Lifestyle interventions for weight loss among overweight and obese adults with serious mental illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate effects of lifestyle intervention participation on weight reduction among overweight and obese adults with serious mental illness.Method We systematically searched electronic databases for randomized controlled trials comparing lifestyle interventions with other interventions or usual care controls in overweight and obese adults with serious mental illness, including schizophrenia spectrum or mood disorders. Included studies reported change in weight [kg] or body mass index (BMI) [kg/m 2] from baseline to follow-up. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated for change in weight from baseline between intervention and control groups.Results Seventeen studies met inclusion criteria (1968 participants; 50% male; 66% schizophrenia spectrum disorders). Studies were grouped by intervention duration (≤6-months or ≥12-months). Lifestyle interventions of ≤6-months duration showed greater weight reduction compared with controls as indicated by effect size for weight change from baseline (SMD=-0.20; 95% CI=-0.34, -0.05; 10 studies), but high statistical heterogeneity (I 2=90%). Lifestyle interventions of ≥12-months duration also showed greater weight reduction compared with controls (SMD=-0.24; 95% CI=-0.36, -0.12; 6 studies) with low statistical heterogeneity (I 2=0%).Conclusion Lifestyle interventions appear effective for treating overweight and obesity among people with serious mental illness. Interventions of ≥12-months duration compared to ≤6-months duration appear to achieve more consistent outcomes, though effect sizes are similar for both shorter and longer duration interventions.
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Some reviews have pointed out the effectiveness of OT interventions in SMI aimed at facilitating work, community integration or weight loss.
“In fact, some reviews have pointed out the effectiveness of OT interventions in SMI aimed at facilitating work,13 community integration57 or weight loss.58”
From Occupational therapy interventions for adults with severe mental illness: a scoping review (2021) · cites this paper as [58]
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- Authors
- Naslund, J. A., Whiteman, K. L., McHugo, G. J., Aschbrenner, K. A., Marsch, L. A., & Bartels, S. J.
- Affiliations
- Dartmouth College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Naslund, John A.
- Venue
- General Hospital Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-07
- Volume
- 47
- Pages
- 83-102
- ISSN
- 0163-8343 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5575752
- OpenAlex
- W2604907288
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 2.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- General Hospital Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (R01DD000140)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH089811, T32MH073553, R01MH078052)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (P30DA029926)
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (U48DP005018, U48DP001935)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- lifestyle intervention, weight loss, obesity, overweight, severe mental illness, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, mood disorders, body mass index, intervention duration, dietary habits
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Humans, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Weight Loss, Comorbidity, Risk Reduction Behavior, Overweight
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