The DOI matches its Crossref record; 311 of the 311 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Androgen Excess and PCOS Society criteria for the polycystic ovary syndrome: the complete task force report
Open accessAbstract
Objective To review all available data and recommend a definition for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) based on published peer-reviewed data, whether already in use or not, to guide clinical diagnosis and future research.Design Literature review and expert consensus.Setting Professional society.Patients None.Intervention(s) None.Main outcome measure(s) A systematic review of the published peer-reviewed medical literature, by querying MEDLINE databases, to identify studies evaluating the epidemiology or phenotypic aspects of PCOS.Result(s) The Task Force drafted the initial report, following a consensus process via electronic communication, which was then reviewed and critiqued by the Androgen Excess and PCOS (AE-PCOS) Society AE-PCOS Board of Directors. No section was finalized until all members were satisfied with the contents, and minority opinions noted. Statements were not included that were not supported by peer-reviewed evidence.Conclusion(s) Based on the available data, it is the view of the AE-PCOS Society Task Force that PCOS should be defined by the presence of hyperandrogenism (clinical and/or biochemical), ovarian dysfunction (oligo-anovulation and/or polycystic ovaries), and the exclusion of related disorders. However, a minority considered the possibility that there may be forms of PCOS without overt evidence of hyperandrogenism, but recognized that more data are required before validating this supposition. Finally, the Task Force recognized and fully expects that the definition of this syndrome will evolve over time to incorporate new research findings.
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“Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the most common endocrine disorders affecting adolescent females [1–4] and is associated with an increased risk of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.”
From Dysglycemia screening with oral glucose tolerance test in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome and relationship with obesity (2022) · cites this paper as [1]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Approximately 20–30% of women who are identified with polycystic ovarian syndrome exhibit increased levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEAS [60].”
From Nutritional and herbal interventions for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a comprehensive review of dietary approaches, macronutrient impact, and herbal medicine in management (2025) · cites this paper as [60]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“There is no single diagnostic test, different sets of diagnostic criteria are still used, individual diagnostic criteria lack clarity, and exclusion of other etiologies is needed to establish the diagnosis of PCOS (4, 23, 24).”
From Delayed Diagnosis and a Lack of Information Associated With Dissatisfaction in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (2016) · cites this paper as [24]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“There is no single diagnostic test, different sets of diagnostic criteria are still used, individual diagnostic criteria lack clarity, and exclusion of other etiologies is needed to establish the diagnosis of PCOS (4, 23, 24).”
From Delayed Diagnosis and a Lack of Information Associated With Dissatisfaction in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (2016) · cites this paper as [24]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“There is no single diagnostic test, different sets of diagnostic criteria are still used, individual diagnostic criteria lack clarity, and exclusion of other etiologies is needed to establish the diagnosis of PCOS (4, 23, 24).”
From Delayed Diagnosis and a Lack of Information Associated With Dissatisfaction in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (2016) · cites this paper as [24]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“There is no single diagnostic test, different sets of diagnostic criteria are still used, individual diagnostic criteria lack clarity, and exclusion of other etiologies is needed to establish the diagnosis of PCOS (4, 23, 24).”
From Delayed Diagnosis and a Lack of Information Associated With Dissatisfaction in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (2016) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“With the exception of one published recommendation, none of the current definitions of PCOS in adolescent or adult women include insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia as a diagnostic criterion [1, 10-12, 18, 19, 112]”
From The Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome during Adolescence (2015) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“Hyperinsulinemia is believed to exacerbate the hyperandrogenism and the reproductive and metabolic manifestations of PCOS in adolescents.”
From The Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome during Adolescence (2015) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are intrinsic to PCOS in adults and adolescents, lean or obese.”
From The Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome during Adolescence (2015) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“Currently, there is limited consensus among different medical specialties as to the optimal management of PCOS in Australia. 7,53”
From Assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome: Summary of an evidence-based guideline (2011) · cites this paper as [53]
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Citations
Cites
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Flagged first, then by citations
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- Jonard, 2003, Ultrasound examination of polycystic ovaries: is it worth counting the follicles?, Hum Reprod, 18, 598, 10.1093/humrep/deg115 · DOI
- Azziz, 2000, Idiopathic hirsutism, Endocr Rev, 21, 347
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Turcu, A. F., El-Maouche, D., Zhao, L., Nanba, A. T., Gaynor, A., Veeraraghavan, P., Auchus, R. J., & Merke, D. P. (2020) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-20-0129 · Cited by 33
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“Approximately 20–30% of women who are identified with polycystic ovarian syndrome exhibit increased levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEAS [60].”
Zhang, C. Y., Li, H., Zhang, S., Suharwardy, S., Chaturvedi, U., Fischer-Colbrie, T., Maratta, L. A., Onnela, J.-P., Coull, B. A., Hauser, R., et al. (2023) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2022.10.029 · Cited by 25
Wen, X., Wang, L., & Bai, E. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1370578 · Cited by 25
Skiba, M. A., Bell, R. J., Herbert, D., Garcia, A. M., Islam, R. M., & Davis, S. R. (2021) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deab069 · Cited by 22
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Modeling Endocrine Control of the Pituitary–Ovarian Axis: Androgenic Influence and Chaotic Dynamics
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Is cardiorespiratory fitness impaired in PCOS women? A review of the literature
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Rodriguez, E. M., Thomas, D., Druet, A., Vlajic-Wheeler, M., Lane, K. J., & Mahalingaiah, S. (2020) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/15094 · Cited by 18
Cardiometabolic risk in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Ozegowska, K., & Pawelczyk, L. (2015) · Polish Gynaecology · doi:10.17772/gp/59131 · Cited by 15
Beyond counting sheep: Exploring the link between polycystic ovary syndrome and sleep health
Jafar, N. K. A., Bennett, C. J., Moran, L. J., & Mansfield, D. R. (2023) · Seminars in Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0043-1777724 · Cited by 12
The "asthma-polycystic ovary overlap syndrome" and the therapeutic role of myo-inositol
Guarnieri, G., Iervolino, M., Cavallone, S., Unfer, V., & Vianello, A. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24086959 · Cited by 11
Scannell, N., Villani, A., Moran, L., & Mantzioris, E. (2025) · Proceedings of the Nutrition Society · doi:10.1017/s0029665124007584 · Cited by 12
“A common characteristic of PCOS is elevated levels of androgens (48) .”
Fetal androgen excess provides a developmental origin for polycystic ovary syndrome
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“Definitions PCOS was defined as per the Androgen Excess Society (AES) 2009 criteria which includes presence of hyperandrogenism (clinical and/or biochemical), ovarian dysfunction (oligo-anovulation and/or polycystic ovaries), and the exclusion of related disorders [1].”
MethodEmanuel, R. H. K., Docherty, P. D., Lunt, H., & Campbell, R. E. (2023) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/44810 · Cited by 9
Unraveling PCOS: Exploring its causes and diagnostic challenges
Dar, M. A., Maqbool, M., Qadrie, Z., Ara, I., & Qadir, A. (2024) · Open Health · doi:10.1515/ohe-2023-0026 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Azziz, R., Carmina, E., Dewailly, D., Diamanti-Kandarakis, E., Escobar-Morreale, H. F., Futterweit, W., Janssen, O. E., Legro, R. S., Norman, R. J., Taylor, A. E., & Witchel, S. F.
- Affiliations
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (US)
- University of Palermo (IT)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille (FR)
- Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (ES)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- University of Duisburg-Essen (DE)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- The University of Adelaide (AU)
- Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Carmina, Enrico
- ORCID
- Venue
- Fertility and Sterility
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-02
- Volume
- 91
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 456-488
- ISSN
- 0015-0282 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2035217519
- Cited by
- 2,132
- References
- 311
- Citations by year
- 2026: 80 · 2025: 149 · 2024: 126 · 2023: 170 · 2022: 171 · 2021: 140 · 2020: 148 · 2019: 124 · 2018: 115 · 2017: 119 · 2016: 109 · 2015: 141 · 2014: 142 · 2013: 111 · 2012: 93
- FWCI
- 73.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Fertility and Sterility (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Nova Science Publishers (Nova Science Publishers, Inc.) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases
- Keywords
- polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS diagnostic criteria, hyperandrogenism, ovarian dysfunction, oligoanovulation, polycystic ovary, PCOS phenotypes
- MeSH terms
- Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Health Status Indicators, Humans, Menstruation Disturbances, Terminology as Topic, Ovarian Function Tests, Ovary, Ovulation, Phenotype, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Predictive Value of Tests, Biomarkers, Hyperandrogenism, Evidence-Based Medicine
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