The Extracorporeal Septum Plasty: A Technique to Correct Difficult Nasal Deformities
Abstract
The severely deformed septum remains a problem. We recommend removing the whole septum and reconstructing a new, straight, septum plane that will be replanted (i.e., extracorporeal correction). Until April 1993 we had used this technique in 1012 patients with functionally as well as aesthetically encouraging results. All septal replants healed primarily. A problem may occur with this technique in reconstructing the dorsum and in stabilizing the replant. The exact technique is explained in detail, and the results are compared with those reported in the literature. Even with this radical procedure, the rate of complication was only 2.2 percent. Biopsies provided the histologic proof of cartilage survival.
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Extracorporeal septoplasty is a method to reconstruct severe caudal septal deviations.
“Extracorporeal septoplasty, first described by Peer and later popularized by Gubisch, is a method to reconstruct severe caudal septal deviations.13,[17][18][19]”
From Sliding Spine Relocation Surgery with Anterior Septal Reconstruction (2024) · cites this paper as [18]
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Anterior Septal Reconstruction: Outcomes After a Modified Extracorporeal Septoplasty Technique
Most, S. P. (2006) · Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1001/archfaci.8.3.202 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
“The most important of these is the tendency for the development of irregularities of the dorsum postoperatively, including notching or saddling.(5,10) The present study describes a modified extracorporeal septoplasty technique that achieves improvement of external airway while maintaining the dorsal profile.”
BackgroundInfluentialExtracorporeal Septoplasty for the Markedly Deviated Septum
Gubisch, W. (2005) · Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1001/archfaci.7.4.218 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
“6%.(4) An additional point of fixation at the area of attachment of the upper lateral cartilages to the dorsal septum is currently recommended.”
Self-citationMost, S. P., & Rudy, S. F. (2017) · Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2016.12.002 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Jang, Y. J., Yeo, N., & Wang, J. H. (2009) · Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.1001/archoto.2009.171 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
“Techniques such as suture, swinging door, septal batten, ethmoid bone sandwich graft, tongue-in-groove, and extracorporeal septoplasty have been used in managing caudal septal deviation.(5-9) Ellis(5) used a suture technique as an adjunct for correcting caudal septal deviation.”
MethodThe Role of Septal Surgery in Management of the Deviated Nose
Foda, H. M. T. (2005) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000149421.14281.fd · Cited by 75 · see citing works
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Septal Crossbar Graft for the Correction of the Crooked Nose
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New Suturing Techniques to Reconstruct the Keystone Area in Extracorporeal Septoplasty
Rezaeian, F., Gubisch, W., Janku, D., & Haack, S. (2016) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000002412 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationMendelsohn, M. (2005) · Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1001/archfaci.7.2.74 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
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“A variety of other minor complications were also observed in this early patient series.(11) One patient developed a postoperative dorsal abscess, which was drained and healed without further problems.”
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“Rees [7] and Gubisch [2] stabilized the reimplanted septal cartilage graft by suturing to the medial crura of the alar cartilages.”
BackgroundInfluentialRefinements in Extracorporal Septoplasty
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“Fixation in the area of the posterior septal angle to the nasal spine was performed similarly as described by Gubisch.”
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Diagnosis and management of nasal fractures
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Nasal Obstruction and Rhinoplasty: A Focused Literature Review
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Deviated Nose Cartilaginous Dorsum Correction Using a Dorsal L‐Strut Cutting and Suture Technique
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Spataro, E. A., Saltychev, M., Kandathil, C., & Most, S. P. (2019) · JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamafacial.2019.1020 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
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Moubayed, S. P., & Most, S. P. (2021) · Clinics in Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.cps.2021.08.001 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Chirurgie des Nasenseptums und der Nasenmuscheln
Matthias, C. (2007) · Laryngo-Rhino-Otologie · doi:10.1055/s-2007-966303 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“De− taillierte Beschreibungen dieses Verfahrens finden sich u.a. bei Gubisch 1995, 2002 [29,30].”
The relevance of extracorporeal septoplasty in cleft nose correction
Gubisch, W., Constantinescu, M. A., & Grüner, M. (1998) · Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/s1010-5182(98)80057-7 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationGürlek, A., Ersöz-Öztürk, A., Çelik, M., Fırat, C., Aslan, S., & Aydogan, H. (2006) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-005-0152-7 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Gubisch [ 14 ] dissects and resects the septum completely, then divides it into straight pieces, suturing these to each other to obtain a straight configuration.”
BackgroundSurgical treatment of nasal obstruction in rhinoplasty
Ghosh, A., & Friedman, O. (2016) · Clinics in Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.cps.2015.09.007 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Persichetti, P., Toto, V., Marangi, G. F., & Poccia, I. (2011) · Annals of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1097/sap.0b013e318228e2d3 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“However, a drawback of this approach is the destabilization of the ‘‘keystone area,’’ described as the junction between the quadrangular cartilage and the nasal bones, which can lead to notching or saddling of the nasal dorsum.(5)”
BackgroundMucous Cyst-A Postrhinoplasty Complication: Outcome and Prevention
Kotzur, A., & Gubisch, W. (1997) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-199708000-00041 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationA Combined Approach To Crooked Nose Deformity
İnanlı, S., & Binnetoğlu, A. (2016) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-016-0627-8 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Gunter, J. P., & Cochran, C. S. (2006) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000200804.16112.7b · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Extracorporeal septoplasty-how we do it at marienhospital stuttgart germany
Gubisch, W., & Sinha, V. (2008) · Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery · doi:10.1007/s12070-008-0007-z · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationReconstruction of the Septum with an Autogenous Double-Layered Conchal L-Strut
Haack, S., & Gubisch, W. (2014) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-014-0373-8 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationTechnical Refinements and Outcomes of the Modified Anterior Septal Transplant
Loyo, M., Markey, J. D., Gerecci, D., Rassi, E. T. E., Li, R. J., Sullivan, C. B., & Wang, T. D. (2017) · JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamafacial.2017.1040 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Caudal and Dorsal Septal Reconstruction: An Algorithm for Graft Choices
Sherris, D. A. (1997) · American Journal of Rhinology · doi:10.2500/105065897780914910 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Our Experience with Silicone in Rhinomentoplasty
Gubisch, W., & Kotzur, A. (1998) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s002669900198 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“This can be done by reconstruction of the septum, often possible only by an extracorporal technique [13].”
MethodSelf-citationTremp, M., Schneider, J., Raghu, R. B. N., et al. (2023) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-023-03293-3 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Review and update on extracorporeal septoplasty
McGrath, M., Bell, E., Locketz, G. D., & Becker, D. G. (2018) · Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head & Neck Surgery · doi:10.1097/moo.0000000000000509 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Intermediate and Definitive Cleft Rhinoplasty
Gary, C. C., & Sykes, J. M. (2016) · Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2016.06.017 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Göde, S., Benzer, M., Uslu, M., Kaya, İ., Midilli, R., & Karcı, B. (2017) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-017-0973-1 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Gubisch [15] reviewed the outcomes of 2119 patients who underwent extracorporeal septoplasty for markedly deviated septum.”
Treatment of Nasal Obstruction in the Posttraumatic Nose
Corey, C. L., & Most, S. P. (2009) · Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.otc.2009.03.002 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Long-term Outcomes of Subtotal Septal Reconstruction in Rhinoplasty
Asher, S., Kakodkar, A., & Toriumi, D. (2017) · JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamafacial.2017.1127 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Extracorporeal septoplasty with internal nasal valve stabilisation
Tasca, I., Compadretti, G. C., Losano, T. I., et al. (2018) · Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica · doi:10.14639/0392-100x-1525 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
40 Years of Total Extracorporeal Septal Reconstruction: The Past, Present, and Future
Gubisch, W., Hacker, S., Neumann, J. H. L., & Haack, S. (2020) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000007399 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationTian, Q., Chu, T., Sun, H., & Pang, M. (2020) · Ear Nose & Throat Journal · doi:10.1177/0145561320903147 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Outcomes of Combined Anterior Septal Reconstruction and Dorsal Hump Reduction
Patel, P., Kandathil, C., & Most, S. P. (2020) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.28611 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“The extracorporeal septoplasty technique, initially described by King and Ashley, but more recently popularized by Gubisch, has been advocated for extreme deviations of the dorsal and caudal septum.(7,8) One drawback of this technique is the requirement for reconstruction of the attachment of the quadrangular cartilag…”
MethodEmsen, İ. M. (2008) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-007-9108-4 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
RetractedFunctional Results of a Modified Extracorporeal Septoplasty With Open Access
Marangi, G. F., Segreto, F., Signoretti, M., et al. (2018) · Annals of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1097/sap.0000000000001444 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Bohluli, B., Motamedi, M. H. K., Varedi, P., et al. (2013) · Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.joms.2013.08.016 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Pascali, M., Boccieri, A., Carinci, F., et al. (2016) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000003306 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“The same solution has been adopted by other authors to create asymmetric vectors of forces pulling the middle nasal vault in the desired direction.(5,26) When all standard steps have already been performed and an evident asymmetry still remains, Stepnick and Guyuron(27) suggest the use of camouflaging onlay grafts.”
MethodE-M Shaped Septal Encircling With Medpor Reconstruction on Crooked Noses
Emsen, İ. M. (2008) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0b013e31815c9477 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Kridel, R., Kelly, P., & Holzapfel, A. M. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-05283-2.00035-5 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Septal replacement for severe anterior septal deviation
Murrell, G. L., Requena, R., & Wall, M. P. (2000) · American Journal of Otolaryngology · doi:10.1016/s0196-0709(00)85016-4 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Les septoplasties et gestes associés
Thomassin, J. M., Bardot, J., Michel, J., et al. (2014) · Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique · doi:10.1016/j.anplas.2014.08.005 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Foda, H. M. T. (2010) · HNO · doi:10.1007/s00106-009-2036-7 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Die Mobilisierung und Begradigung des dorsalen und kaudalen knorpeligen Septums kann technisch dermaßen schwierig sein, dass einige Autoren [17, 18, 27, 29, 33] eine radikale Exzision des gesamten Septumknorpels und seine Wiedereinsetzung nach Korrektur der Deviation empfehlen.”
BackgroundExtracorporeal septoplasty with paramarginal incision
D'Andrea, S. B. F. (2001) · Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery · doi:10.1080/028443101750523203 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
External Cantilever Sling in Septorhinoplasty: A New Technique
lu, A. N. (1997) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-199707000-00037 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Crooked nose: An update of management strategies
Hussein, W. K. A. (2014) · Egyptian Journal of Ear Nose Throat and Allied Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ejenta.2014.10.005 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Combining Piezo and Power Tools for a Better Outcome in Hybrid Structural-Preservation Rhinoplasty
Robotti, E., Khazaal, A. A. A., Leone, F., et al. (2024) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-024-04278-6 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“When a slot needs to be created, however, such as described by Gubisch in extracorporeal septoplasty [27–29] Lindemann burrs still represent a good option.”
Deviated Nose: A Systematic Approach for Correction
El-Wafa, A. M. A., & Emara, S. S. (2020) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open · doi:10.1097/gox.0000000000003078 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Managing the Severe Septal Deviation Using Dorsal Preservation”
Finocchi, V., & Vellone, V. (2022) · Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.fsc.2022.08.009 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Septumkorrektur in der Septorhinoplastik
Heppt, W. J., & Hildenbrand, T. (2011) · HNO · doi:10.1007/s00106-011-2324-x · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Modified Extracorporeal Septoplasty
Sazgar, A. A., & Amali, A. (2013) · Annals of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1097/sap.0b013e31827100a6 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Extracorporeal Septoplasty Combined With Valve Surgery in Rhinoplasty Patients
Karameşe, M., Akdağ, O., Akatekin, A., Koplay, T. G., Koplay, M., & Tosun, Z. (2014) · Annals of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1097/sap.0000000000000213 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Extracorporeal septoplasty for septal curvatures that cannot be straightened through classical septoplasty techniques was defined by King and Ashley5 in 1950s and was popularized in clinical practice by Gubish.6 This procedure involves removal of the quadrilateral cartilage, correction of its shape, and placement of t…”
MethodCaudal Septal Stabilization Suturing Technique to Treat Crooked Noses
Baykal, B., Erdim, İ., Güvey, A., et al. (2016) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000002941 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
A new approach for crooked nose: Separated spreader graft “puzzle graft”
Uzun, S., Keskin, S., & Kavvasoğlu, C. (2022) · American Journal of Otolaryngology · doi:10.1016/j.amjoto.2021.103335 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Nguyen, H. L., Hoang, M. P., Nguyễn, V. M., et al. (2022) · Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry · doi:10.2147/ccide.s364332 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Gubisch believed that the excised septum is a precondition for correcting a deviated nose.(26) We used the septal cartilage that was harvested during anterior palatoplasty to reinforce the cleft-side alar cartilage; this method was inspired by the method recommended by several authors for the initial repair of septal…”
MethodUsing the Septal Shift Technique to Correct Crooked Nose Deformity
Karaca, H. (2022) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000009371 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Biomechanics of Septal L-Strut on Lamb Head Models
Erol, O., Soto-Galindo, G. A., & Apaydın, F. (2022) · Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1055/s-0042-1749169 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Role of Extracorporeal Septoplasty in Deviated Noses
Ghaisas, V., & Parab, S. R. (2015) · Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery · doi:10.1007/s12070-015-0892-x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Gubisch, [1, 4], [5], was the first to publish a large and highest series on this topic in 1995.”
BackgroundThe Role of Extracorporeal Septoplasty in Severely Deviated Nasal Septum
Baser, B., Patel, D. K., & Mishra, A. (2017) · Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery · doi:10.1007/s12070-017-1237-8 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Emsen, İ. M. (2009) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-009-9390-4 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Gubisch [ 19 ] has dissected and removed the septum completely, then divided it into straight pieces and sutured these to each other to obtain a straight configuration.”
BackgroundRetractedAesthetic and Functional Outcomes of Open versus Closed Septorhinoplasty in Deviated Nose Deformity
Hosseini, S. M. S., Sadeghi, M. R., Saedi, B., et al. (2012) · International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery · doi:10.4236/ijohns.2012.12002 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“According to this, septal and nasal valve correction is the basic principle in treatment of a deviated nose [6,7].”
BackgroundResultRhinoplasty in the deviated nose: patterns of recurrence and role of facial asymmetry
Goffart, Y. L. J., & Remacle, S. (2019) · European Journal of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00238-019-01509-x · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A Promising New Technique for Correcting a Deviated Nose: Partial Disarticulation of Keystone Area
Cabbarzade, C. (2019) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000005678 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Various methods have been described for the correction of septum.(2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9) Availability of a wide range of methods actually arises from the fact that not even a single method is capable of dealing with the problems with minimum risks.”
MethodQuality of life after septal surgery
Khambaty, Y., Hasnain, S., Musani, M. A., Javed, I., & Khan, F. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Medicine and Research · doi:10.5897/jcmr11.036 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Goldman (1956) and Gubisch (1995) described the disadvantages of radical septal surgery.”
BackgroundCorrection of the Severely Deviated Septum: Extracorporeal Septoplasty
Steele, T. O., Funamura, J. L., Marcus, B. C., & Tollefson, T. T. (2013) · Ear Nose & Throat Journal · doi:10.1177/014556131309200905 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Finesse in Caucasian Endonasal Rhinoplasty
Gassner, H. G. (2020) · Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.otc.2019.12.006 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Reconstruction of the Nasoseptal L-Strut in Rhinoplasty
Kim, D. W., & Attenello, N. H. (2015) · JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamafacial.2015.1522 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Triple Swing Flap Technique to Correct the Asymmetry of Unilateral Cleft Lip Nose Deformities
Gubisch, W. (1998) · Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery · doi:10.1080/02844319850158624 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationPartial Extracorporeal Septoplasty in Crooked Noses
Pradhan, P., Kharwanlang, M., Chappity, P., et al. (2023) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-023-03589-4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“The detailed surgical procedure of extracorporeal septoplasty was first described by Gubisch in 1995 [1], where he removed the septal cartilage and replaced the corrected septum in the midline, fixed to the anterior nasal spine, nasal bone and crest of the maxilla.”
Counter Autografting of Dorsal Septum in Crooked Nose
Yağmur, Ç., Evin, N., Kelahmetoğlu, O., Kucuker, I., Kodalak, E. A., & Demir, A. (2020) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-020-01756-5 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
An algorithm for management of nasal caudal septal deformities
Younes, A. A., El-Dsowkey, R., Ragab, S. M., et al. (2019) · The Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology · doi:10.4103/ejo.ejo_24_19 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Hyun, D. W., Ys, K., Lee, J. G., et al. (2012) · Clinical Otolaryngology · doi:10.1111/j.1749-4486.2012.02471.x · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Correcting a Bent Septum by a K-Wire Stabilization During an Extracorporeal Septal Reconstruction
Gevorgyan, A. M., & Smith, O. (2013) · Aesthetic Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00266-013-0169-2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Following the initial description of his large series, Gubisch [5] reported on several modifications relating to the reconstruction of a straight septal plate, improvements in the medialization of the replanted septal plate, stable fixation of the replanted septal plate, and contouring of the reconstructed nasal dorsu…”
MethodInfluentialForty-five degree cutting septoplasty
Hsiao, Y.-C., Chang, C., Chuang, S., et al. (2016) · Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1177/229255031602400308 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“One technique offering good results involves extracorporeal reshaping of the nasal septum and insetting it back onto the nasal pyramid (19).”
MethodA New Technique for Robust Stabilization in the Keystone Area during Extracorporeal Septorhinoplasty
Kamburoğlu, H. O., & Bitik, O. (2019) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000005527 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Management of the Deviated Caudal Septum
Johnson, C. Z., Edelmayer, L., & Wang, T. D. (2022) · Current Otorhinolaryngology Reports · doi:10.1007/s40136-022-00398-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Criteria for Defining ‘Severe Septal Deviation’
Muzaffar, R., Mattoo, O., Khurshid, R. S., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10001-1170 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Forty-five degree cutting septoplasty
Hsiao, Y.-C., Cs, C., & Chuang, S.-S. (2016) · Plastic Surgery · doi:10.4172/plastic-surgery.1000977 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“One technique offering good results involves extracorporeal reshaping of the nasal septum and insetting it back onto the nasal pyramid (19).”
Intracorporeal Septorhinoplasty: Technique and Outcome
Nassar, A. T. (2018) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000004782 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Piezoelectric Drilling Hole Technique in Septal Fixation
Demirbilek, N., Evren, C., & Celik, M. S. (2019) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000005389 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Rigging the nose: a pilot study using barbed sutures in patients with deviated nose
Goffart, Y. L. J., & Remacle, S. (2020) · European Journal of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00238-020-01698-w · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gubisch, W.
- Affiliations
- Marienhospital Stuttgart (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Gubisch, Wolfgang
- ORCID
- Gubisch, Wolfgang
- Venue
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
- Published
- 1995-04
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 672-682
- ISSN
- 0032-1052 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2085053699
- Cited by
- 140
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 4.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Nasal Surgery and Airway Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Reconstructive Facial Surgery Techniques
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Cleft Lip and Palate Research
- Keywords
- septal deformity, septal reconstruction, nasal septum, nasal dorsum reconstruction, postoperative complications
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Nasal Septum, Nose, Nose Deformities, Acquired, Postoperative Complications, Reoperation, Rhinoplasty
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