How sedentary are people with psychosis? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Objective Sedentary behavior (SB) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate SB levels and predictors in people with psychosis.Method Major electronic databases were searched from inception till 09/2015 for articles measuring SB with a self-report questionnaire (SRQ) or objective measure (e.g. accelerometer) in people with psychosis, including schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorders. A random effects meta-analysis and meta regression analysis were conducted.Results Thirteen studies were eligible including 2033 people with psychosis (mean age 41.3years (range 25.1-60), 63.2% male (range 35-89%), body mass index 28.7 (range 25.9-32.1). The trim and fill analysis demonstrated people with psychosis spent 660.8min (95% CI 523.2-798.4, participants=2033) or 11.0h (95% CI 8.72-13.3) per day being sedentary. Objective measures of SB recorded significantly higher levels (p<0.001) of SB (12.6h per day, 95% CI 8.97-16.2, studies=7, participants=254) compared to self-report SB (6.85h per day, 95% CI 4.75-8.96, studies=6, participants=1779). People with psychosis engaged in significantly more SB than controls (g=1.13, 95% CI 0.496-1.77, P<0.001, n psychosis=216, n controls=159) equating to a mean difference of 2.80 (95% CI 1.47-4.1) hours per day. Multivariate meta-regression confirmed that objective measurement of SB predicted higher levels of sedentariness.Conclusions People with psychosis engage in very high levels of sedentary behavior in their waking day and current SRQ may underestimate SB. Given that SB is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease, future interventions specifically targeting the prevention of SB are warranted.
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People with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia have been found to be more sedentary than controls.
“although people with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia have been found to be more sedentary and less physically active than controls 21-24”
From Sedentary behavior and physical activity levels in people with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a global systematic review and meta-analysis (2017) · cites this paper as [21]
The Results section, “Differences in sedentary behavior in people with psychosis and controls” (page unavailable), reports significantly more sedentary time among people with psychosis than controls; the Introduction specifically reports this finding for schizophrenia. The “Primary psychiatric diagnosis” section gives sedentary time for one bipolar-disorder study but no bipolar-versus-control comparison. The paper does not establish the claim for major depressive disorder or the citing sentence’s separate assertion about physical activity. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPeople with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia have been found to be less physically active than controls.
“although people with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia have been found to be more sedentary and less physically active than controls 21-24”
From Sedentary behavior and physical activity levels in people with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder: a global systematic review and meta-analysis (2017) · cites this paper as [21]
The Results section, “Differences in sedentary behavior in people with psychosis and controls” (page unavailable), reports significantly more sedentary behavior among people with psychosis than controls. It does not establish that people with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia are each less physically active than controls. The Discussion also says the sedentary-behavior findings are not generalizable to people with bipolar disorder. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Stubbs, B., Williams, J., Gaughran, F., & Craig, T.
- Affiliations
- National Health Service (GB)
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Stubbs, Brendon
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-03
- Volume
- 171
- Issue
- 1-3
- Pages
- 103-109
- ISSN
- 0920-9964 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2272542447
- Cited by
- 284
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 17
- FWCI
- 4.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- kclpure.kcl.ac.uk
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- sedentary behavior, psychosis
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Male, Metabolic Diseases, Middle Aged, Psychotic Disorders, Regression Analysis, Databases, Factual, Self Report
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