COVID-19 and telepsychiatry: Early outpatient experiences and implications for the future
Open accessAbstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically transformed the U.S. healthcare landscape. Within psychiatry, a sudden relaxing of insurance and regulatory barriers during the month of March 2020 enabled clinicians practicing in a wide range of settings to quickly adopt virtual care in order to provide critical ongoing mental health supports to both existing and new patients struggling with the pandemic's impact. In this article, we briefly review the extensive literature supporting the effectiveness of telepsychiatry relative to in-person mental health care, and describe how payment and regulatory challenges were the primary barriers preventing more widespread adoption of this treatment modality prior to COVID-19. We then review key changes that were implemented at the federal, state, professional, and insurance levels over a one-month period that helped usher in an unprecedented transformation in psychiatric care delivery, from mostly in-person to mostly virtual. Early quality improvement data regarding virtual visit volumes and clinical insights from our outpatient psychiatry department located within a large, urban, tertiary care academic medical center reflect both the opportunities and challenges of virtual care for patients and providers. Notable benefits have included robust clinical volumes despite social distancing mandates, reduced logistical barrieres to care for many patients, and decreased no-show rates. Finally, we provide clinical suggestions for optimizing telepsychiatry based on our experience, make a call for advocacy to continue the reduced insurance and regulatory restrictions affecting telepsychiatry even once this public health crisis has passed, and pose research questions that can help guide optimal utilization of telepsychiatry as mainstay or adjunct of outpatient psychiatric treatment now and in the future.
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The COVID-19 pandemic caused healthcare systems worldwide to rapidly switch from in-person to telehealth visits.
“The COVID-19 pandemic imposed the sudden conversion of in-person to telehealth visits in healthcare systems throughout the world (Chen et al., 2020; Torales et al., 2022).”
From Online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for People with Parkinson’s Disease and Their Caregivers: a Pilot Study (2022) · cites this paper as Chen et al., 2020
The ‘Telehealth prior to COVID-19’ section says the pandemic rapidly shifted ambulatory healthcare from mostly in-person to mostly virtual visits in the United States. It does not establish that this occurred in healthcare systems throughout the world; no page numbers are supplied in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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“However, scholars have also pointed to some disadvantages of virtual or remote-based interventions including, difficulty reading non-verbal communication, loss of intimacy and privacy and increased disparities affecting people unable to use technology (Chen et al., 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialTelepsychiatry in an Era of Digital Mental Health Startups
Achtyes, E. D., Glenn, T., Monteith, S., Geddes, J. R., Whybrow, P. C., Martini, J., & Bauer, M. (2023) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-023-01425-9 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Hanley, A. W., Dehili, V., Krzanowski, D., Barou, D., Lecy, N., & Garland, E. L. (2022) · Clinical Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10615-021-00812-0 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Determining the conditions most conducive for mindfulness training is a pressing concern as the physical distancing measures designed to stop COVID-19’s spread have severely limited access to in-person mindfulness trainings and therapies (Chen et al., 2020; Reay et al., 2020).”
Torales, J., Vilallba-Arias, J., Bogado, J. A., O’Higgins, M., Almirón-Santacruz, J., Ruiz Díaz, N., García, O., Amarilla-Salvioni, D., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Ventriglio, A., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640211070762 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Different agencies have proposed and implemented telemedicine-based services in order to ensure access to health care for all people (Chen et al., 2020).”
BackgroundBeam Me Out: Review of Emergency Department Telepsychiatry and Lessons Learned During COVID-19
Natafgi, N., Childers, C., Pollak, A., Blackwell, S., Hardeman, S., Cooner, S., Bank, R., Ratliff, B., Gooch, V., Rogers, K., et al. (2021) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-021-01282-4 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Alfandre, D., Sharpe, V. A., GEPPERT, C. M. A., Foglia, M. B., Berkowitz, K. A., Chanko, B. L., & Schonfeld, T. (2021) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161.2021.1925778 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Genetic counselor experiences with telehealth before and after COVID‐19
Mills, R. A., MacFarlane, I. M., Caleshu, C. A., Ringler, M. A., & Zierhut, H. A. (2021) · Journal of Genetic Counseling · doi:10.1002/jgc4.1465 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Ainslie, M., Brunette, M. F., & Capozzoli, M. C. (2022) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/33092 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Initial findings during the pandemic with respect to telemedicine for people with serious mental illness are mixed but indicate that many patients are willing and able to use video- or telephone-based telemedicine from their homes [26-29].”
BackgroundSevere, J., Tang, R., Horbatch, F. J., Onishchenko, R., Naini, V., & Blazek, M. C. (2021) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/27357 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Beyond the Therapist’s Office: Merging Measurement-Based Care and Digital Medicine in the Real World
Chiauzzi, E. J., & Wicks, P. J. (2021) · Digital Biomarkers · doi:10.1159/000517748 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Chow, M. W., Noorthoorn, E. O., Wierdsma, A. I., van der Horst, M. Z., de Boer, N., Gülöksüz, S., & Luykx, J. J. (2021) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2021.1049 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“14 However, patients who find it particularly difficult to use digital modalities or who lack socioeconomic characteristics to use them may feel even more inhibited in accessing mental health services.”
BackgroundMontesanti, S. R., Ghidei, W., Silverstone, P. H., Wells, L., Squires, S., & Bailey, A. (2022) · Journal of Health Services Research & Policy · doi:10.1177/13558196221078796 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“There is ample evidence demonstrating digital exclusion among rural communities where broadband access is limited.(23,24,27) Further research is needed to examine how digital exclusion is experienced by diverse population groups, and across intersecting factors of gender, sex, age, geography, disability, race, ethnici…”
BackgroundInfluentialChatterton, M. L., Marangu, E., Clancy, E. M., Mackay, M. I., Gu, E., Moylan, S., Langbein, A., & O’Shea, M. (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-022-00553-8 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“[32] from a US perspective and qualitative interviews undertaken by Liberati et al.”
BackgroundMethodDaele, T. V., Mathiasen, K., Carlbring, P., Bernaerts, S., Brugnera, A., Compare, A., Duque, A., Eimontas, J., Gosar, D., Haddouk, L., et al. (2022) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2022.100571 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Examples of large mental health organisations rapidly transferring their operations online exist, however the transition remains technically and organisationally challenging, even in organisations with experience in the matter (Chen et al., 2020).”
BackgroundAlthumairi, A., AlHabib, A. F., Alumran, A. K., & Alakrawi, Z. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10071169 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“It is also unclear how this form of virtual communication may impact patient engagement and commitment to take care of their health [5,9].”
BackgroundInfluentialSchroeder, R. A. (2020) · Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association · doi:10.1177/1078390320970638 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“TMH has offered PMHNP providers a way to reach and treat patients who may have been left without care and an additional opportunity to reduce no-shows and increase productivity (Chen et al., 2020; Renzulli, 2019).”
BackgroundLiang, N., Becker, T. D., & Rice, T. (2021) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/13591045211061802 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“As the COVID-19 pandemic increased the rates of depression and other disorders across the globe (Clemente-Suárez et al., 2021), the risk of depression in the surviving parent wrought through the effects of the pandemic may be higher.”
BackgroundTelepsychiatry and Outpatient Department Services
Vadlamani, L., Sharma, V., Emani, A., & Gowda, M. R. (2020) · Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1177/0253717620960694 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Rains, L. S., Dalton‐Locke, C., Landau, S., Needle, J. J., & Johnson, S. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-04385-1 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“These include difficulties in assessing service users’ mental health symptoms, emotions, and physical indicators of mental health status (such as hygiene and physical symptoms of opioid withdrawal), reduced feelings of connection to and empathy with service users, challenges in maintaining service user engagement, and…”
BackgroundSeritan, A. L., Iosif, A.-M., Prakash, P., Wang, S. S., & Eisendrath, S. (2022) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-022-00261-7 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“The COVID-19 pandemic imposed the sudden conversion of in-person to telehealth visits in healthcare systems throughout the world (Chen et al., 2020; Torales et al., 2022).”
BackgroundHealthcare Professionals’ Experience of Performing Digital Care Visits—A Scoping Review
Lampickienė, I., & Davoody, N. (2022) · Life · doi:10.3390/life12060913 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Navinés, R., Olive, V., Hidalgo-Mazzei, D., Langohr, K., Vieta, E., & Martin-Santos, R. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1286101 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Orsolini, L., Bellagamba, S., Marchetti, V., Menculini, G., Valenta, S. T., Salvi, V., & Volpe, U. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10020390 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Nowadays, TP is the second most applicable type of TM globally (following teleradiology) [8,9].”
BackgroundInfluentialGhidei, W., Montesanti, S. R., Wells, L., & Silverstone, P. H. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-14224-3 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“However, virtual delivery of interventions and services was not widely adopted by service providers within the anti-violence sector prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and, when used, was restricted to remote areas with limited access to in-person services [33].”
BackgroundPrimary Mental Health Care in a New Era
Tselebis, A., & Pachi, A. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10102025 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Teleconsultations via telephone or videoconference replaced, as an effective alternative, in-person medical counseling, providing cost-effective interventions remotely while providing immediate access to health care [15,16].”
BackgroundOliver, A., Chandler, E., & Gillard, J. A. (2024) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/51315 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“…included the ability of staff and service users to navigate devices and platforms, the lack of physical or financial resources to obtain technology, poor connectivity, concerns around cybersecurity, and physical privacy when providing or receiving telehealth care in a home environment [1,8,10,11].”
Kwobah, E. K., Jaguga, F., Kiptoo, R., Ndolo, E., & Kariuki, J. N. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.588216 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Low internet availability for tele-health: Due to the effect of COVID-19 on ambulation, use of electronic platforms to deliver mental healthcare has been suggested as an effective alternative (26).”
BackgroundTelehealth and the Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner: Beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic
Zemlak, J. L., Wilson, P., VanGraafeiland, B., & Rodney, T. W. (2021) · Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association · doi:10.1177/10783903211045119 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“As a result of these measures, psychiatric clinical care rapidly shifted to telehealth platforms (Chen et al., 2020).”
BackgroundYue, H., Mail, V., DiSalvo, M., Borba, C. P. C., Piechniczek‐Buczek, J., & Yule, A. M. (2021) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/33697 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“From a provider standpoint, clinical care can be enhanced through greater understanding of the patient’s family and living situation [2].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialColvin, M. K., Forchelli, G. A., Reese, K. L., Capawana, M. R., Beery, C. S., Murphy, J., Doyle, A. E., O’Keefe, S. M., & Braaten, E. B. (2022) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09297049.2021.2005010 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“…companies have provided reimbursement for telehealth services, including neuropsychological evaluation services, but clinicians should be mindful of interstate practice issues (Chen et al., 2020) and closely follow updates regarding coverage for telehealth evaluations beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.”
BackgroundRosen, V., Blank, E., Lampert, E., Dominick, K. C., Will, M., Erickson, C. A., Pedapati, E. V., Lamy, M., & Shaffer, R. C. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05712-x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Temporary regulatory and reimbursement changes in support of telehealth practice during the pandemic have effectively diminished the biggest barriers to access (Chen et al., 2020) and subsequently telehealth, a previously infrequently used practice, has seen widespread adoption in hospitals across the U.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMorreale, M. T., Cohen, I., Wert, M. J. V., Becerra, A., Miller, L., Narrow, W. E., Schweizer, B. W., Straub, J., Zandi, P. P., & Ruble, A. E. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1237249 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The Implementation of Measurement-Based Care in the Context of Telemedicine: Qualitative Study
Tiem, J. M. V., Wirtz, E. R., Suiter, N., Heeren, A., Fuhrmeister, L. A., Fortney, J. C., Reisinger, H. S., & Turvey, C. (2022) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/41601 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“The use of MBC dropped among VA providers at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic [17], presumably because of the increase in telemental health [18], although the full impact on the delivery of clinical care, for both patients and providers, is still being understood [19-21].”
BackgroundPatient experience with telehealth service in a mental health setting
Lee, H., Palmer, J. D., Mullick, P. K., & Kiely, C. (2023) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2023.03.001 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“A recent study found that about 60% of people with serious mental illness own smartphones, and about 86% have mobile phones (Chen et al., 2020).”
BackgroundLuccarelli, J., Fricchione, G. L., Newton, A., & Wozniak, J. R. (2022) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2022.01.038 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationKablinger, A. S., Gatto, A. J., O’Brien, V. C., Ko, H., Jones, S. B., McNamara, R. S., Sharp, H. D., Tenzer, M. M., & Cooper, L. D. (2022) · Telemedicine Journal and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2021.0642 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Alakeely, M., Almutari, A. K., Masud, N., & Tulaihi, B. A. (2021) · Risk Management and Healthcare Policy · doi:10.2147/rmhp.s331903 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Lifestyles and Quality of Life of People with Mental Illness During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Tripoli, G., Duca, S. L., Ferraro, L., Zahid, U., Mineo, R., Seminerio, F., Bruno, A., Giorgio, V. D., Maniaci, G., Marrazzo, G., et al. (2023) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-023-01095-0 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“…accessibility to services is limited, it is possible to consider remote methods (like telephone and video calls) as an alternative to traditional interventions in an effort to ensuring adherence to psychopharmacological medication and psychosocial treatments (Chen et al., 2020; Guan et al., 2021).”
BackgroundShapiro, P. A., Brahmbhatt, K., Caravella, R. A., Erickson, J. M., Everly, G. S., Giles, K., Gopalan, P. R., Greenspan, H. N., Huijon, R. M., Key, R. G., et al. (2021) · Journal of the Academy of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaclp.2021.05.001 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Andrejek, N., Hossain, S., Schoueri‐Mychasiw, N., Saeed, G., Zibaman, M., Niño, A. P., Meltzer-Brody, S. E., Silver, R. K., Vigod, S. N., & Singla, D. R. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182212234 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Although there is a growing body of evidence that suggests that telemedicine is a convenient [11], efficacious [12,13], cost-effective [14], and an acceptable [12,15] mode of receiving psychotherapy, there remains a need for further evidence to decipher whether psychotherapy delivered via telemedicine is as effective…”
BackgroundGoing Virtual During a Pandemic: An Academic Psychiatry Department’s Experience with Telepsychiatry
Parikh, S. V., Taubman, D. S., Grambeau, M., Menke, R. A., Blazek, M. C., Sullivan, J., Severe, J., Patel, P. D., & Dalack, G. W. (2025) · Psychopharmacology Bulletin · doi:10.64719/pb.4392 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Schoenenberg, K., & Martin, A. (2023) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2023.2233685 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Video therapy was not established in many countries prior to the pandemic, and health insurers did not pay for video-based therapy sessions or restricted their use (Chen et al., 2020).”
BackgroundMcAndrew, N. S., Strong, Y. N., Morris, K. J., Sannes, T. S., Pirl, W. F., Cole, S. W., Mohanraj, L., & Knight, J. M. (2022) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.5894 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Implementing Multidisciplinary, Team-Based Care in an Academic Outpatient Psychiatry Department
Chen, J. A., Macchiano, S., Beckmann, D. L., Chung, W., Gartaganis, S. L., & Huffman, J. C. (2022) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.202200030 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationKrane, V., Kaasbøll, J., Kaspersen, S. L., & Ådnanes, M. (2023) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-023-09939-x · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“However, structural inequality in access to technological solutions and disparities in knowledge of digital tools have been highlighted [9, 21, 24, 25].”
BackgroundThe Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on US Emergency Departments
Romero, M. G. A., Penthala, C., Zeller, S. L., & Wilson, M. P. (2021) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2021.11.005 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“New policies allowing wider use of telemedicine during the pandemic opened the door for far more EDs to commence with on-demand emergency telepsychiatry programs, improving access to psychiatric care while also reducing percentages of psychiatric hospitalizations and boarding times.(77,78) In another recent innovation…”
Ratliff, G. A., Sousa, C., Graaf, G., Akesson, B., & Kemp, S. (2022) · Socio-Ecological Practice Research · doi:10.1007/s42532-022-00111-z · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Feasibility of remote Memory Clinics using the plan, do, study, act (PDSA) cycle
Collins, J., Mohamed, B., & Bayer, A. J. (2021) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afab173 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Many medical specialties have adopted remote clinics with remarkable ease [10, 11], with previously fewer reports in gerontology [12].”
BackgroundGega, L., & Aboujaoude, E. N. (2021) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2021.733151 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“…meant that many patients and providers who would have not considered using technology otherwise had an opportunity to try it, often with encouraging results, even if the benefit was not evenly distributed across social and socioeconomic groups due to differences in digital access and skills (24).”
BackgroundLieng, M. K., Aurora, M. S., Kang, Y., Kim, J. M., Marcin, J. P., Chan, S. R., Mouzoon, J. L., Tancredi, D. J., Parish, M. B., González, Á. D. S., et al. (2021) · Telemedicine Journal and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2021.0389 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Freske, E., & Malczyk, B. R. (2021) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc11040141 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Chakravarty, R. K., Chakrabarti, S., & Shah, R. (2022) · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1644_21 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Khanra, S., Mukherjee, A., Goyal, N., Das, B., & Munda, S. K. (2021) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2021.102568 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Though the need was felt decades ago, a surge of its adoption and use has been observed recently only after COVID 19 pandemic sets in (Chen et al., 2020; Bhaskar et al., 2020; O’Brien and Mcnocholas, 2020).”
Ådnanes, M., Kaasbøll, J., Kaspersen, S. L., & Krane, V. (2024) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-024-11157-y · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Other studies warn that at worst the use of videoconfer-ences can exacerbate disparity due to structural inequalities in access to digital tools [53, 54].”
BackgroundFehr, M., Köhler, S., Roth-Sackenheim, C., Geschke, K., Tüscher, O., Adorjan, K., Lieb, K., Hölzel, L. P., & Wiegand, H. F. (2024) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-024-01886-w · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Rossom, R. C., Yeh, H.-H. H., Ma, L., Penfold, R. B., Hooker, S. A., Miller-Matero, L. R., Simon, G., Owen‐Smith, A. A., Borgert-Spaniol, C. M., & Ahmedani, B. K. (2025) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000042305 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
El‐Mallakh, R. S., Belnap, A., Iyer, S. S., Schreiber, J., Matthews, D., Lefler, L., Dees, D., Bott, A., Vanegas‐Arroyave, N., Wolff, A., et al. (2022) · Telemedicine Journal and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2022.0234 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Story, K. M., Flanagan, M., Robb, S. L., Bravata, D. M., Bair, M. J., Otto, D., & Damush, T. M. (2023) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-023-09796-8 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Discussion Similar to recent findings on mental health providers and telehealth delivery, there were differences across therapist characteristics and telehealth adoption [20, 21].”
BackgroundMental Health Services during the COVID ‐19 pandemic in Abu Dhabi, UAE
Garhy, M. A., Dhufairi, A. A., Abdulrahman, H., Maskari, B. A., Ahmed, N., Khamashi, S. A., Kaid, A., & Shalash, H. (2021) · Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/pnp.720 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Social Workers Response to Domestic Violence and Abuse during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Holt, S., Elliffe, R., Gregory, S., & Curry, P. (2022) · The British Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1093/bjsw/bcac119 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Teaching psychiatry to medical students in the time of COVID-19: experiences from UK medical schools
Leung, H. T. T., Ajaz, A., Bruce, H., & Korszun, A. (2021) · BJPsych Bulletin · doi:10.1192/bjb.2021.67 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
- Authors
- Chen, J. A., Chung, W.-J., Young, S. K., Tuttle, M. C., Collins, M. B., Darghouth, S. L., Longley, R., Levy, R., Razafsha, M., Kerner, J. C., Wozniak, J., & Huffman, J. C.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Justin A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- General Hospital Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-09
- Volume
- 66
- Pages
- 89-95
- ISSN
- 0163-8343 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7347331
- OpenAlex
- W3040928965
- Cited by
- 227
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 85 · 2020: 8 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 7.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- General Hospital Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › General Dentistry › Dental Research and COVID-19
- Keywords
- telepsychiatry, COVID-19 pandemic, virtual care, outpatient psychiatric care, mental health service delivery, insurance coverage barriers, regulatory challenges, no-show rates, quality improvement, social distancing
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, Ambulatory Care, Mental Disorders, Humans, Mental Health Services, Pneumonia, Viral, Psychiatry, Telemedicine, Coronavirus Infections, Pandemics
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