Septoplasty
Abstract
Nasal septal deviation is a prevalent problem that can have significant quality of life ramifications. Septoplasty is commonly performed to provide qualitative and quantitative benefit to those with nasal obstruction owing to septal deviation. Although a standard, basic technique is often adequate for individuals with mild to moderate mid to posterior septal deviation, unique challenges arise with caudal septal deviation. Herein, multiple strategies that attempt to address anterior septal deviation are discussed. Anterior septal reconstruction has been shown to be a safe and effective means by which to address severe caudal septal deviation and long-term reduction in preoperative symptoms.
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Caudal septal deviations tend to result in stenosis of the internal nasal valves and manipulation or removal of the caudal septal support risks creating nasal deformities.
“The condition tends to result in stenosis of the internal nasal valves and manipulation or removal of the caudal septal support risks creating nasal deformities [3,10].”
From Functional Rhinoplasty. (2023) · cites this paper as [10]
Cites
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Complications in septoplasty based on a large group of 5639 patients
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“We must emphasize that every septum is unique, thus the surgery should be tailored and adapted to the individual patient [9].”
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“Removal of the deviated caudal nasal septum results in loss of tip support, shortening of the columella and complications ranging from tip ptosis [1] to severe valve collapse.”
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BackgroundReview and update on extracorporeal septoplasty
McGrath, M., Bell, E., Locketz, G. D., & Becker, D. G. (2018) · Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head & Neck Surgery · doi:10.1097/moo.0000000000000509 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
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Histopathological effects of septoplasty techniques on nasal septum mucosa: an experimental study
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Outcomes of Combined Anterior Septal Reconstruction and Dorsal Hump Reduction
Patel, P., Kandathil, C., & Most, S. P. (2020) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.28611 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“A variety of repair techniques have been described to address deformities of the caudal septum including swinging door, translocation techniques, cartilage scoring, septal extension grafts, and septal batten grafts.(3,5,6) These techniques, aimed at repositioning, stabilizing, or recontouring native cartilage, are var…”
BackgroundQuantification of Nasal Septal Deviation With Computed Tomography Data
Denour, E., Roussel, L. O., Woo, A. S., Boyajian, M. K., & Crozier, J. W. (2020) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000006597 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Septoplasty alone is not suitable for most structural nasal obstructions
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The comparison of endoscopic septoplasty and conventional septoplasty: A PRISMA analysis
Trimartani, K., & Damara, F. A. (2023) · European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.anorl.2022.12.010 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
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“Introduction Nasal septal deviation is one of the common diseases of otolaryngology that can seriously affect a patient’s quality of life due to its effect on nasal function like headache, nasal obstruction, hyposmia, and runny nose.(1) Currently, treatment for nasal septum deviation involved septoplasty, which can so…”
BackgroundJin, X., Lü, Y., Ren, X., Guo, S. L., Jin, D., Liu, B., Bai, X., & Liu, J. (2023) · Medical Engineering & Physics · doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2023.103988 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Economizing the Septal Cartilage for Grafts During Rhinoplasty, 40 Years’ Experience
Günther, S., & Guyuron, B. (2020) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-020-01894-w · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Baptista, P., Moffa, A., Giorgi, L., & Casale, M. (2023) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm13071160 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“These techniques provide maximum functional and respiratory improvement while preserving the physiologic functions of the nose (filtering, warming, and moisturizing the air) to enhance nasal flow [1].”
Trends of rhinoplasty research in the last decade with bibliometric analysis
Zhu, X., Zhang, B., & Huang, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Surgery · doi:10.3389/fsurg.2022.1067934 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Among them, septal deviation is the most common reason and a prevalent problem in the general population (22).”
BackgroundKimura, S., Suzuki, M., Honma, A., Nakazono, A., Osawa, M., Nakamaru, Y., & Homma, A. (2021) · Auris Nasus Larynx · doi:10.1016/j.anl.2021.04.012 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“In general, KI is preferred for cases without caudal deviation as the technique doesn’t require an external skin incision, and OSR is often applied for cases with caudal deviation.[8, 9] However, no objective data have been provided on whether OSR does correct deviation of anterior part of the nasal septum, and there…”
Metin, M., & Avcu, M. (2020) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000007120 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Although modifications such as the open technique without transcolumellar incision(2) were defined at the beginning of the 1990s in septorhinoplasty surgery (SRP), the 2 most widely used basic methods are transcolumellar open surgery and endonasal approaches.(3) Each technique has advantages and disadvantages.”
MethodNuances of the Tongue-in-Groove Technique for Controlling Tip Projection and Rotation
Spataro, E. A., & Most, S. P. (2018) · JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamafacial.2018.0948 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Ngamdu, Y. B., Kirfi, A. M., Adamu, A., Abubakar, A. S., Edem, K., & Ahmad, B. M. (2023) · Journal of West African College of Surgeons · doi:10.4103/jwas.jwas_247_22 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“81 Journal of the West African College of Surgeons | Volume 13 | Issue 2 | April‐June 2023 contact point headache, provision of better access during endoscopic sinus surgery, and a source of graft or flap during endoscopic skull base surgery.[13,14] Most of patients in this study had endoscopic septoplasty together wi…”
BackgroundMorphology of Nasal Septal Deviation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients and its Treatment Method
Miyamura, K., Nakashima, D., Nakayama, T., Wada, K., Capasso, R., & Chiba, S. (2024) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.31876 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
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Titanium Implants in the Nose: State of the Art
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Combination of Crossbar and Let-Down Techniques for Dorsal Hump and Septal Correction in Rhinoplasty
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“Nasal septum deviation is one of the common causes of nasal obstruction, and its treatment involves the surgical correction of the septum [13, 14].”
BackgroundGiuli, R. D., Mafi, P., Belloni, L. M., Vaccari, S., Klinger, F. M., & Roxo, C. W. (2024) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open · doi:10.1097/gox.0000000000006272 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“1–3).”
BackgroundYiğit, E., Manav, A., Ture, M., & Karabağ, T. (2021) · The Journal of craniofacial surgery (Print) · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000007801 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“asal septal deviation (NSD) is a common cause of upper N airway obstruction with consideration of genetics, environmental factors, and trauma as the main etiological factors.(1,2) Nasal septal deviation is mostly treated by septoplasty, which is the recommended surgical procedure to relieve nasal obstruction and one o…”
BackgroundInvestigation on Filaments for 3D Printing of Nasal Septum Cartilage Implant
Gnatowski, P., Gwizdała, K., Kurdyn, A., Skorek, A., Augustin, E., & Kucińska‐Lipka, J. (2023) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma16093534 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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“49 3) trouble breathing through my nose; (4) trouble sleeping; 5) inablity to get enough air through my nose during exerise or exertion.”
BackgroundZholtikov, V., Korableva, N. P., Lebedeva, Y. V., Saltychev, M., Most, S. P., & Moubayed, S. P. (2021) · Plastic Surgery and Aesthetic Medicine · doi:10.17116/plast.hirurgia202102181 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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“The L-strut serves as a pillar to hold up the nose so that an over resection may cause saddle nose deformity.(3) If the L-strut curvature remains, the nasal valve narrowing is not resolved.”
BackgroundDeviated Nasal Septum: A Comprehensive Review
Ashwinirani, S. R., Suragimath, G., Telrandhe, S., & Suragimath, D. G. (2024) · Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University · doi:10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_185_24 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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Nasal Septal Deviation Classifications Associated with Revision Septoplasty
Bayer, K., Brady-Praun, J., Besser, G., Brkic, F. F., Haas, M., Mueller, C. A., & Liu, D. T. (2024) · Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Hearing and Balance Medicine · doi:10.3390/ohbm5020014 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“This may be caused by the fact that high septal deviations can contribute to the narrowing of the internal nasal valve, which is often associated with breathing difficulties, and additionally, high deviations require more surgical experience to facilitate correction at the first go [13].”
Septal Deviation after Septorhinoplasty: Causes and Surgical Management
Luu, N. N., & Friedman, O. (2020) · Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1055/s-0040-1701642 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Comparison of Endonasal and External Septoplasty for Treatment of Buckled Caudal Septal Deviation
Awan, N. U., Azeem, M., & Cheema, K. M. (2021) · Journal of College of Physicians And Surgeons Pakistan · doi:10.29271/jcpsp.2021.01.51 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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Altidor, A., Ferri, F. A., Bakhos, F., & Mascaro-Pankova, A. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.45993 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“The condition tends to result in stenosis of the internal nasal valves and manipulation or removal of the caudal septal support risks creating nasal deformities [3,10].”
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The Safety and Efficacy of a Bioabsorbable Implant for Correction of Cartilaginous Septal Deviation
Davis, S. E., & Davis, G. E. (2025) · Ear Nose & Throat Journal · doi:10.1177/01455613251346589 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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Modification of nasal pyramid in rhinoplasty: current state of issue
Gorbunov, S. A., Zholtikov, V., Rusetsky, Y. Y., & Manturova, N. E. (2024) · Russian Rhinology · doi:10.17116/rosrino202432021126 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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McIntosh, C., Stutterheim, J., Prinsloo, H., Randall, M., Toman, J., & Pisapia, F. (2023) · Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1055/a-2006-0916 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Management of the Deviated Caudal Septum
Johnson, C. Z., Edelmayer, L., & Wang, T. D. (2022) · Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports · doi:10.1007/s40136-022-00398-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Farmer, R., Garg, R. K., Afifi, A. M., & Hochman, M. L. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-36794-7_9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Modified extracorporeal septoplasty: prospective study
Migliavacca, R. D. O., Lavinsky‐Wolff, M., de Souza, O. E., Friedrich, E. P., Cionek, O. A. G. D., Subda, L. F., & Bernardi, B. L. (2024) · Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology · doi:10.1016/j.bjorl.2024.101398 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Improvement in Pulmonary Function Tests After Septoplasty: A Longitudinal Study
Ingale, M. H., Kalra, Y., Shinde, V., Jarandikar, A. A., & Rajashekhar, R. P. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.65492 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Jahankir, M. J. B., Ramesh, H., Chakaravarthi, T., Agarwal, A., Goyal, A., & Balachander, G. M. (2024) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/d4tb01306a · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Development and Validation of a Hybrid Simulation Model for Septoplasty Training
Kim, J., Patel, T. A., Helou, V., & Jabbour, N. (2025) · Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology · doi:10.1177/00034894251339556 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Fibromyalgia symptoms before and after septoplasty: A cross-sectional study
Yavuz, N. Ç., & Çoluk, Y. (2024) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000039473 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Nasal breathing function and patient satisfaction in primary aesthetic nasal correction
Glushko, A. V., Gammadaeva, S. S., Manturova, N. E., Drobyshev, A. Y., & Lebedeva, Y. V. (2024) · Plastic Surgery and Aesthetic Medicine · doi:10.17116/plast.hirurgia202404116 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Comprehensive Review of Deviated Septum: Anatomy, Diagnosis, and Treatment Approaches
Kudas, Z., Górka, M., Stec, W. J., Wojtkiewicz, A. M., Piekarska, M., & Szerej, K. (2025) · Quality in Sport · doi:10.12775/qs.2025.37.57018 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Catalfamo, L. M., Calvo, A., Cicchiello, S., Fauci, A. L., Ponte, F. S. D., Scozzaro, C., & Rinaldis, D. D. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14155279 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“The main objective of the procedure is to restore proper nasal airflow by realigning the nasal septum [2,3].”
Zylicz, H. E., Taylor, C., Robertson, W., Beach, M. E., Barham, W. T., & Barham, H. P. (2025) · International Journal of Surgery Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2025.112111 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Current Practices and Evidence in Caudal Septoplasty: A National Survey and Systematic Review
Bogari, A., Alrasheed, K. F., Alkhunein, F. M., Aljarba, M. N., Alanezi, M. N., Alotaibi, A., Alshehri, A., & Alarfaj, A. M. (2025) · Aesthetic Surgery Journal Open Forum · doi:10.1093/asjof/ojaf170 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Contemporary Management of Caudal Septal Deformities: An Algorithmic Approach
Coviello, C. M., Varghese, J. R., Ramirez, A. V., & Brissett, A. E. (2026) · Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1055/a-2764-3420 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Uzer, A., & Demirhan, E. (2021) · Kulak burun boğaz ihtisas dergisi · doi:10.26650/tr-ent.2021.40412
“Nowadays, a variety of techniques are performed by surgeons in septoplasty operations; the types of nasal septal deviation (NSD) and surgeon’s preferences are important to decide which technique to be applied (8, 9).”
BackgroundMethodKhan, N., Rizvi, A. S. A., & Sarfraz, M. (2022) · Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University · doi:10.48036/apims.v18i1.509 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Septoplasty is surgical correction of deviated nasal septum, which includes excision and alignment of the bony and cartilaginous part of nasal cavity and is performed as day care surgery.(12) It can be”
BackgroundNuances of Septal Deviation Repair
Abrol, A., & Lu, G. N. (2022) · Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1055/s-0042-1750293 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gyusan, S. A., & Оникович, Г. А. (2022) · Russian Rhinology · doi:10.17116/rosrino202230031222 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bone Anchoring for the Correction of Posterior Nasal Septum
Heo, S. J., Cha, E. J., Park, J., Kim, H. G., & Kim, J.-S. (2018) · Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.3342/kjorl-hns.2017.00780
Percutaneous nasal septal retraction technique for dorsal cartilaginous deviations
Çomoğlu, Ş., Şen, C., Yağcı, İ., Sönmez, S., & Aydemir, L. (2018) · Clinical Otolaryngology · doi:10.1111/coa.13219
Abdelazim, M., & Alsobky, M. E. (2020) · The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology · doi:10.1186/s43163-020-00063-9
Rusetsky, Y. Y., Meytel, I., Gromov, K. S., Spiranskaya, O. A., & Осипова, И. А. (2021) · Russian Bulletin of Otorhinolaryngology · doi:10.17116/otorino202186051114
Instrumentação e montagem de mesa cirúrgica para septoplastia com turbinectomia
Bedaque, H. D. P., Vasconcelos, L. M., Gibson, D. C. S., Santos, H. A., Ferreira, L. M. D. B. M., & Nobre, M. L. (2021) · JOURNAL OF SURGICAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH · doi:10.20398/jscr.v12i2.25190
“12 (2) 2021: 101-114 106 Heymann, também conhecida como tesoura de corneto inferior, é desenvolvida para o procedimento de corte da concha inferior.”
BackgroundInfluentialStraightening the Crooked Nose
Cobo, R. (2022) · Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports · doi:10.1007/s40136-022-00410-9
Winslow, N., Garst, J. R., Klemens, J. J., & Tsung, A. J. (2022) · Journal of Neurosurgery Case Lessons · doi:10.3171/case22276
“Risks associated with this technique include compromise of mucosal vascular supply with resultant septal ischemia/perforation and small chance of visible external deformity following surgery.(5,10) Provision of nasal access using a balloon has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)since April 2019 and…”
BackgroundReducing Surgical Risks for Septal and Turbinate Surgery
Gilani, S. (2023) · Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2023.01.010
Effect of Nasal Septum Deviation on the Choroidal Thickness
Yetkin, A. A., & Karataş, M. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.37840
Postoperative Imaging Appearances of the Paranasal Sinuses
Agarwal, M., Lobo, R. R., & Srinivasan, A. (2023) · Seminars in Roentgenology · doi:10.1053/j.ro.2023.03.003
Laryngeal Changes After Septoplasty and Turbinectomy
Mandour, Y. M. H., Elhamshary, A., Elhay, S. A. A., Abdel-Hamid, M. S., & Gomaa, M. (2023) · Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery · doi:10.1007/s12070-023-03951-7
Babchenko, N. V., Grabovyi, O. M., Dieieva, Y. V., & Коновалов, С. Е. (2023) · World of Medicine and Biology · doi:10.26724/2079-8334-2023-2-84-34-39
Trimartani, J., & Damara, F. A. (2023) · Annales françaises d Oto-rhino-laryngologie et de Pathologie Cervico-faciale · doi:10.1016/j.aforl.2023.09.001
Moufti, M., Johari, M., & Nahas, L. D. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3730549/v1
Correlation of maximal nasal septal deviation with deviation at the maxillary insertion
Gupta, K. K., Davda, D., Mughal, Z., Lotfallah, A., & Anari, S. (2024) · Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy · doi:10.1007/s00276-024-03334-9
Ashour, M. M. M., Abdelaziz, T. T., Mahmoud, M. S., Askoura, A. M. A. N., Abuelela, S. A., Saleh, M. I., & Ashour, D. M. (2024) · Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery · doi:10.1007/s12070-023-04438-1
“Nasal septal deviation (NSD); is prevalent in the general population [6, 7].”
Choosing the Best Graft Source in Nasal Valve Repair
Xu, V., Nwagu, U., & Barbarite, E. (2024) · Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.otc.2024.09.002
Repairing the Nasal Valve in Revision Surgery
Parikh, A. C., & Lighthall, J. G. (2025) · Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.otc.2024.07.009
Nivas, R. P., Theivanai, S., Shivakumar, S., & Karthikeyan, B. (2025) · Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences · doi:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_26_25
Development of the Nasal Obstruction Disability Index (NODI)
Akı, E. S., Aysel, A., Zorlu, M. E., & Çorakçı, O. (2025) · European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology · doi:10.1007/s00405-025-09437-2
Tabaa, K. A., Faucon, B., Vérillaud, B., & Chatelet, F. (2025) · Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.joms.2025.09.002
RetractedSeptoplastie par désarticulation du cartilage quadrangulaire – Note technique à propos de 7 cas
Tabaa, K. A., Leclere, F. M., & Faucon, B. (2025) · Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique · doi:10.1016/j.anplas.2025.09.007
- Authors
- Most, S. P., & Rudy, S. F.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rudy, Shannon F.
- Venue
- Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-05
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 161-169
- ISSN
- 1064-7406 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2622857520
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 11
- FWCI
- 8.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Nasal Surgery and Airway Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Reconstructive Facial Surgery Techniques
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Cleft Lip and Palate Research
- Keywords
- septoplasty, septal deviation, caudal septal deviation, nasal obstruction, quality of life, surgical technique
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Medical Illustration, Nasal Septum, Nose, Nose Deformities, Acquired, Quality of Life, Rhinoplasty, Nasal Obstruction, Treatment Outcome
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