The DOI matches its Crossref record; 349 of the 363 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 20 of the 40 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates: An update from the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation.
Open accessAbstract
Updated ISHLT consensus providing a framework for identifying candidates for lung transplantation and accounting for combinations of risk factors in candidacy selection.
Overview
Integrity signals
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Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
9 Partly supported · 6 No basis given · 4 Couldn’t confirm · 3 Own method · 1 Supported · 1 Sources not found · 1 No full text of the sources · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The ESC/ERS model also employs the assessment of risk using a multi-parametric comprehensive analysis of clinical variables.(284) Unlike REVEAL, this model avoids use of any non-modifiable criteria, and does not “weight” the variables according to their relative importance.”
§ Consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates: An update from the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation > DISEASE SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS > PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION (PAH)
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [284] Galiè, 2016, Eur Heart J sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
Section 6.2.4 calls for a multidimensional, comprehensive assessment, and section 6.2.5 says overall assessment should guide decisions when variables fall into different risk categories. The claim that the model avoids any nonmodifiable criteria is too absolute: both sections say age, sex, and other factors not affected by therapy can modify risk. The passages do not explicitly specify whether variables receive numerical weights. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“This trend reflects the expansion of acceptable donors and candidates made possible by clinical and scientific advances. Far fewer absolute contraindications for lung transplant candidacy exist now, compared to the time of publication of prior versions of this document, making the selection of candidates even more complex.”
§ Consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates: An update from the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation > INTRODUCTION:
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [2] Orens, 2006, International guidelines for the selection of lung transplant candidates: 2006 update—a consensus report from the Pulmonary Scientific Council of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation, J Heart Lung Transplant sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The introduction says advances in technology and medical knowledge prompted updated candidate-selection guidelines, and the Relative contraindications section allows consideration of some candidates previously treated more restrictively. But our copy does not state that lung transplantation expanded worldwide because more donors became acceptable, nor does it explicitly say there are far fewer absolute contraindications than in 1998 or that selection has become more complex for that reason. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.83)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [3] Maurer, 1998, International guidelines for the selection of lung transplant candidates, Transplantation source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] Weill, 2015, A consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates: 2014–an update from the Pulmonary Transplantation Council of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation, J Heart Lung Transplant source
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Frailty, defined as a generalized vulnerability to stressors resulting from the presence of multiple physiologic deficits, is associated with an increased risk of waitlist and post-transplant mortality.(51–53) However, frailty in lung transplant candidates is often attributable to advanced lung disease and may improve following transplant.”
§ Consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates: An update from the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation > RISK FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED: > Functional Status and Frailty:
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [51] Baldwin, 2017, Refining low physical activity measurement improves frailty assessment in advanced lung disease and survivors of critical illness, Ann Am Thorac Soc sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results (page unavailable) link frailty measured with FFP-DASI to increased death or delisting among lung-transplant candidates. The Methods (page unavailable) say participants were censored at transplant, so this study does not support the post-transplant mortality claim. The Abstract says no gold-standard frailty measure exists, but the paper does not specifically address using frailty measures for listing decisions. (LLM, conf=0.90)
- Supportedcites [52] Singer, 2018, Frailty phenotypes and mortality after lung transplantation: a prospective cohort study, Am J Transplant source
The Discussion states that frailty is associated with both waitlist and post-transplant mortality. It also says further work is needed to identify valid frailty measures before using them in organ allocation; the available passages do not give page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.93)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [53] Singer, 2015, Frailty phenotypes, disability, and outcomes in adult candidates for lung transplantation, Am J Respir Crit Care Med source
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Despite improved overall outcomes, many individuals with advanced CF lung disease remain at risk of short-term mortality. A 2017 study demonstrated a 10% risk of death each year after reaching an FEV1 < 30%, with many patients dying soon after reaching this threshold.”
§ Consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates: An update from the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation > DISEASE SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS > CYSTIC FIBROSIS
What the sources say
- Supportedcites [245] Ramos, 2017, Heterogeneity in survival in adult patients with cystic fibrosis with FEV1 < 30% of predicted in the United States, Chest source
The Discussion reports improved survival but an approximately 10% annual probability of death once FEV1 falls below 30% predicted. The Conclusions add that some patients die soon after reaching that threshold, while others live for many years. (LLM, conf=0.92)
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Lung transplant candidates must demonstrate abstinence from use of all tobacco and nicotine products (including nicotine replacement therapy) prior to transplant (e.g. with serial nicotine and cotinine screening).(111)”
§ Consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates: An update from the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation > PSYCHOSOCIAL RISK FACTORS: > Nicotine:
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [111] Hofmann, 2018, Smoking resumption after heart or lung transplantation: a systematic review and suggestions for screening and management, J Thorac Dis sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction says candidates are normally required to be smoke-free before joining a thoracic-transplant waiting list. But the systematic-screening section recommends cotinine testing at post-transplant follow-ups, not serial nicotine and cotinine testing before transplant. The paper also says nicotine replacement therapy can be used in transplant recipients; it does not establish the claimed pre-transplant ban on all nicotine products. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Non-CF bronchiectasis represents 2.7% of all lung transplants reported to the ISHLT Registry between 1995–2018.”
§ Consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates: An update from the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation > DISEASE SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS > NON-CYSTIC FIBROSIS BRONCHIECTASIS
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [1] Chambers, 2019, The International Thoracic Organ Transplant Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Thirty-sixth adult lung and heart–lung transplantation Report—2019; Focus theme: donor and recipient size match, J Heart Lung Transplant sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Lung transplantation—Indications section says Table 1 covers transplant indications since January 1995, but the passages available from our copy do not give a figure for non-CF bronchiectasis. Searches for “non-CF bronchiectasis,” “bronchiectasis,” and “2.7%” did not find the claimed proportion; the quoted passages instead discuss other indications and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. (LLM, conf=0.70)
- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Lung transplant for LAM is relatively rare; however, it is associated with better post-transplant survival compared to other advanced lung diseases.(1, 303–307)”
§ Consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates: An update from the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation > DISEASE SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS > LYMPHANGIOLEIOMYOMATOSIS (LAM)
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [1] Chambers, 2019, The International Thoracic Organ Transplant Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Thirty-sixth adult lung and heart–lung transplantation Report—2019; Focus theme: donor and recipient size match, J Heart Lung Transplant sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Lung transplantation section (page unavailable) reports that lymphangioleiomyomatosis as an indication for transplantation is favorably associated with survival in a multivariable model. It does not establish that LAM transplantation is relatively rare or recommend bilateral transplantation when organs are available; its favorable association for bilateral transplantation is reported separately, not specifically for LAM. (LLM, conf=0.87)
- Supportedcites [303] Ando, 2016, Lung Transplantation for lymphangioleiomyomatosis in Japan, PLoS One source
The Introduction describes LAM as rare and says it accounted for about 1% of heart or lung transplantation indications in an international survey. The Discussion reports that the Japanese LAM recipients had more favorable post-transplant survival than patients transplanted for other indications. The printed citing sentence does not make a claim about bilateral transplantation. (LLM, conf=0.92)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [304] Khawar, 2019, Clinical outcomes and survival following lung transplantation in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis, J Heart Lung Transplant source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [305] Baldi, 2017, Experience of lung transplantation in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis at a Brazilian reference centre, Lung source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [306] Kurosaki, 2020, Favorable survival even with high disease-specific complication rates in lymphangioleiomyomatosis after lung transplantation-long-term follow-up of a Japanese center, Clin Respir J source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [307] Kpodonu, 2005, The US experience with lung transplantation for pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis, J Heart Lung Transplant source
- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“An updated version of the score, REVEAL 2.0, which incorporates estimated GFR and all-cause hospitalizations within the previous six-months, has emerged as a powerful predictor of mortality and clinical worsening.(285–287) Neither of the REVEAL scores has been validated prospectively.”
§ Consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates: An update from the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation > DISEASE SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS > PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION (PAH)
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [285] Benza, 2019, Predicting survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: The REVEAL Risk Score Calculator 2.0 and comparison with ESC/ERS-Based risk assessment strategies, Chest source
- Could not verifycites [286] Chakinala, 2018, Impact of declining renal function on outcomes in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a REVEAL registry analysis, J Heart Lung Transplant sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion describes renal insufficiency as a mortality predictor included in the REVEAL risk score, and the Statistical analysis uses that score for adjustment. Our copy does not address REVEAL 2.0’s predictive performance or prospective validation (searched: REVEAL 2.0, clinical worsening, prospective validation). (LLM, conf=0.75)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [287] Frost, 2013, Evaluation of the predictive value of a clinical worsening definition using 2-year outcomes in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a REVEAL Registry analysis, Chest source
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Lung volume reduction (LVR), performed by either surgical or bronchoscopic approach, is an option for a subset of COPD patients with advanced emphysema who meet strict selection criteria. These procedures have been associated with improved lung function, exercise capacity, and quality of life.(181–183)”
§ Consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates: An update from the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation > DISEASE SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS > CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [181] Criner, 2019, Improving lung function in severe heterogenous emphysema with the spiration valve system (EMPROVE). A multicenter, open-label randomized controlled clinical trial, Am J Respir Crit Care Med sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Scientific Knowledge commentary says lung volume reduction surgery can improve lung function but is limited to eligible patients; the Results report improved lung function and health status after bronchoscopic valve treatment. The Results also say the improvement in exercise capacity was not statistically significant. The claim’s reference to delaying transplant is absent from the verbatim citing sentence and is not established by these passages. (LLM, conf=0.87)
- Partly supportedcites [182] Criner, 2018, A multicenter randomized controlled trial of Zephyr Endobronchial valve treatment in heterogeneous emphysema (LIBERATE), Am J Respir Crit Care Med sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction and Conclusion (pages not provided) describe surgical and bronchoscopic lung volume reduction as options for carefully selected patients with severe emphysema. The Discussion reports improvements in lung function, exercise capacity, and quality of life. The copy does not say these treatments delay transplantation; that point also does not appear in the verbatim citing sentence. (LLM, conf=0.85)
- Partly supportedcites [183] Fishman, 2003, A randomized trial comparing lung-volume-reduction surgery with medical therapy for severe emphysema, N Engl J Med sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion (p. 2071) reports that lung-volume-reduction surgery increased the chance of improved exercise capacity, lung function, and quality of life, with benefits varying by patient subgroup. The Methods (page not supplied) describe surgical approaches, not bronchoscopic reduction, so this paper does not support the sentence’s extension to both approaches. The citing sentence does not make a transplant-delay claim; the Treatment section reports transplant counts but does not establish that surgery delayed transplantation. (LLM, conf=0.87)
- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“The BODE index [BMI, airflow limitation (forced expiratory volume in one second), dyspnea and 6-min walk distance], which has been externally validated in at least 13 additional cohorts following the original derivation. The BODE index has been cited as the prognostic model of choice by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), and it formed the basis for listing recommendations in the 2014 ISHLT candidate selection guidelines. (4, 166–168)”
§ Consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates: An update from the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation > DISEASE SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS > CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [4] Weill, 2015, A consensus document for the selection of lung transplant candidates: 2014–an update from the Pulmonary Transplantation Council of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation, J Heart Lung Transplant source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [166] Celli, 2004, The body-mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity index in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, N Engl J Med source
- Partly supportedcites [167] Bellou, 2019, Prognostic models for outcome prediction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review and critical appraisal, BMJ sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The external validation studies section reports that BODE was externally validated in 13 cohorts. The Principal findings in context section says GOLD uses BODE in clinical decision-making for lung transplantation, but our copy does not say that BODE formed the basis of the 2014 ISHLT listing recommendations. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Not matchedcites [168] Disease GIfCOL: Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: 2020 Report. 2020.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Active infections are generally contraindications for transplantation.”
From Indications for Lung Transplantation and Patient Selection (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In cases of CF and non-CF bronchiectasis, the colonization of resistant bacteria progresses, thereby increasing mortality after surgery.”
From Indications for Lung Transplantation and Patient Selection (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Although COPD remains the most common indication for lung transplantation”
From Indications for Lung Transplantation and Patient Selection (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“transplantation is possible despite infections with non-tuberculous mycobacteria, non-aspergillus molds, and Burkholderia cepacia complex if accompanied by appropriate treatment [3,26-28].”
From Indications for Lung Transplantation and Patient Selection (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“the BODE score (body mass index, degree of airway obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity score) is still the most important indicator, and along with it, FEV1 and the presence or absence of acute exacerbation determine whether transplantation is possible based on the presence or absence of evidence for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), as summarized in Table 2 [3,42].”
From Indications for Lung Transplantation and Patient Selection (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The current consensus is based on 2 tools for referral and listing: the REVEAL Registry 2.2 (Registry to Evaluate Early and Long-term Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Disease Management 2.0) and 2015 European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society.”
From Indications for Lung Transplantation and Patient Selection (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Group 2, with decreased left ventricular function, is not an indication for transplantation”
From Indications for Lung Transplantation and Patient Selection (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In the World Symposium of Pulmonary Hypertension classification of PAH, group 1 is the most common indication.”
From Indications for Lung Transplantation and Patient Selection (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“transplantation may be necessary if prostacyclin treatment is required for an appropriate intervention, there is accompanying liver or renal failure, or severe hemoptysis is present [3,59-62]”
From Indications for Lung Transplantation and Patient Selection (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In 2021, the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) published a new consensus document for selecting candidates for lung transplantation [3].”
From Indications for Lung Transplantation and Patient Selection (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“group 3 with PAH and accompanying pathological changes in the lung parenchyma can be considered for transplantation.”
From Indications for Lung Transplantation and Patient Selection (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“The use of immunosuppressive drugs after transplantation may lead to poor control of infection and progression to sepsis.”
From Indications for Lung Transplantation and Patient Selection (2022) · cites this paper as [3]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Citations
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“…benefit has been demonstrated in a select group of patients with upper lobe predominant emphysema and low exercise capacity who undergo surgical LVR. 183 184-187 Prior LVR surgery can lead to formation of pleural adhesions, which can pose technical challenges to the surgeon at the time of…”
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“However, candidates are carefully screened and undergo rigorous evaluation to maximize post-transplant survival benefit due to the prevailing organ shortage [12].”
Liu, J., Liu, J., Huang, T., et al. (2026) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/cm9.0000000000004064
Functional testing for interstitial lung disease in 2026
Dowman, L., Marshall, E., & Khor, Y. H. (2026) · Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1097/mcp.0000000000001285
Cajas, L. J., Galindo, J. L., Gil, D., et al. (2026) · Revista Colombiana de Reumatología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rcreue.2026.504841
ter Haar, E. A. M. D., Slebos, D., Augustijn, S. W. S., van der Beek, L. E., van Dijk, M., Mei, A., Mei, C. H. W., van Riel, S. W., Koster, T. D., Klooster, K., et al. (2026) · Archivos de Bronconeumología · doi:10.1016/j.arbres.2026.05.005
State of the Art: The Relationship Between GERD and Interstitial Lung Disease
Laothamatas, K., McGroder, C. F., & Shah, L. (2026) · Foregut The Journal of the American Foregut Society · doi:10.1177/26345161261447971
Mechanical support for decompensated heart failure
Williams, A. (2026) · JAAPA · doi:10.1097/01.jaa.0000000000000358
Higo, H., Senoo, S., Makimoto, S., et al. (2026) · Clinical Transplantation · doi:10.1111/ctr.70582
“…includes disease-specific considerations for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, interstitial lung disease, cystic fibrosis, non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, thoracic malignancy, and acute respiratory distress syndrome [ 13 ].”
Advancing lung transplantation: current challenges and future directions
Lehr, C. J., & Juvet, S. (2026) · Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1097/mcp.0000000000001274
Banga, A., Guenthart, B. A., Banga, N., et al. (2026) · Clinical Transplantation · doi:10.1111/ctr.70572
Velazquez, I. M. S., García, K. L. R., Pérez, N. M. O., et al. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.109984
“[11], it does not encompass the complete set of criteria and considerations for lung transplantation assessment described in the original source.”
Schunk, M., Griesbeck, T., Kapfer, J., Barton, J., Neurohr, C., Kneidinger, N., & Bausewein, C. (2026) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2026.119469
Recommendations From the Medical Education Editor
Lavercombe, M. (2026) · Respirology · doi:10.1002/resp.70269
Corrêa, L. M. D. A., Brandão, L., Silva, Y. R. D., Fernandes, C. C. S., Fossati, G. W., Queiroz, L. R. G. D. M., Zanella, J., & Hernandes, F. G. (2026) · Transplantation Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.trre.2026.101037
Cook, D. N., Ravindran, A., O'Connor, S., Huaromo, J., Mannem, H. C., Villines, T. C., & Ayers, M. P. (2026) · Clinical Transplantation · doi:10.1111/ctr.70586
“Historically, 10% of patients who undergo evaluation for lung transplantation are found to have obstructive CAD [ 6, 7 ].”
Tazibet, K., Bunel, V., Mal, H., Goletto, T., Halitim, P., Morer, L., Mouren, D., Salpin, M., Sandot, A., Weisenburger, G., et al. (2026) · Transplant International · doi:10.3389/ti.2026.16549
“Given this lack of data, no specific guidelines have been established for IA use in the context of LTx [8].”
Hughes, M. J., Cricchio, A. L., Santis, M. C. D., et al. (2026) · Journal of Scleroderma and Related Disorders · doi:10.1136/jsrd-2026-000024
Outcomes of Lung Transplantation for Sarcoidosis in the Lung Allocation Score Era
Lin, T., Shacker, M., Rybachok, A., et al. (2026) · Clinical Transplantation · doi:10.1111/ctr.70583
Velasquez, N., Tomori, C., & Spaulding, E. M. (2026) · Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care · doi:10.1097/jnc.0000000000000648
van Pel, R., Cornelissen, R., Duininsveld, A., et al. (2026) · JHLT Open · doi:10.1016/j.jhlto.2026.100614
“4 Active (lung) malignancy is an absolute contra-indication for lung transplantation, 2 and depending on the tumor type, a significant disease-free interval is generally required before transplantation can be reconsidered.”
Zhang, S.-M., Huang, M.-Z., Wang, Y.-W., et al. (2026) · Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2026.108973
Lin, S., Feng, X., Zeng, F., Gu, P., Wang, K., Wu, J., Lan, M., & Wang, X. (2026) · European journal of medical research · doi:10.1186/s40001-026-04391-z
“Contemporary preoperative risk assessment methodologies demonstrate substantial limitations in accurately predicting postoperative cardiopulmonary complications [7].”
Revilla‐López, E., Barquero‐Dueñas, P., Andrade-Bustamante, A., et al. (2026) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/tp.0000000000005818
Exercise testing in the assessment of patients with bronchiectasis
Berton, D. C., de Oliveira, C. T. M., O’Donnell, D. E., et al. (2026) · Respiratory Research & Clinical Practice · doi:10.36416/1806-3756/e20260267
Clinical Significance of Pulmonary Nodules in Lung Transplant Recipients
Purushotham, N., Raju, D. S., Vijitha, C., et al. (2026) · doi:10.1109/iciscn67954.2026.11566491
“Although ISHLT guidelines recognize malignancy as a major contraindication [7], standardized quantitative tools for evaluating indeterminate nodules in transplant candidates remain limited.”
BALAKRISHNAN, B., Culver, D. A., LANCASTER, L. H., et al. (2026) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/13993003.00666-2026
Lungentransplantation? Was jetzt in der ambulanten Betreuung wichtig ist
Gillissen, A. (2026) · Pneumo News · doi:10.1007/s15033-026-4327-z
“Auch internistische Erkrankungen wie Niereninsuffizienz, Diabetes mellitus und Osteoporose werden insbesondere im Langzeitverlauf gehäuft diagnostiziert [6].”
Albalawi, M., Abdulqawi, R., Alkhani, A., Saleh, W. N., & HASHEM, M. (2026) · Pediatric Transplantation · doi:10.1111/petr.70392
Lung transplantation: state of the art and current practice
Tisekar, O., Tanangterapong, P., & Parmar, J. (2026) · Surgery (Oxford) · doi:10.1016/j.mpsur.2026.06.005
Clinical Updates in Pulmonary Hypertension
Diaz, G., Lawrence, A., Ossi, J., et al. (2026) · Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.31083/rcm48374
“Specific indications for lung transplant in Group 3 PH are the presence of moderate to severe PH in COPD and evidence of PH by echocardiography or RHC in ILD [ 2,61].”
New Lungs for Lung Cancer—Perils and Promises
Cali, E., & Govindan, R. (2026) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2026.11478
The BODE index in contemporary clinical practice: diagnostic and prognostic value
Пожидаєв, Р. А., & Лукашенко, Л. В. (2026) · Zaporozhye Medical Journal · doi:10.14739/2310-1210.2026.4.350252
“Це підтверджує значення багатовимірного оцінювання та своєчасного направлення пацієнтів на консультацію щодо трансплантації легень [ 4, 31].”
Moita, C. P., Cruz, Z., Inácio, A., et al. (2026) · Transplantation Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2026.06.027
Ryrsø, C. K., Lund, T. K., Thaning, P., Gliemann, L., Perch, M., Hartmann, J. P., Thorsen, I. K., Munch, G. W., Mortensen, S. P., Hellsten, Y., et al. (2026) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep093645
“In patients with end-stage COPD, lung transplantation (LTx) is an established treatment option aiming to improve quality of life and survival (Leard et al., 2021; Verleden & Gottlieb, 2023).”
Special Consideration in Lung Transplantation in Older Patients
Furuya, Y., Kennedy, C. C., & Bhorade, S. M. (2026) · Respiratory medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-29861-4_16
Interstitial Lung Disease In Older Adults
Chiang, G. C., Shao, S., & Antin-Ozerkis, D. E. (2026) · Respiratory medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-29861-4_15
Drop, W., & Stańska, A. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10346372/v1
Gismondi, A., Brunetti, G., Persano, G., et al. (2026) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/1545-5017.70451
Chirurgische Therapie des Lungenemphysems
Eichhorn, F., Winter, H., & Klotz, L. V. (2026) · Zeitschrift für Pneumologie · doi:10.1007/s10405-026-00691-7
Wang, T., Zhou, Y., Li, X. Z., Hu, J., Huang, D., Wang, W., Li, R., & Ding, J. (2026) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1873272
“Donor-size-normalized tidal volume and early peak airway pressure-derived pressure burden after lung transplantation: an exploratory single-center cohort study Introduction Lung transplantation is an established treatment for selected patients with end-stage lung disease (1, 2).”
Torlot, H., Ganeshan, B., Win, T., et al. (2026) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-026-08052-5
Basza, M., Bojanowicz, W., Zawadzki, F., et al. (2026) · Life · doi:10.3390/life16081224
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Kuhnert, S., Sommerlad, J., Seibert, M. M., et al. (2026) · Clinical Transplantation · doi:10.1111/ctr.70627
“Potential candidates for LuTX undergo an extensive evaluation of their cardiac health and function before listing [ 8 ].”
Stańska, A., Karolak, W., Wojarski, J., et al. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15155847
“Accordingly, International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation recommendations call for a multidimensional candidate evaluation that includes medical, surgical, and psychosocial factors [2].”
Stańska, A., Karolak, W., & Wojarski, J. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15155899
de Manna, N. D., Kruszona, S., Leon-Pena, A., et al. (2026) · The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation · doi:10.1016/j.healun.2026.07.019
Self-citationTreatable traits approach for personalised management of sarcoidosis
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Taton, O., Marchand, É., Carlier, F. M., Carron, K., Ceulemans, L. J., Janssens, W., Kuylen, M. V., Vos, R., Wener, R. R. L., Verleden, G. M., et al. (2026) · Acta Clinica Belgica · doi:10.1080/17843286.2026.2711066
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“This assessment evaluates an individual’s psychological health, social support network and ability to follow complex medical regimens [15].”
Salvator, H., Simon, N., Mamez, A., Catherinot, É., Roux, A., Suárez, F., Magro, L., & Wallyn, F. (2026) · Bulletin du Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.bulcan.2026.04.011
Breathett, K. K., Johanna, C., Lewsey, S. C., et al. (2026) · JHLT Open · doi:10.1016/j.jhlto.2026.100659
“58,59 Physical and social opportunity require explicit referral networks, protected coordinator time, protocols for donor identification and management, access to essential diagnostics and therapeutics, and channels for international or regional collaboration.”
Lung Transplant for Stage IV NSCLC—A Promising Intervention in a Scarce-Resource Environment
Mulligan, M. S., Pal, J. D., & Lease, E. D. (2026) · JAMA Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2026.3457
Surgical intervention in bronchiectasis and pulmonary tuberculosis
Fallatah, R. Z., Mohamed, A., Syed, A. M., Saleh, W. N., Alkattan, K., & Migliore, M. (2026) · Breathe · doi:10.1183/20734735.0370-2025
“Although post-TB anatomy may increase technical complexity, contemporary transplant outcomes in carefully selected patients are comparable to those achieved in other non-cystic fibrosis indications [30].”
InfluentialKim, N. T., Miyashita, Y., Kim, J. T., Kaiho, T., Yagi, Y., & Kurihara, C. (2026) · Journal of Artificial Organs · doi:10.1007/s10047-026-01584-5
“…factors for poor outcomes for lung transplant recipients have been well described and include older age, hepatic or renal dysfunction, and retransplantation [5–7]–in addition to the potential risks that ECMO itself poses to patient vitality (i.e., bleeding, thrombosis, renal injury, etc.) [8, 9].”
Clinical outcome of pediatric lung transplantation in the largest center of China
Chen, Y., Liang, J., Ye, S., et al. (2026) · Transplant Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.trim.2026.102437
Malignancy after lung transplantation: Understanding risk and navigating treatment
Yang, H., Yang, Z., Xu, K., et al. (2026) · Transplantation Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.trre.2026.101053
Chen, C., Huang, Y., Li, Z., et al. (2026) · Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology · doi:10.1186/s12995-026-00524-6
“LT is widely recognized as the final treatment for patients with advanced lung diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), pulmonary hypertension and so on [7, 8].”
Inactive waitlist phenotypes and failure to survive to lung transplantation
Kadir, S., Sasidharan, S., Shahmohammadi, A., Al-Bayati, S., Lerner, G. R., Zad, O., & Pelaez, A. (2026) · JHLT Open · doi:10.1016/j.jhlto.2026.100674
Emerging Topics In Obesity Treatment in the Setting of Organ Transplantation
Maahs, E. D., Zimmerman, Z., Khungar, V., & Banini, B. A. (2026) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-026-00749-w
Yang, J., Saavedra, J. M., Narula, T., Alvarez, F., Carlisle, A. E., Gutzwiller, L. G., & Taylor, B. J. (2026) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/hcr.0000000000001063
A Breath of Fresh Air: How Lung Transplants Give Oxygen the Pink Slip
Sinha, N. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-18934-9_37
Decaux, S., Glorion, M., & Pavec, J. L. (2026) · Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale. Pneumologie · doi:10.1016/s1155-195x(26)45838-7
Bohdan, M., Kowalczys, A., Radtke-Łysek, A., et al. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15187034
“Similarly, lung transplantation (LTx) is considered for adults at high risk of death from lung disease within two years, provided there are no contraindications and a high probability of five-year post-transplant survival is anticipated [2].”
Patientenversorgung nach Lungentransplantation: Komplex und interdisziplinär
Geist, A., Kleibrink, B., Koch, A., et al. (2026) · Pneumologie · doi:10.1055/a-2756-7690
Burke, F., Nyquist, A., Kattih, Z., Shlobin, O. A., Aryal, S., Khangoora, V., Kilaru, S. D., Singhal, A., Chowdhury, J. M., Thomas, C. A., et al. (2026) · JHLT Open · doi:10.1016/j.jhlto.2026.100693
Self-citationMcIlvennan, C. K., Anthony, S. J., Dobbels, F., Kennedy, C. C., Petty, M. G., Sanchez, M., Saylor, M. A., Blumenthal, N. P., Breathett, K. K., Clancy, M. J., et al. (2026) · The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation · doi:10.1016/j.healun.2026.07.037
Hirama, T., Itagaki, T., Ikushima, T., et al. (2026) · Clinical Transplantation · doi:10.1111/ctr.70702
Updates in the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease: evolving concepts and terminology
BAIG, H., Maule, G., Lee, A., & Ryu, J. (2026) · Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1080/17476348.2026.2736889
Isamalla, C., Abhijith, A. P., Attawar, S., & Rahulan, V. (2026) · Indographics · doi:10.1055/s-0046-1829090
Self-citationRodrigues-Tiago, B., Rolão, C., & Reis-Pina, P. (2026) · Paediatric Respiratory Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.prrv.2026.09.010
Therapie der Lungenfibrose – Beginn einer neuen Ära
Behr, J., & Veit, T. (2026) · Pneumologie · doi:10.1055/a-2959-4770
“Bei geeigneten Patient*innen sollte eine frühzeitige Über-weisung in ein Transplantationszentrum erfolgen [23]. bedingte Empfehlung gegen den Einsatz von Antazida oder Antireflux-Operationen zur primären Behandlung der IPF aus, da ein direkter klinischer Nutzen nicht nachgewiesen werden konnte…”
Lung volume reduction surgery for emphysema
Berikkhanov, Z. G. M., Agabekian, G., Tarabrin, E. А., Ivanova, M. Y., Muraviev, S. Y., Михайлович, Г. В., & Mayorov, E. V. (2026) · PULMONOLOGIYA · doi:10.18093/0869-0189-2026-36-5-841-851
Long-term outcomes of lung transplantation in the elderly: an analysis using the UNOS database
Shtraichman, O., Meyer, J. S., Zur, A., Leor, G., Aravot, D., Peysakhovich, Y., Shostak, Y., Kramer, M. R., & Barac, Y. D. (2026) · Journal of Thoracic Disease · doi:10.21037/jtd-2025-1-2473
Metadata
- Authors
- Leard, L. E., Holm, A. M., Valapour, M., Glanville, A. R., Attawar, S., Aversa, M., Campos, S. V., Christon, L. M., Cypel, M., Dellgren, G., Hartwig, M. G., Kapnadak, S. G., Kolaitis, N. A., Kotloff, R. M., Patterson, C. M., Shlobin, O. A., Smith, P. J., Solé, A., Solomon, M., Weill, D., Wijsenbeek, M. S., Willemse, B. W. M., Arcasoy, S. M., & Ramos, K. J.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Oslo University Hospital (NO)
- Cleveland Clinic (US)
- St Vincent's Hospital Sydney (AU)
- Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences (IN)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Medical University of South Carolina (US)
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SE)
- Duke University (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Royal Papworth Hospital (GB)
- Inova Fairfax Hospital (US)
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Leard, Lorriana E.
- ORCID
- Leard, Lorriana E.
- Holm, Are M.
- Valapour, Maryam
- Glanville, Allan R.
- Attawar, Sandeep
- Aversa, Meghan
- Christon, Lillian M.
- Cypel, Marcelo
- Dellgren, Göran
- Hartwig, Matthew G.
- Kapnadak, Siddhartha G.
- Kolaitis, Nicholas A.
- Patterson, Caroline M.
- Shlobin, Oksana A.
- Smith, Patrick J.
- Solomon, Melinda
- Wijsenbeek, Marlies S.
- Willemse, Brigitte W.M.
- Arcasoy, Selim M.
- Ramos, Kathleen J.
- Venue
- The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-11
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1349-1379
- ISSN
- 1053-2498 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8979471
- OpenAlex
- W3183806681
- Semantic Scholar
- 428c0f28db10a88c62c6b907d2c92a02bac6b503
- Cited by
- 821
- References
- 363
- Citations by year
- 2026: 170 · 2025: 181 · 2024: 186 · 2023: 176 · 2022: 97 · 2021: 11
- FWCI
- 110.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation
- Boomer Esiason Foundation
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- United Therapeutics Corporation
- European Respiratory Society
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals
- Savara Pharmaceuticals
- Galecto
- ZonMw
- Astellas Pharma
- Lung Foundation Netherlands
- National Institutes of Health
- Health Resources and Services Administration
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K23HL138154)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Transplantation: Methods and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Organ Donation and Transplantation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Pulmonary Hypertension Research and Treatments
- Keywords
- lung transplantation, transplant candidate selection, advanced lung disease, referral timing, transplant evaluation, transplant listing, transplant ethics, risk stratification, International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation
- MeSH terms
- Contraindications, Cystic Fibrosis, Humans, Societies, Medical, Lung Transplantation, Patient Selection, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
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