Motor learning benefits of self-controlled practice in persons with Parkinson's disease
Abstract
The present study examined the effectiveness of a training method to enhance balance in people with PD, which could potentially reduce their risk for falls. Specifically, we investigated whether the benefits of the self-controlled use of a physical assistance device for the learning of a balance task, found previously in healthy adults, would generalize to adults with PD. Twenty-eight individuals with PD were randomly assigned to one of two groups, a self-control and a yoked (control) group. The task required participants to stand on a balance platform (stabilometer), trying to keep the platform as close to horizontal as possible during each 30-s trial. In the self-control group, participants had a choice, on each of 10 practice trials, to use or not to use a balance pole. Participants in the yoked group received the same balance pole on the schedule used by their counterparts in the self-control group, but did not have a choice. Learning was assessed one day later by a retention test. The self-control group demonstrated more effective learning of the task than the yoked group. Questionnaire results indicated that self-control participants were more motivated to learn the task, were less nervous, and less concerned about their body movements relative to yoked participants. Possible reasons for the learning benefits of self-controlled practice, including a basic psychological need for autonomy, are discussed.
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Self-controlled pole use produced similar learning benefits for persons with Parkinson's disease.
“Chiviacowsky and colleagues found similar learning benefits of self-controlled pole use for persons with Parkinson's disease.”
From Optimizing performance through intrinsic motivation and attention for learning: The OPTIMAL theory of motor learning (2016) · cites this paper as Chiviacowsky et al., 2012
When learners are given control over the use of physical assistive devices on balance tasks, learning is enhanced relative to externally controlled use.
“When learners are given control over the use of physical assistive devices on balance tasks, learning was enhanced relative to the externally controlled use of those devices (yoked conditions) (Chiviacowsky, Wulf, Lewthwaite, & Campos, 2012;Hartman, 2007;Wulf, Clauss, Shea, & Whitacre, 2001;Wulf & Toole, 1999).”
From Optimizing performance through intrinsic motivation and attention for learning: The OPTIMAL theory of motor learning (2016) · cites this paper as Chiviacowsky et al., 2012
Participants given a choice regarding pole use felt less nervous and were less concerned about their body positions.
“Questionnaire results in that study revealed that participants who were given a choice regarding the use of the pole felt less nervous and were less concerned about their body positions.”
From Optimizing performance through intrinsic motivation and attention for learning: The OPTIMAL theory of motor learning (2016) · cites this paper as Chiviacowsky et al., 2012
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Sevitz, J. S., Rogus‐Pulia, N. M., Malandraki, G. A., & Troche, M. S. (2025) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2025_jslhr-24-00768 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Socioeconomic status stereotype affects motor learning
Lima, M. J. P. F., Chiviacowsky, S., Drews, R., & Cardozo, P. (2024) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2024.102026 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationProcessus cognitifs et apprentissage des habiletés motrices
Thon, B., Albaret, J., Andrieux, M., & Ille, A. (2016) · Revue de neuropsychologie · doi:10.1684/nrp.2016.0380 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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Physiotherapie mit externem Fokus
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Hung, Y.-T., Wu, R., & Huang, C. (2024) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-024-01236-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Internal and External Validity
Kazdin, A. E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108993647.003 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Lessa, H. T. (2013) · Revista Neurociências · doi:10.4181/rnc.2013.21.882.5p · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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Null Hypothesis Significance Testing
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Bennett, L. V. (2016) · NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro)
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Construct and Data-Evaluation Validity
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Single-Case Experimental Research Designs
Kazdin, A. E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108993647.009
Kazdin, A. E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108993647.007
Cautions, Negative Effects, and Replication
Kazdin, A. E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108993647.016
Selecting Measures for Research
Kazdin, A. E. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108993647.011
- Authors
- Chiviacowsky, S., Wulf, G., Lewthwaite, R., & Campos, T.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas (BR)
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas (US)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chiviacowsky, Suzete
- Venue
- Gait & Posture
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-04
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 601-605
- ISSN
- 0966-6362 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2134562178
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 14.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Gait & Posture (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- CNPq (National Council of Scientific and Technological Development)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, motor learning, balance training, stabilometer, fall prevention, autonomy, motivation, yoked control, retention
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Postural Balance, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Learning, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Skills, Parkinson Disease, Prospective Studies, Reference Values, Self-Help Devices, Sensation Disorders, Walking, Treatment Outcome, Patient Satisfaction, Risk Assessment, Personal Autonomy, Feedback, Psychological
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