The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Lithium battery reusing and recycling: A circular economy insight
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Driven by the rapid uptake of battery electric vehicles, Li-ion power batteries are increasingly reused in stationary energy storage systems, and eventually recycled to recover all the valued components. Offering an updated global perspective, this study provides a circular economy insight on lithium-ion battery reuse and recycling.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Figures
![Fig. 1 Amsterdam's “Johan Cruyff Arena” multipurpose stadium. [Photo courtesy of Eaton].](/paper-figures/28fb31381a6f46dfa4cc3c00706313b9/lithium-battery-reusing-and-recycling-a-circular-economy-insight-figure-1.jpg)
![Fig. 2 Racks with part of the 2.8MWh energy storage system at the “Johan Cruyff Arena”. [Photo courtesy of Eaton].](/paper-figures/403062c9d9d546bb8373fc026e668f02/lithium-battery-reusing-and-recycling-a-circular-economy-insight-figure-2.jpg)
![Fig. 3 Simplified pretreatment process of spent LIBs based on citric aicd/hydrogen peroxide oxidative leaching of Co and Li: (A) manual dismantling; (B) peeling off Al/Cu foils and recycling of Al and Cu (top); and circulatory leaching experiments under the optimized conditions using citric acid and H2O2 (bottom). [Reproduced with permission from Ref.21, Copyright American Chemical Society].](/paper-figures/fb6633e5f0864d848d60599e94a953e1/lithium-battery-reusing-and-recycling-a-circular-economy-insight-figure-3.jpg)
![Fig. 4 Flowsheet of the method for treating entire spent LiFePO4 batteries using aqueous sodium persulfate under neutral conditions for Li leaching. [Reproduced with permission from Ref.22, Copyright American Chemical Society].](/paper-figures/5eb55dd00ba54fcfabc55266e6436833/lithium-battery-reusing-and-recycling-a-circular-economy-insight-figure-4.jpg)
![Fig. 5 The automatic control system of GEM power battery precursor material production line. [Photo courtesy of GEM Co., kindly reproduced from gem.com.cn].](/paper-figures/a1ea47b3042148e18ab7eb85deb6facf/lithium-battery-reusing-and-recycling-a-circular-economy-insight-figure-5.jpg)
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, seven of the components (cobalt, lithium, copper, graphite, nickel, aluminum, and manganese) have been reported to comprise >90% of the economic value of a spent lithium-ion battery: Co (39%) and Li (16%, as LCE equivalent) followed by Cu (12%), graphite (10%), Ni (9%), Al (5%), and Mn(2%) [56].”
From Lithium Supply Chain Optimization: A Global Analysis of Critical Minerals for Batteries (2024) · cites this paper as [56]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Ageing mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries
Vetter, J., Novák, P., Wagner, M. R., Veit, C., Möller, K.-C., Besenhard, J. O., Winter, M., Wohlfahrt-Mehrens, M., Vogler, C., & Hammouche, A. (2005) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.01.006 · Cited by 3,987
Materials for lithium-ion battery safety
Liu, K., Liu, Y., Lin, D., Pei, A., & Cui, Y. (2018) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aas9820 · Cited by 1,677
Comparative Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Conventional and Electric Vehicles
Hawkins, T. R., Singh, B., Majeau‐Bettez, G., & Strømman, A. H. (2013) · Journal of Industrial Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1530-9290.2012.00532.x · Cited by 1,670
A Critical Review and Analysis on the Recycling of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries
Lv, W., Wang, Z.-H., Cao, H., Sun, Y., Zhang, Y., & Sun, Z. H. I. (2017) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b03811 · Cited by 1,196
Li, L., Fan, E., Guan, Y., Zhang, X., Xue, Q. Z., Wei, L., Wu, F., & Chen, R. (2017) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b00571 · Cited by 486
Lithium-ion battery aging mechanisms and life model under different charging stresses
Gao, Y., Jiang, J., Zhang, C., Zhang, W., Ma, Z., & Jiang, Y. (2017) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.04.084 · Cited by 398
Zhang, J., Hu, J., Liu, Y., Jing, Q., Yang, C., Chen, Y., & Wang, C. (2019) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b00404 · Cited by 364
Quantifying EV battery end-of-life through analysis of travel needs with vehicle powertrain models
Saxena, S., Le Floch, C., MacDonald, J., & Moura, S. (2015) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.01.072 · Cited by 363
Sustainable Recovery of Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Green Process
Chen, X., Luo, C., Zhang, J., Kong, J., & Zhou, T. (2015) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.5b01000 · Cited by 349
Citric acid: emerging applications of key biotechnology industrial product
Ciriminna, R., Meneguzzo, F., Delisi, R., & Pagliaro, M. (2017) · Chemistry Central Journal · doi:10.1186/s13065-017-0251-y · Cited by 311
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 321
Energy unit cost assessment of six photovoltaic-battery configurations
Kosmadakis, I. E., Elmasides, C., Koulinas, G. K., & Tsagarakis, K. P. (2021) · Renewable Energy · doi:10.1016/j.renene.2021.03.010 · Cited by 41
Lithium Supply Chain Optimization: A Global Analysis of Critical Minerals for Batteries
Jones, E. C. (2024) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en17112685 · Cited by 41
Mei, W.-W., Yang, X.-G., Li, L., Tong, Y., Lei, Y., Li, P., & Zheng, Z. (2020) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b06175 · Cited by 29
Ralph, N. (2021) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128549 · Cited by 51
Mineral Policy within the Framework of Limited Critical Resources and a Green Energy Transition
Nate, S., Bilan, Y., Kurylo, M., Lyashenko, O., Napieralski, P., & Kharlamova, G. (2021) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en14092688 · Cited by 39
Lampón, J. F. (2022) · Sustainable Development · doi:10.1002/sd.2370 · Cited by 39
Pręgowska, A., Osial, M. E., & Urbańska, W. (2022) · Recycling · doi:10.3390/recycling7060081 · Cited by 45
Renewable Energy Systems: Enhanced Resilience, Lower Costs
Pagliaro, M. (2019) · Energy Technology · doi:10.1002/ente.201900791 · Cited by 39
Self-citationPaone, E., Miceli, M., Malara, A., Ye, G., Mousa, E. A., Bontempi, E., Frontera, P., & Mauriello, F. (2022) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c08008 · Cited by 40
Lim, J., Lee, H., Lee, S., & Hong, S. (2024) · Desalination · doi:10.1016/j.desal.2024.117403 · Cited by 37
Li, F., Wang, P., Chen, W., Chen, W., Wen, B.-J., & Dai, T. (2022) · Sustainable Production and Consumption · doi:10.1016/j.spc.2022.01.018 · Cited by 37
Pederzoli, D. W., Carnevali, C., Genova, R., Mazzucchelli, M., Borghi, A. D., Gallo, M., & Moreschi, L. (2022) · SN Applied Sciences · doi:10.1007/s42452-021-04933-6 · Cited by 35
Zheng, P., Young, D., Yang, T., Xiao, Y., & Li, Z. (2023) · Frontiers in Sustainable Resource Management · doi:10.3389/fsrma.2023.1127001 · Cited by 39
He, M., Li, Q., Wu, X., & Han, X. (2024) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142966 · Cited by 35
Wang, K., Lin, X., Zheng, J., Zheng, J., He, H., Xu, Y., Wang, D., Zheng, Z., & Huang, Y. (2025) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.146229 · Cited by 38
Reviving bipolar construction to design and develop high-energy sodium-ion batteries
Sundaram, P. M., Soni, C. B., Sungjemmenla, Vineeth, S. K., Sanjaykumar, C., & Kumar, V. (2023) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2023.107139 · Cited by 35
Gerold, E., Lerchbammer, R., Strnad, C., & Antrekowitsch, H. (2023) · Hydrometallurgy · doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2023.106187 · Cited by 34
Wolf, A., Flegler, A., Prieschl, J., Stübinger, T., Witt, W., Seiser, F., Vinnay, T., Sinn, T., Gleiß, M., Nirschl, H., et al. (2021) · Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification · doi:10.1016/j.cep.2021.108310 · Cited by 34
Xu, S. X., Feng, J., Huang, G. Q., Zhai, Y., & Cheng, M. (2022) · International Journal of Production Research · doi:10.1080/00207543.2022.2157904 · Cited by 34
Safety in lithium-ion battery circularity activities: A framework and evaluation methodology
Chen, Z., Yıldızbaşı, A., Wang, Y., & Sarkis, J. (2023) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2023.106962 · Cited by 34
Scientific Attention to Sustainability and SDGs: Meta-Analysis of Academic Papers
Asatani, K., Takeda, H., Yamano, H., & Sakata, I. (2020) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en13040975 · Cited by 40
Maheswari, H., Yudoko, G., Adhiutama, A., & Agustina, H. (2020) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04834 · Cited by 33
Al-Wreikat, Y., Attfield, E. K., & Sodré, J. R. (2022) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2022.124975 · Cited by 33
Recycling methods for different cathode chemistries – A critical review
Wang, Y., Goikolea, E., de Larramendi, I. R., Lanceros-Méndez, S., & Zhang, Q. (2022) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2022.106053 · Cited by 34
An activity theory-based analysis approach for end-of-life management of electric vehicle batteries
Li, J., Qiao, Z., Simeone, A., Bao, J., & Zhang, Y. (2020) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105040 · Cited by 32
Prates, L. F. S., Karthe, D., Zhang, L., Wang, L., O'Connor, J., Lee, H., & Dornack, C. (2023) · Environmental Earth Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12665-023-10806-5 · Cited by 41
Rautela, R., Yadav, B. R., & Kumar, S. (2024) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.141602 · Cited by 31
Cui, X., Panda, B., Chin, C. M. M., Sakundarini, N., Wang, C., & Pareek, K. (2020) · Energy Storage · doi:10.1002/est2.158 · Cited by 31
Mukhopadhyay, A., Alipanah, M., Diaz, L. A., Jin, H., Barboza, C., House, C., Fujita, Y., Thompson, V. S., & Reed, D. W. (2024) · ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c06090 · Cited by 32
Luo, J., Yang, Y., & Yan, J. (2025) · International Journal of Production Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109551 · Cited by 32
Zhu, H., Hu, D., & Yang, Y. (2025) · International Journal of Production Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ijpe.2025.109556 · Cited by 37
Gu, S., Kong, J., Xing, L., Sun, H., Qiu, Y., & Yu, J. (2021) · Journal of environmental chemical engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jece.2022.107745 · Cited by 29
Techno-Economic Analysis of the Business Potential of Second-Life Batteries in Ostrobothnia, Finland
Lieskoski, S., Tuuf, J., & Björklund‐Sänkiaho, M. (2024) · Batteries · doi:10.3390/batteries10010036 · Cited by 29
Curtis, T. L., USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Smith, L., Buchanan, H., & Heath, G. A. (2021) · doi:10.2172/1768315 · Cited by 29
Recent advances in tin-based anode materials for potassium-ion batteries
Zhang, J., & Zhao, J. (2023) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2023.108366 · Cited by 28
Environmental impact assessment of lithium ion battery employing cradle to grave
Bawankar, S., Dwivedi, G., Nanda, I., Macedo, V. D. J., Kesharvani, S., Meshram, K., Jain, S., Mishra, S., Singh, V. P., & Verma, P. C. (2023) · Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments · doi:10.1016/j.seta.2023.103530 · Cited by 33
Giza, K., Pośpiech, B., & Gęga, J. (2023) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en16155777 · Cited by 30
Upcycling of Cathode Materials from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries: Progress, Challenges, and Outlook
Zheng, L., Pan, Y., Lu, J., Zhen, A., & Zheng, H. (2023) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c02208 · Cited by 26
LRP-Based Design of Sustainable Recycling Network for Electric Vehicle Batteries
Hu, X., Yan, W. P., Zhang, X., Feng, Z., Wang, Y., Ying, B., & Zhang, H. (2022) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr10020273 · Cited by 26
Research progress on recycling of spent lithium iron phosphate batteries
Zhang, H., Wang, H., Wang, H., Ge, Z., Xie, W., Hao, J., Hao, J., Zhang, G., & He, Y. (2025) · Process Safety and Environmental Protection · doi:10.1016/j.psep.2025.107512 · Cited by 25
Hammed, V. O., Salako, E. W., Edet, D., Ederhion, J., Keshinro, B. I., Uwaoma, I. A., Adeleke, O. J., Akinrotimi, O., Adedokun, O. J., Makinde, P. F., et al. (2025) · Measurement Energy · doi:10.1016/j.meaene.2025.100060 · Cited by 33
Xiao, J., Liu, H., Huang, J., Lu, Y., & Zhang, L. (2020) · Applied Surface Science · doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2020.146746 · Cited by 25
Lehmusto, M., & Santasalo-Aarnio, A. (2022) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231164 · Cited by 28
Comprehensive Characterization of Shredded Lithium‐Ion Battery Recycling Material
Peschel, C., van Wickeren, S., Preibisch, Y., Naber, V., Werner, D. M., Frankenstein, L., Horsthemke, F., Peuker, U. A., Winter, M., & Nowak, S. (2022) · Chemistry - A European Journal · doi:10.1002/chem.202200485 · Cited by 26
Volcanic ash as multi‐nutrient mineral fertilizer: Science and early applications
Ciriminna, R., Scurria, A., Tizza, G., & Pagliaro, M. (2022) · JSFA reports · doi:10.1002/jsf2.87 · Cited by 23
Self-citationValizadeh, A., Amirhosseini, M. H., & Ghorbani, Y. (2024) · Computers & Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.compchemeng.2024.108623 · Cited by 27
Piombo, G., Niri, M. F., & Marco, J. (2024) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.144526 · Cited by 22
Żelazna, A., Gołębiowska, J., Zdyb, A., & Pawłowski, A. (2020) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en13153978 · Cited by 22
Ugalde, J. D. C., & Peiró, L. T. (2024) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2024.107546 · Cited by 21
Mirages or miracles? Lithium extraction and the just energy transition
Dowling, C., & Otero, G. (2024) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2024.103862 · Cited by 26
Sita, L. E., dos Santos, C. S., da Silva, S. P., Lima, A. D. F., & Scarmínio, J. (2021) · Journal of Alloys and Compounds · doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.162350 · Cited by 21
Effective Leaching Strategies for a Closed-Loop Spent Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling Process
Ratnam, M. V., Kumar, K. S., Samraj, S., Abdulkadir, M., & Rao, K. N. (2021) · Journal of Hazardous Toxic and Radioactive Waste · doi:10.1061/(asce)hz.2153-5515.0000671 · Cited by 21
Dolotko, O., Gehrke, N., Knapp, M., & Ehrenberg, H. (2023) · Journal of Alloys and Compounds · doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2023.172884 · Cited by 20
Aphale, S., Kelani, A., Nandurdikar, V., Lulla, S., & Mutha, S. (2020) · IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy · doi:10.1109/pecon48942.2020.9314515 · Cited by 20
Urban transport assessment of emissions and resource demand of climate protection scenarios
Byrne, L., Bach, V., & Finkbeiner, M. (2021) · Cleaner Environmental Systems · doi:10.1016/j.cesys.2021.100019 · Cited by 20
Figueroa-González, E., UC, J. O., Rodríguez‐González, V., Gomez-Solis, C., García, C. R., & UC, J. O. (2021) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2021.103544 · Cited by 20
Alagarsamy, S., Vishnuram, P., Shanmugam, Y., Thentral, T. M. T., Goňo, R., Goňo, M., & Narayanamoorthi, R. (2025) · IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics · doi:10.1109/ojpel.2025.3604475 · Cited by 19
Chuang, Y.-S., Cheng, H.-P., & Cheng, C. (2024) · World Electric Vehicle Journal · doi:10.3390/wevj15030105 · Cited by 19
Thomas, A., & Mishra, U. (2024) · Energy Reports · doi:10.1016/j.egyr.2024.03.054 · Cited by 19
Scenarios for end-of-life (EOL) electric vehicle batteries in China
Volan, T., Vaz, C. R., & Maldonado, M. U. (2021) · Revista de Gestão · doi:10.1108/rege-12-2020-0143 · Cited by 19
Lu, Y., Han, X., & Li, Z. (2021) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma14237153 · Cited by 20
Acid-Assisted Separation of Cathodic Material from Spent Electric Vehicle Batteries for Recycling
Zorin, A., Song, T., Gastol, D., & Kendrick, E. (2023) · Metals · doi:10.3390/met13071276 · Cited by 18
Lithium Ion Batteries: Characteristics, Recycling and Deep‐Sea Mining
Bokkassam, S. D., & Krishnan, J. N. (2024) · Battery energy · doi:10.1002/bte2.20240022 · Cited by 18
Repurposing electric vehicle batteries: State of art and challenges from repurposer perspective
Vignesh, S., Seng, H., Selvaraj, J. A.-L., Tey, K. S., Shareef, H., & Errouissi, R. (2025) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2025.115439 · Cited by 17
High-value utilization of recovered LiPF 6 from retired lithium-ion batteries
Wang, J., Cui, X., Song, L., Zhu, J., Wang, Y., Zong, F., Zhang, N., Zhao, D., & Li, S. (2023) · Green Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d3gc03997h · Cited by 17
Kostenko, G., & Zaporozhets, A. O. (2024) · System Research in Energy · doi:10.15407/srenergy2024.02.097 · Cited by 17
Potential for recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries in China
Qu, Z., Huang, W., Zhou, Z., Lei, X., & Han, D. (2022) · Energy Sources Part A Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects · doi:10.1080/15567036.2022.2115585 · Cited by 16
González, Y. C., Alcaraz, L., Alguacil, F. J., Barbosa, L., González, J., & López, F. A. (2022) · Batteries · doi:10.3390/batteries9010012 · Cited by 16
Amalia, D., Singh, P., Zhang, W., & Nikoloski, A. N. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su151713171 · Cited by 16
Kostenko, G. (2024) · System Research in Energy · doi:10.15407/srenergy2024.03.021 · Cited by 16
Circular Economy Approaches for Electrical and Conventional Vehicles
Kifor, C. V., & Grigore, N. A. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su15076140 · Cited by 19
Klusoňová, N., Sedláčková, E., Kočí, J., Pilnaj, D., Pánová, K., Uřičář, J., Procházka, V., Jílková, K., Pražanová, A., & Míka, M. (2024) · Journal of Power Sources · doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235795 · Cited by 14
Yükseltürk, A., Wewer, A., Bilge, P., & Dietrich, F. (2021) · Procedia CIRP · doi:10.1016/j.procir.2021.01.084 · Cited by 14
Liao, H., Zhang, Q., Shen, N., & Li, L. (2020) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121088 · Cited by 14
Circular Economy in Energizing Smart Cities
Musti, K. S. S. (2020) · Advances in business strategy and competitive advantage book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-5116-5.ch013 · Cited by 13
Kostenko, G. (2025) · System Research in Energy · doi:10.15407/srenergy2025.01.040 · Cited by 13
Hu, Z., Zhang, J., Yang, G., Xu, S. Y., Zhen, M., Guo, S., Lyu, H., Liu, X., & Shen, B. (2025) · Electrochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2025.146249 · Cited by 13
Na ion batteries: An India centric review
Singh, Y., Parmar, R., Mamta, Rani, S., Kumar, M., Maurya, K. K., & Singh, V. N. (2022) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10013 · Cited by 13
Room-Temperature Eutectic Synthesis for Upcycling of Cathode Materials
Hawley, W. B., Li, M., & Li, J. (2023) · Batteries · doi:10.3390/batteries9100498 · Cited by 13
Recovery of cobalt from spent lithium ion batteries utilizing surface modified graphene oxide
Iqbal, A., Jan, M. R., & Shah, J. (2022) · Hydrometallurgy · doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2022.105911 · Cited by 12
Aluminum-ion battery technology: a rising star or a devastating fall?
Levy, N. R., & Ein‐Eli, Y. (2020) · Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10008-020-04598-y · Cited by 12
Guo, S., Liu, G., Guo, X., & Wang, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Energy Research · doi:10.3389/fenrg.2022.984437 · Cited by 11
Transitioning to Affordable and Clean Energy
Constable, E. (2022) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-03897-777-3 · Cited by 11
From power to plants: unveiling the environmental footprint of lithium batteries
Gupta, D. K., Iyer, A., Mitra, A., Chatterjee, S., & Sevanan, M. (2024) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-024-33072-9 · Cited by 12
Energy storage for photovoltaic power plants: Economic analysis for different ion‐lithium batteries
Morais, R. C., Lopes, M. P. C., Bellido, M. M. H., Pereira, A. O., & Branco, D. A. C. (2022) · Energy Storage · doi:10.1002/est2.376 · Cited by 10
Domańska, U., Wiśniewska, A., Dąbrowski, Z., Kolasa, D., Wróbel, K., & Lach, J. (2024) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules29133142 · Cited by 9
Kim, H., Lee, H., Kwon, G., Kim, J., Jeong, D., Jung, H.-G., Bae, J.-S., Shin, D.-H., Cho, J., Kim, J. H., et al. (2024) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202409523 · Cited by 9
Certification for Solar Panel Reuse: A Systematic Review of Cross-Sector Practices and Gaps
Chhillar, I., Sandhu, S. K., Parida, S., & Majewski, P. J. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17135995 · Cited by 9
Battery waste management: Tackling environmental, health, and resource challenges from growing waste
Chowdhury, C., Biswas, A., Kibria, M. G., & Mourshed, M. (2026) · Chemical Engineering Journal Advances · doi:10.1016/j.ceja.2026.101033 · Cited by 11
Economic, Technical and Environmental Aspects of Recycling Lithium Batteries: A Literature Review
Filomeno, G., & Feraco, S. (2020) · Global Journal of Researches in Engineering · doi:10.34257/gjrebvol20is1pg1 · Cited by 9
Greil, R., Tomic, J., & Lux, S. (2025) · Separation Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/01496395.2025.2509121 · Cited by 8
Aging behavior of LiFePO4-based battery cells at stack level: A Second-Life cycling study
Aeppli, D., Hack, E. K., & Held, M. (2025) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2025.117135 · Cited by 9
Composition and recycling of smartphones: A mini-review on gaps and opportunities
Cenci, M. P., Eidelwein, E. M., & Veit, H. M. (2023) · Waste Management & Research The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy · doi:10.1177/0734242x231164324 · Cited by 8
Direct Recycling of Lithium-Ion Cathode: A Green Solution (Applied To Laptop Batteries)
Gazulla, M. F., Rodrigo, M., Ventura, M. J., Mallol, G., Gómez, M. P., & Gilabert, J. (2023) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1945-7111/acef5d · Cited by 7
Aliabadi, D. E., Thrän, D., Bezama, A., & Avşar, B. (2022) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-03897-777-3-10 · Cited by 7
Birrozzi, A., Bautista, S. P., Asenbauer, J., Eisenmann, T., Ashton, T. E., Groves, A. R., Starkey, C. L., Darr, J. A., Geiger, D., Kaiser, U. A., et al. (2022) · Advanced Materials Technologies · doi:10.1002/admt.202200353 · Cited by 8
Chigbu, B. I., & Umejesi, I. (2024) · Resources · doi:10.3390/resources13120163 · Cited by 6
Wang, J., Dong, H., Zhao, D., Cui, X., Song, L., Zhu, J., Wang, Y., Zong, F., Zhang, N., & Li, S. (2025) · Ionics · doi:10.1007/s11581-025-06355-5 · Cited by 6
Zhang, C., Zhu, H., Bi, H., Bai, Y., & Wang, L. (2024) · Energy Sources Part A Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects · doi:10.1080/15567036.2024.2322683 · Cited by 6
Recent advances in cathode materials for sustainability in lithium-ion batteries
Monika, Mishra, A. K., & Patial, B. S. (2024) · Sustainable Chemistry One World · doi:10.1016/j.scowo.2024.100042 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Pagliaro, M., & Meneguzzo, F.
- Affiliations
- Institute of Nanostructured Materials (IT)
- Istituto di Biometeorologia (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Pagliaro, Mario
- Venue
- Heliyon
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-06
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- e01866
- ISSN
- 2405-8440 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6582158
- OpenAlex
- W2951116083
- Cited by
- 321
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 49 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 70 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 3.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Heliyon (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Preprints.org (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Metals and Alloys › Extraction and Separation Processes
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Sustainable Supply Chain Management
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Battery Modeling and Management
- Keywords
- lithium-ion batteries, battery reuse, battery recycling, circular economy, battery electric vehicles, stationary energy storage, valuable component recovery
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
