Innate immune responses in central nervous system inflammation
Open accessAbstract
In autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), innate glial cell responses play a key role in determining the outcome of leukocyte infiltration. Access of leukocytes is controlled via complex interactions with glial components of the blood-brain barrier that include angiotensin II receptors on astrocytes and immunoregulatory mediators such as Type I interferons which regulate cellular traffic. Myeloid cells at the blood-brain barrier present antigen to T cells and influence cytokine effector function. Myelin-specific T cells interact with microglia and promote differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in response to axonal injury. These innate responses offer potential targets for immunomodulatory therapy.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Faecalibacterium could produce substances that activate type I interferon signaling.
“The expression levels of interferon response factors 7 and 9 showed a strong correlation with the abundance of Faecalibacterium in fecal microbiota, which could produce substances that activate type I interferon signaling (66).”
From Association Between Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [66]
The expression levels of interferon response factors 7 and 9 show a strong correlation with the abundance of Faecalibacterium in fecal microbiota.
“The expression levels of interferon response factors 7 and 9 showed a strong correlation with the abundance of Faecalibacterium in fecal microbiota, which could produce substances that activate type I interferon signaling (66).”
From Association Between Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2019) · cites this paper as [66]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Microglia: Active sensor and versatile effector cells in the normal and pathologic brain
Hanisch, U.-K., & Kettenmann, H. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1997 · Cited by 3,676 · see citing works
Remyelination in the CNS: from biology to therapy
Franklin, R. J. M., & ffrench-Constant, C. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2480 · Cited by 1,544 · see citing works
Macrophage Polarization Comes of Age
Mantovani, Sica, & Locati, M. (2005) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2005.10.001 · Cited by 1,259 · cited 1× · see citing works
“inflammatory milieu, corresponding to the M1 and M2 environments that have been described for macrophage activation [39], and if the outcome of an adaptive response superimposed on an innate response is of benefit to the host.”
BackgroundDebris clearance by microglia: an essential link between degeneration and regeneration
Neumann, H., Kotter, M. R., & Franklin, R. J. M. (2008) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awn109 · Cited by 1,111 · see citing works
Autoimmune T cell responses in the central nervous system
Goverman, J. M. (2009) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2550 · Cited by 1,025 · see citing works
Multiple sclerosis: a complicated picture of autoimmunity
McFarland, H. F., & Martin, R. (2007) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1507 · Cited by 985 · see citing works
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis repressed by microglial paralysis
Heppner, F. L., Greter, M., Marino, D., Falsig, J., Raivich, G., Hövelmeyer, N., Waisman, A., Rülicke, T., Prinz, M., Priller, J., et al. (2005) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1177 · Cited by 732 · cited 1× · see citing works
“with microglia [7], in that astrocytes were not markedly depleted”
BackgroundFord, A. L., Goodsall, A. L., Hickey, W. F., & Sedgwick, J. D. (1995) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.154.9.4309 · Cited by 631 · see citing works
Differential regulation of central nervous system autoimmunity by TH1 and TH17 cells
Stromnes, I. M., Cerretti, L., Liggitt, D., Harris, R. A., & Goverman, J. M. (2008) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1715 · Cited by 626 · see citing works
Lehnardt, S. (2009) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20928 · Cited by 596 · see citing works
Brambilla, R., Bracchi-Ricard, V. C., Hu, W.-H., Frydel, B. R., Bramwell, A., Karmally, S., Green, E. J., & Bethea, J. R. (2005) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20041918 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Axtell, R., de Jong, B. D., Boniface, K., van der Voort, L. F., Bhat, R., Sarno, P. D., Naves, R., Han, M. H., Zhong, F., Castellanos, J. G., et al. (2010) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2110 · Cited by 556 · see citing works
Chemokine Expression by Glial Cells Directs Leukocytes to Sites of Axonal Injury in the CNS
Babcock, A. A., Kuziel, W. A., Rivest, S., & Owens, T. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-21-07922.2003 · Cited by 472 · see citing works
Self-citationVoskuhl, R. R., Peterson, R. S., Song, B., Ao, Y., Morales, L. B. J., Tiwari-Woodruff, S. K., & Sofroniew, M. V. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1514-09.2009 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
Three‐dimensional reconstruction of the antennal lobe in Drosophila melanogaster
Laissue, P. P., Reiter, C., Hiesinger, P. R., Halter, S., Fischbach, K. F., & Stocker, R. F. (1999) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19990322)405:4 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Prinz, M., Schmidt, H., Mildner, A., Knobeloch, K., Hanisch, U., Raasch, J., Merkler, D., Detje, C. N., Gutcher, I., Mages, J., et al. (2008) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2008.03.011 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Innate immunity mediated by TLR9 modulates pathogenicity in an animal model of multiple sclerosis
Prinz, M. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci26078 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Perivascular Spaces and the Two Steps to Neuroinflammation
Owens, T., Bechmann, I., & Engelhardt, B. (2008) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0b013e31818f9ca8 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Self-citationLalor, S. J., Dungan, L. S., Sutton, C. E., Basdeo, S. A., Fletcher, J. M., & Mills, K. H. G. (2011) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1003597 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Role of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis
Gandhi, R., Laroni, A., & Weiner, H. L. (2009) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.10.015 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Platten, M., Youssef, S., Hur, E. M., Ho, P. P.-K., Han, M. H., Lanz, T. V., Phillips, L., Goldstein, M. J., Bhat, R., Raine, C. S., et al. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0903958106 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Brain Angiotensin II: New Developments, Unanswered Questions and Therapeutic Opportunities
Saavedra, J. M. (2005) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-005-4011-5 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Inflammation, demyelination, and degeneration — Recent insights from MS pathology
Stadelmann, C., Wegner, C., & Brück, W. (2011) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.07.007 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Wosik, K., Cayrol, R., Dodelet-Devillers, A., Berthelet, F., Bernard, M., Moumdjian, R. A., Bouthillier, A., Reudelhuber, T. L., & Prat, A. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2088-07.2007 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Matyszak, M. K., & Perry, V. H. (1996) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(96)00160-1 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Microglial Recruitment, Activation, and Proliferation in Response to Primary Demyelination
Remington, L. T., Babcock, A. A., Zehntner, S. P., & Owens, T. (2007) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.2353/ajpath.2007.060783 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Self-citationLinker, R. A., Lee, D.-H., Demir, S., Wiese, S., Kruse, N., Siglienti, I., Gerhardt, E., Neumann, H., Sendtner, M., Lühder, F., et al. (2010) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awq179 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Teige, I., Treschow, A., Teige, A., Mattsson, R., Navikas, V., Leanderson, T., Holmdahl, R., & Issazadeh‐Navikas, S. (2003) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.170.9.4776 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Role of the renin-angiotensin system in autoimmune inflammation of the central nervous system
Stegbauer, J., Lee, D.-H., Seubert, S., Ellrichmann, G., Manzel, A., Kvakan, H., Müller, D. N., Gaupp, S., Rump, L. C., Gold, R., et al. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0903602106 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Toll-Like Receptor 2 Signaling in Response to Brain Injury: An Innate Bridge to Neuroinflammation
Babcock, A. A., Wirenfeldt, M., Holm, T. H., Nielsen, H. H., Dissing‐Olesen, L., Toft‐Hansen, H., Millward, J. M., Landmann, R. M., Rivest, S., Finsen, B. R., et al. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4937-05.2006 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Self-citationRegional CNS responses to IFN-γ determine lesion localization patterns during EAE pathogenesis
Lees, J. R., Golumbek, P. T., Sim, J. E., Dorsey, D. A., & Russell, J. H. (2008) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20080155 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Gutcher, I., Urich, E., Wolter, K., Prinz, M., & Becher, B. (2006) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1377 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Type I interferon in organ-targeted autoimmune and inflammatory diseases
Crow, M. K. (2010) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/ar2886 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Toft‐Hansen, H., Füchtbauer, L. M., & Owens, T. (2010) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.21088 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationKrakowski, M. L., & Owens, T. (1997) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.1830271115 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationNF-κB-Driven STAT2 and CCL2 Expression in Astrocytes in Response to Brain Injury
Khorooshi, R., Babcock, A. A., & Owens, T. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.181.10.7284 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationInjury-Induced Type I IFN Signaling Regulates Inflammatory Responses in the Central Nervous System
Khorooshi, R., & Owens, T. (2010) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0901753 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationOusman, S. S., Wang, J., & Campbell, I. L. (2005) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.79.12.7514-7527.2005 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Toll-Like Receptors in Neurodegeneration
Owens, T. (2009) · Current topics in microbiology and immunology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-00549-7_6 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Contribution of γδ T Cells to the Pathogenesis of EAE and MS
Blink, S. E., & Miller, S. D. (2009) · Current Molecular Medicine · doi:10.2174/156652409787314516 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Galligan, C. L., Pennell, L. M., Murooka, T. T., Baig, E. R., Majchrzak-Kita, B., Rahbar, R., & Fish, E. R. (2010) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458510381259 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Füchtbauer, L. M., Groth-Rasmussen, M., Holm, T. H., Løbner, M., Toft‐Hansen, H., Khorooshi, R., & Owens, T. (2010) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2010.09.015 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationMillward, J. M., Løbner, M., Wheeler, R. D., & Owens, T. (2010) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0902153 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationNeutralising antibodies to interferon β in multiple sclerosis
Hartung, H.-P., Polman, C. H., Bertolotto, A., et al. (2007) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-006-0486-3 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Enhanced Microglial Clearance of Myelin Debris in T Cell-Infiltrated Central Nervous System
Nielsen, H. H., Ladeby, R., Fenger, C., Toft‐Hansen, H., Babcock, A. A., Owens, T., & Finsen, B. R. (2009) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0b013e3181ae0236 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationStimulation of Adult Oligodendrogenesis by Myelin-Specific T Cells
Nielsen, H. H., Toft‐Hansen, H., Lambertsen, K. L., Owens, T., & Finsen, B. R. (2011) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.06.006 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationAxonal degeneration stimulates the formation of NG2+ cells and oligodendrocytes in the mouse
Nielsen, H. H., Ladeby, R., Drøjdahl, N., Peterson, A. C., & Finsen, B. R. (2006) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20357 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationAxotomy-Induced Glial Reactions in Normal and Cytokine Transgenic Mice
Finsen, B. R., Lomholt, N. D., Hegelund, I. V., Poulsen, F. R., Jensen, M. B., & Owens, T. (1999) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4685-6_13 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationAxonal plasticity elicits long‐term changes in oligodendroglia and myelinated fibers
Drøjdahl, N., Nielsen, H. H., Gardi, J. E., Wree, A., Peterson, A. C., Nyengaard, J. R., Eyer, J., & Finsen, B. R. (2009) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20897 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Xu, M., Xu, X., Li, J., & Li, F. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00473 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Crowley, T., Cryan, J. F., Downer, E. J., & O’Leary, O. F. (2016) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2016.02.001 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Inoue, R., Sakaue, Y., Sawai, C., Sawai, T., Ozeki, M., Romero-Pérez, G. A., & Tsukahara, T. (2016) · Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry · doi:10.1080/09168451.2016.1222267 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Zhou, N., Liu, K., Sun, Y., Cao, Y., & Yang, J. (2019) · Protein & Cell · doi:10.1007/s13238-018-0599-3 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
de Kloet, A. D., Liu, M., Rodríguez, V., Krause, E. G., & Sumners, C. (2015) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00078.2015 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
- Authors
- Finsen, B., & Owens, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Southern Denmark (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Owens, Trevor
- Venue
- FEBS Letters
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-05-27
- Volume
- 585
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 3806-3812
- ISSN
- 0014-5793 (ISSN-L)
- 1873-3468
- OpenAlex
- W2057806637
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 0.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- FEBS Letters (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Multiple Sclerosis Society
- Lundbeckfonden
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Keywords
- innate immunity, neuroinflammation, autoimmune disease, glial cells, blood-brain barrier, leukocyte infiltration, angiotensin II receptor, astrocytes, type I interferon, myeloid cells, antigen presentation, microglia, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, myelin-specific T cells, axonal injury, immunomodulatory therapy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Axons, Central Nervous System, Humans, Immunity, Innate, Inflammation, Cytokines, Adaptive Immunity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
