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1858319
“Particular attention should be paid to higher doses of psilocybin, as a recent study suggested a dose-response relationship (83).”
Caution before canonisation: a clinical and implementation science perspective on psychedelics
Paris, A., Thoma, F., Velentza, A., Pavlopoulou, P., & Metaxas, G. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1922928
“…research conditions and this inference is broadly consistent with fi ndings from several recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses examining psychedelic-assisted therapies across multiple indications, including depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, and substance use disorders (12, 13, 45).”
- Authors
- Perez, N., Langlest, F., Mallet, L., De Pieri, M., Sentissi, O., Thorens, G., Seragnoli, F., Zullino, D., Kirschner, M., Kaiser, S., Solmi, M., & Sabé, M.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital of Geneva (CH)
- University of Geneva (CH)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Sabé, Michel
- ORCID
- Venue
- European Neuropsychopharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-11
- Volume
- 76
- Pages
- 61-76
- ISSN
- 0924-977X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4385628167
- Cited by
- 88
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 6
- FWCI
- 4.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- European Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychedelics and Drug Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Keywords
- psilocybin, depression, dose-response relationship, antidepressant effects, treatment-resistant depression, secondary depression, effective dose, adverse effects, psychosis risk, psychedelics
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Antidepressive Agents, Depression, Humans, Psilocybin, Psychotic Disorders, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
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