Millimeter-scale concentration gradients of hydrocarbons in Archean shales: Live-oil escape or fingerprint of contamination?

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Archean Molecular Fossils and the Early Rise of Eukaryotes

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2-Methylhopanoids as biomarkers for cyanobacterial oxygenic photosynthesis

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Sources of fine organic aerosol. 3. Road dust, tire debris, and organometallic brake lining dust: roads as sources and sinks

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Reassessing the first appearance of eukaryotes and cyanobacteria

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Evidence from fluid inclusions for microbial methanogenesis in the early Archaean era

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A reconstruction of Archean biological diversity based on molecular fossils from the 2.78 to 2.45 billion-year-old Mount Bruce Supergroup, Hamersley Basin, Western Australia

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Sedimentary Hydrocarbons, Biomarkers for Early Life

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Composition and syngeneity of molecular fossils from the 2.78 to 2.45 billion-year-old Mount Bruce Supergroup, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia

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Thermal stability of hydrocarbons in nature: Limits, evidence, characteristics, and possible controls

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Late Archean molecular fossils from the Transvaal Supergroup record the antiquity of microbial diversity and aerobiosis

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Methylhopane biomarker hydrocarbons in Hamersley Province sediments provide evidence for Neoarchean aerobiosis

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Assessing biomarker syngeneity using branched alkanes with quaternary carbon (BAQCs) and other plastic contaminants

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A Novel Approach for Recognition and Quantification of Hydrocarbon Migration Effects in Shale-Sandstone Sequences

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Hydrocarbon shows and petroleum source rocks in sediments as old as 1.7 × 109 years

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Solubility of crude oil in methane as a function of pressure and temperature

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Release of bound aromatic hydrocarbons from late Archean and Mesoproterozoic kerogens via hydropyrolysis

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Petroleum Geology and Geochemistry of Middle Proterozoic McArthur Basin, Northern Australia II: Assessment of Source Rock Potential

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Expulsion of petroleum hydrocarbons from shale source rocks

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Molecular evidence of Late Archean archaea and the presence of a subsurface hydrothermal biosphere

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Fossil Lipids for Life-Detection: A Case Study from the Early Earth Record

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Geochromatography in petroleum migration: a review

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Improved methods for isolating and validating indigenous biomarkers in Precambrian rocks

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Basin-internal derivation of hydrocarbons in the Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa: evidence from bulk and molecular δ13C data

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Laboratory biomarker fractionations and implications for migration studies

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Origin and significance of aromatic hydrocarbons in giant iron ore deposits of the late Archean Hamersley Basin, Western Australia

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Composition and sources of organic matter in atmospheric PM10 over a two year period in Beijing, China

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Minimum Thermal Stability Levels and Controlling Parameters of Methane, As Determined by C 15 + Hydrocarbon Thermal Stabilities

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Organic metamorphism in the California petroleum basins; Chapter A, Rock-Eval and vitrinite reflectance

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Molecular fossils in Archean rocks

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The rise of oxygen in Earth's early ocean and atmosphere

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The rise of algae in Cryogenian oceans and the emergence of animals

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Recent advances in carbon dioxide geological storage, experimental procedures, influencing parameters, and future outlook

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Evolution of Oxygenic Photosynthesis

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The aerobic diagenesis of Mesoproterozoic organic matter

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Paleobiological Perspectives on Early Eukaryotic Evolution

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Reappraisal of hydrocarbon biomarkers in Archean rocks

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Iron Formations: Their Origins and Implications for Ancient Seawater Chemistry

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The Ladder of Life Detection

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Quantifying the areal extent and dissolved oxygen concentrations of Archean oxygen oases

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The role of biology in planetary evolution: cyanobacterial primary production in low‐oxygen Proterozoic oceans

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Signatures of early microbial life from the Archean (4 to 2.5 Ga) eon

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Lost world of complex life and the late rise of the eukaryotic crown

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Biomarkers of black shales formed by microbial mats, Late Mesoproterozoic (1.1Ga) Taoudeni Basin, Mauritania

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Organic geochemistry and mineralogy. I. Characterisation of organic matter associated with metal deposits

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Comparative microbial diversity and redox environments of black shale and stromatolite facies in the Mesoproterozoic Xiamaling Formation

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Early sponges and toxic protists: possible sources of cryostane, an age diagnostic biomarker antedating Sturtian Snowball Earth

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Lipid taphonomy in the Proterozoic and the effect of microbial mats on biomarker preservation

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Buried Alive: Microbes from Ancient Halite

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Early life on land and the first terrestrial ecosystems

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1.1-billion-year-old porphyrins establish a marine ecosystem dominated by bacterial primary producers

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Mercury isotope signatures record photic zone euxinia in the Mesoproterozoic ocean

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Origin and early evolution of photosynthetic eukaryotes in freshwater environments: reinterpreting proterozoic paleobiology and biogeochemical processes in light of trait evolution

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Organic geochemical characteristics of the Mesoproterozoic Hongshuizhuang Formation from northern China: Implications for thermal maturity and biological sources

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Cryogenian evolution of stigmasteroid biosynthesis

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The Global Iron Cycle

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Shale oil migration across multiple scales: A review of characterization methods and different patterns

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Paleobiological Perspectives on Early Microbial EvolutionPreprint

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The transition from a cyanobacterial to algal world and the emergence of animals

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Ideas and perspectives: hydrothermally driven redistribution and sequestration of early Archaean biomass – the “hydrothermal pump hypothesis”

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Absence of biomarker evidence for early eukaryotic life from the Mesoproterozoic Roper Group: Searching across a marine redox gradient in mid‐Proterozoic habitability

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Paleoecology of Neoproterozoic hypersaline environments: Biomarker evidence for haloarchaea, methanogens, and cyanobacteria

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Assessing the syngeneity and indigeneity of hydrocarbons in the ∼1.4Ga Velkerri Formation, McArthur Basin, using slice experiments

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Cellular and Molecular Biological Approaches to Interpreting Ancient Biomarkers

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Micro-ablation, a new technique to remove drilling fluids and other contaminants from fragmented and fissile rock material

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Organic geochemistry of marine source rocks and pyrobitumen-containing reservoir rocks of the Sichuan Basin and neighbouring areas, SW China

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Microbial assemblage and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the 1.38 Ga Velkerri Formation, McArthur Basin, northern Australia

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Carbon dioxide wettability of South West Hub sandstone, Western Australia: Implications for carbon geo-storage

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Tailing of Chromatographic Peaks in GC-MS Caused by Interaction of Halogenated Solvents with the Ion Source

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Airborne hydrocarbon contamination from laboratory atmospheres

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Depth-dependent δ13C trends in platform and slope settings of the Campbellrand-Malmani carbonate platform and possible implications for Early Earth oxygenation

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Organic matter preservation in the carbonate matrix of a recent microbial mat – Is there a ‘mat seal effect’?

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Biogenicity and Syngeneity of Organic Matter in Ancient Sedimentary Rocks: Recent Advances in the Search for Evidence of Past Life

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Analysis of single oil-bearing fluid inclusions in mid-Proterozoic sandstones (Roper Group, Australia)

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Evidence for ancient halophiles? Testing biomarker syngeneity of evaporites from Neoproterozoic and Cambrian strata

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Emerging Patterns in Proterozoic Lipid Biomarker Records

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Constraining the thermal history of the North American Midcontinent Rift System using carbonate clumped isotopes and organic thermal maturity indices

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Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)

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Ancient Oil as a Source of Carbonaceous Matter in 1.88-Billion-Year-Old Gunflint Stromatolites and Microfossils

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Cyanobacterial Inhabitation on Archean Rock Surfaces in the Pilbara Craton, Western Australia

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Organic geochemical characteristics of highly mature Late Neoproterozoic black shales from South China: Reappraisal of syngeneity and indigeneity of hydrocarbon biomarkers

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Genetics re-establish the utility of 2-methylhopanes as cyanobacterial biomarkers before 750 million years ago

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Organic Geochemical Signatures of Early Life on Earth

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Quantitative hopanoid analysis enables robust pattern detection and comparison between laboratories

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A framework for the extraction and interpretation of organic molecules in speleothem carbonate

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Flower-like apatite recording microbial processes through deep geological time and its implication to the search for mineral records of life on Mars

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Substantial maturity influence on carbon and hydrogen isotopic composition of n-alkanes in sedimentary rocks

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Estimation and application of the thermodynamic properties of aqueous phenanthrene and isomers of methylphenanthrene at high temperature

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Efficiency of extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the Paleoproterozoic Here’s Your Chance Pb/Zn/Ag ore deposit and implications for a study of Bitumen II

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Hydrocarbons preserved in a ~2.7 Ga outcrop sample from the F ortescue G roup, P ilbara C raton, W estern A ustralia

Hoshino, Y., Flannery, D. T., Walter, M. R., & George, S. C. (2014) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/gbi.12117 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Opening up a window into ecosystems with Ediacara-type organisms: preservation of molecular fossils in the Khatyspyt Lagerstätte (Arctic Siberia)

Duda, J., Thiel, V., Joachim Reitner, A., & Grazhdankin, D. V. (2016) · Paläontologische Zeitschrift · doi:10.1007/s12542-016-0317-5 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

The slow rise of complex life as revealed through biomarker genetics

Gold, D. A. (2018) · Emerging Topics in Life Sciences · doi:10.1042/etls20170150 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Organic molecular evidence in the ∼1.40 Ga Xiamaling Formation black shales in North China Craton for biological diversity and paleoenvironment of mid-Proterozoic ocean

Xiao, H., Li, M., Wang, T., You, B., Lu, X., & Wang, X. (2022) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2022.106848 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Millimetre-scale biomarker heterogeneity in lacustrine shale identifies the nature of signal-averaging and demonstrates anaerobic respiration control on organic matter preservation and dolomitization

Xu, H., Hou, D., Löhr, S., Liu, Q., Jin, Z., Shi, J., Liang, X., Niu, C., & George, S. C. (2023) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2023.03.008 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Common origin of sterol biosynthesis points to a feeding strategy shift in Neoproterozoic animals

Brunoir, T. N., Mulligan, C., Sistiaga, A., Vuu, K. M., Shih, P. M., O’Reilly, S. S., Summons, R. E., & Gold, D. A. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-43545-z · Cited by 14 · see citing works

The diagenetic continuum of hopanoid hydrocarbon transformation from early diagenesis into the oil window

Synnott, D. P., Schwark, L., Dewing, K., Percy, E. L., & Pedersen, P. K. (2021) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2021.06.005 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Assessing Possibilities and Limitations for Biomarker Analyses on Outcrop Samples: A Case Study on Carbonates of the Shibantan Member (Ediacaran Period, Dengying Formation, South China)

Duda, J., Thiel, V., Joachim Reitner, A., & Blumenberg, M. (2014) · Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition · doi:10.1111/1755-6724.12338 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Molecular preservation in mammoth bone and variation based on burial environment

Colleary, C., Lamadrid, H. M., O’Reilly, S. S., Dolocan, A., & Nesbitt, S. J. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-81849-6 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Carbonaceous matter in ∼ 3.5 Ga black bedded barite from the Dresser Formation (Pilbara Craton, Western Australia) – Insights into organic cycling on the juvenile Earth

Weimann, L., Reinhardt, M., Duda, J., Mißbach, H., Drake, H., Schönig, J., Holburg, J., Andreas, L. B., Joachim Reitner, A., Whitehouse, M. J., et al. (2024) · Precambrian Research · doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2024.107321 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Exceptional preservation of microbial lipids in Paleozoic to Mesoproterozoic sediments

Schwark, L. (2013) · Geology · doi:10.1130/focus022013.1 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Heterogeneity of free and occluded bitumen in a natural maturity sequence from Oligocene Lake Enspel

Illing, C. J., Hallmann, C., Scott, A. C., Collinson, M. E., Briggs, D. E. G., Strauß, H., & Summons, R. E. (2018) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2018.10.021 · Cited by 11 · see citing works

Highly fractionated Hg isotope evidence for dynamic euxinia in shallow waters of the Mesoproterozoic ocean

Wu, Y., Tian, H., Yin, R., Chen, D., Grasby, S. E., Shen, J., Li, T., Ji, S., & Peng, P. (2023) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118211 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

An unusual Proterozoic petroleum play in Western Africa: the Atar Group carbonates (Taoudeni Basin, Mauritania)

Martín-Monge, A., Baudino, R., Gairifo-Ferreira, L. M., Tocco, R. A., Badalì, M., Ochoa, M., Haryono, S., Soriano, S., Hafiz, N. E., Hernán-Gómez, J., et al. (2016) · Geological Society London Special Publications · doi:10.1144/sp438.5 · Cited by 10 · see citing works

Enhanced procedural blank control for organic geochemical studies of critical sample material

Leider, A., Schumacher, T. C., & Hallmann, C. (2016) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/gbi.12183 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Molecular fossils within bitumens and kerogens from the ~ 1 Ga Lakhanda Lagerstätte (Siberia, Russia) and their significance for understanding early eukaryote evolution

Duda, J., König, H., Reinhardt, M., Shuvalova, J. V., & Parkhaev, P. Y. (2021) · Paläontologische Zeitschrift · doi:10.1007/s12542-021-00593-4 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

In search of early life: Carbonate veins in Archean metamorphic rocks as potential hosts of biomarkers

Peters, C. A., Piazolo, S., Webb, G. E., Dutkiewicz, A., & George, S. C. (2016) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2016.08.003 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Hydrocarbon biomarkers preserved in carbonate veins of potentially Paleoproterozoic age, and implications for the early biosphere

Peters, C. A., & George, S. C. (2018) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/gbi.12305 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Biomarkers in the Precambrian: Earth’s Ancient Sedimentary Record of Life

Hallmann, C., French, K. L., & Brocks, J. J. (2022) · Elements · doi:10.2138/gselements.18.2.93 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Molecular fossils probe life's origins

Hunter, P. (2013) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.1038/embor.2013.162 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Tentative identification of diagenetic products of cyclic biphytanes in sedimentary rocks from the uppermost Permian and Lower Triassic

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Bias in carbon concentration and δ13C measurements of organic matter due to cleaning treatments with organic solvents

Muller, É., Thomazo, C., Stüeken, E. E., Hallmann, C., Leider, A., Chaduteau, C., Buick, R., Baton, F., Philippot, P., & Ader, M. (2018) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.06.018 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Impact of drill core contamination on compound-specific carbon and hydrogen isotopic signatures

Schinteie, R., Colangelo-Lillis, J. R., Hope, J. M., Chen, Y., Nelson, D. B., Jarrett, A. J. M., & Brocks, J. J. (2019) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2019.01.003 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

Medeiros, P. M. (2017) · Encyclopedia of earth sciences series/Encyclopedia of earth sciences · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-39193-9_159-1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

The Biomarkers in the Mesoproterozoic Organic‐rich Rocks of North China Craton: Implication for the Precursor and Preservation of Organism in the Prokaryotic Realm

Ma, S., Zhang, S., Su, J., Wang, X., He, K., Fang, Y., & Mi, J. (2021) · Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition · doi:10.1111/1755-6724.14773 · Cited by 6 · see citing works

The aerobic biosphere as an O2 sink before the Great Oxygenation Event: geobiological feedback to solid Earth and surface oxidation

Runge, E., Vulpius, S., Herwartz, D., Pack, A., Brachmann, C., & Noack, L. (2025) · Geo-Bio Interfaces · doi:10.1180/gbi.2025.10003 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Molecular and carbon isotopic evidence for the possible origin of 13α(n-alkyl)-tricyclic terpanes in Mesoproterozoic bitumens from the Yanliao Rift, North China

Zhang, T., Peng, P., Li, Y., Sun, S., Guo, H., & Pang, H. (2024) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2024.104766 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Testing the ancient marine redox record from oxygenic photosynthesis to photic zone euxina

French, K. L. (2015) · doi:10.1575/1912/7126 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Assessment of apolar lipids in subseafloor rocks and potential contaminants from the Atlantis Massif (IODP Expedition 357)

Hickok, K. A., Nguyen, T. B., & Lang, S. Q. (2018) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2018.05.003 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Hydrocarbon generation from bacterial biomass in ca. 1320 million years ago

Wang, H., Zhang, S., Wang, X., Zhang, B., Bian, L., & Bi, L. (2020) · IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/600/1/012032 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Resource potential of the Proterozoic–Paleozoic Carrara depocentre, South Nicholson region, Australia: Insights from stratigraphic drilling

Grosjean, E., Jarrett, A. J. M., Boreham, C. J., Wang, L., Johnson, L. M., Hope, J. M., Ranasinghe, P., Brocks, J. J., Bailey, A. H. E., Butcher, G. A., et al. (2023) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2023.104688 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Paleobiological Clues to Early Atmospheric Evolution

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La vida temprana en la Tierra y los primeros ecosistemas terrestres

Beraldi-Campesi, H. (2014) · Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana · doi:10.18268/bsgm2014v66n1a6 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

On the origin of molecular compositions in the Proterozoic extractable organic matter from the Jixian section, Northern China

Huang, H. (2017) · GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL · doi:10.2343/geochemj.2.0450 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Geochemistry of organic-rich black shales from the Ediacaran Salt Range Formation (Sub-Himalayas, Pakistan): Implications for paleoecology and paleoenvironment

Ali, S., Li, M., Lai, H., Awan, R. S., Shi, S., Xiao, H. B., Hakro, I. A., Khan, A., & Iltaf, K. H. (2025) · Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology · doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.113104 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

The rise of lichens during the colonization of terrestrial environments

Becker-Kerber, B., Brocks, J. J., Archilha, N. L., RODELLA, C. B., Petkov, V. G., DeAzevedo, E. R., Pimentel, T., Garcia, R. H. D. S., Petts, D. C., Czas, J., et al. (2025) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adw7879 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

A comparison study on hydrocarbon composition in bitumens I and II from Lower Cambrian marine shales in Guizhou Province, South China

Li, Y., Xia, J., & Song, Z. (2019) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2019.01.133 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Assessing biomarker syngeneity: An in situ approach using monoclonal antibodies

Ferrer, F. M., Bailey, J. V., Corsetti, F. A., Moldowan, J. M., Barbanti, S. M., Caron, D. A., & Bryant-Huppert, J. (2018) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2018.05.006 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Quality Control Measures for Enhancing Confidence in Nanoscale IR Spectroscopy

Förster, M. W., Otter, L. M., Brocks, J. J., Jayasoma, K., Cisneros‐Lazaro, D., Nowak, D. B., Stolarski, J., & Knowles, B. M. (2025) · Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research · doi:10.1111/ggr.70014 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

A preliminary investigation of pore development mechanisms in highly matured solid bitumen: Implications from the Ediacaran Dengying Formation solid bitumen in the central Sichuan Basin, Southwest China

Zhu, L., Tian, H., Cheng, P., Gai, H., Li, T., Zhou, Q., Wu, W., Luo, C., & Peng, P. (2025) · Marine and Petroleum Geology · doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2025.107366 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Reappraisal of hydrocarbon biomarkers in Archean rocks

French, K. L., Hallmann, C., Hope, J. M., Schoon, P. L., Zumberge, J. A., Hoshino, Y., Peters, C. A., George, S. C., Love, G. D., Brocks, J. J., et al. (2014) · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)

Cyanobacterial Inhabitation on Archean Rock Surfaces in the Pilbara Craton, Western Australia

Hoshino, Y., & George, S. C. (2015) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2014.1275 · Cited by 24 · see citing works

Improved methods for isolating and validating indigenous biomarkers in Precambrian rocks

Sherman, L. S., Waldbauer, J. R., & Summons, R. E. (2007) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2007.08.012 · Cited by 71 · see citing works

Biomarkers or not? A petrologic assessment of Archean rocks and their oil inclusions

Peters, C. A., Dutkiewicz, A., Piazolo, S., Webb, G. E., & George, S. C. (2014)

Assessing Hydrocarbon Biomarkers Released from Archean Rocks after Hydrochloric Acid Treatment (Bitumen Ii)

Peters, C. A., Hoshino, Y., & George, S. C. (2019) · International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry (IMOG) · doi:10.3997/2214-4609.201902905