A prospective longitudinal study of the impact of early postnatal vs. chronic maternal depressive symptoms on child development
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Few studies of the effects of postnatal depression on child development have considered the chronicity of depressive symptoms. We investigated whether early postnatal depressive symptoms (PNDS) predicted child developmental outcome independently of later maternal depressive symptoms. METHODS: In a prospective, longitudinal study, mothers and children were followed-up from birth to 2 years; repeated measures of PNDS were made using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS); child development was assessed using the Bayley Scales II. Multilevel modelling techniques were used to examine the association between 6 week PNDS, and child development, taking subsequent depressive symptoms into account. RESULTS: Children of mothers with 6 week PNDS were significantly more likely than children of non-symptomatic mothers to have poor cognitive outcome; however, this association was reduced to trend level when adjusted for later maternal depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: Effects of early PNDS on infant development may be partly explained by subsequent depressive symptoms.
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Maternal PPD has no effect on motor development (three studies).
“Three studies66,103,107 demonstrated that maternal PPD had no effect on motor development (Table 9).”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [107]
In two studies with nonsignificant results, most mothers in the depressed group had moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms that were less severe than a psychiatric diagnosis of depressive illness.
“Two studies66,107 explained the nonsignificant results by stating that most of the mothers in the depressed group had moderate-to-severe depression symptoms that were similar to a general description of psychological difficulty during the postnatal period and were less severe than a psychiatric diagnosis of a depressive illness (France and Taiwan).”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [107]
Children of mothers with a 6-week PND are significantly more likely than children of nonsymptomatic mothers to have a poor cognitive outcome.
“Children of mothers with a 6-week PND were significantly more likely than children of nonsymptomatic mothers to have a poor cognitive outcome.”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [107]
Many studies indicated significant and negative associations between maternal postpartum depressive symptoms and infant cognitive development, language development, infant behaviors, overall infant health concerns, and quality of sleep.
“Moreover, many studies indicated significant and negative associations between maternal postpartum depressive symptoms and infant cognitive development,94,95,99,101,102,107,141,147 language development,94,102,105,116,117,131,132,139 infant behaviors,49,52,110,114,120,121,131,133 overall infant health concerns,48,104,119,122–124,135,136,138 and quality of sleep.104,108”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [107]
The impact of maternal PPD on infant motor development seemed to be controversial: some studies demonstrated a clear effect of PPD on children's gross and fine motor development, while other studies did not demonstrate this effect.
“In contrast, the impact of maternal PPD on infant motor development seemed to be controversial: some studies94,95,97 demonstrated a clear effect of PPD on children’s gross and fine motor development, while other studies66,103,107 did not demonstrate this effect.”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [107]
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- Authors
- Sutter-Dallay, A.-L., Murray, L., Dequae-Merchadou, L., Glatigny-Dallay, E., Bourgeois, M.-L., & Verdoux, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Reading (GB)
- Inserm (FR)
- Université Bordeaux Segalen (FR)
- Venue
- European Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2011-11
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 484-489
- ISSN
- 0924-9338 (ISSN-L)
- 1778-3585
- OpenAlex
- W2053375665
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 6.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Development and Preterm Care
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- postpartum depression, maternal depressive symptoms, child development, infant cognitive development, maternal mental health, early postnatal period, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Bayley Scales of Infant Development
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Child Development, Developmental Disabilities, Child, Preschool, Chronic Disease, Cognition, Depression, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Maternal Age, Maternal Behavior, Mother-Child Relations, Prospective Studies, Time Factors, Infant Behavior, Depression, Postpartum
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