Mindfulness interventions reduce blood pressure in patients with non-communicable diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Purpose Mindfulness based interventions (MBIs) are an emerging area of empirical study, not only in positive psychology, but also in clinical health care. This research aims to synthesize the evidence about whether MBIs reduce blood pressure (BP) in patients with non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Methods Relevant studies were identified via PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase and the CINAHL database between 2009 and 2019. The papers selected focused on mindfulness and the effect of these on the BP of patients with NCDs. The change in SBP and DBP were meta-analyzed, stratified by type of intervention (Breathing awareness meditation (BAM), Mindfulness Meditation (MM), and Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR). Results Fourteen articles met eligibility criteria and were included in the final review. Among the studies using the type and duration of intervention, systolic BP was reduced after the mindfulness-based stress reduction for 8 weeks (-6.90 mmHg [95% CI: -10.82, -2.97], p < .050), followed by the breathing awareness meditation for 12 weeks (-4.10 mmHg [95% CI: -7.54, -0.66], p < .050) and the mindfulness-based intervention for 8 weeks (-2.69 mmHg [95% CI: -3.90, -1.49], p < .050) whereas diastolic BP was reduced after the mindfulness-based stress reduction for 8 weeks (-2.45 mmHg [95% CI: -3.74, -1.17], p < .050) and the mindfulness-based intervention for 8 weeks (-2.24 mmHg [95% CI: -3.22, -1.26], p < .050). Conclusion MBIs can provide effective alternative therapies to assist in blood pressure reduction for patients with NCDs.
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Previous meta-analyses of mindfulness-based interventions included randomized controlled trials with predominantly normotensive participants, diverse mindfulness program durations, nonmindfulness meditation techniques, and non-randomized studies, and their results were heterogeneous and difficult to interpret.
“these meta-analyses included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with predominantly normotensive participants (ie, BP <130/80 mm Hg), included RCTs that investigated mindfulness programs of diverse duration (ie, ranging from a 1-day workshop to >10 weeks programs), included RCTs that used nonmindfulness meditation techniques and included non-RCTs; the majority of the results were, therefore,”
From Effect and Acceptability of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program on Patients With Elevated Blood Pressure or Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2020) · cites this paper as [23]
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredReduction in office BP by MBIs was also reported by other systematic reviews.
“Despite differences in the MBIs and populations included, reduction in office BP by MBIs was also reported by other systematic reviews. 18-23”
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Sukumar, S., Shettigar, D., Vaishali, K., Poovitha Shruthi, P., Nagri, S. K., Kadavigere, R., Amin, R., Srivastav, P., Bommasamudram, T., Dkhar, W., et al. (2026) · Advances in Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.aimed.2026.100664
Benefits of Yoga on Psychosocial Wellbeing in the Elderly
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“This has already been described in the literature in connection with the practice of relaxation therapy (30) and meditative practices (29).”
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“Similarly, mindfulness interventions produce BP improvements, supporting meta-analytic evidence that mindfulness and meditation contribute to hypertension control [39].”
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- Authors
- Intarakamhang, U., Macaskill, A., & Prasittichok, P.
- Affiliations
- Srinakharinwirot University (TH)
- Sheffield Hallam University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Intarakamhang, Ungsinun
- Venue
- Heliyon
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-04
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- e03834
- ISSN
- 2405-8440 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7191601
- OpenAlex
- W3023993340
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 0.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Heliyon (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- SHURA (Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive) (Sheffield Hallam University) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Newton Fund
- British Academy (AF170002/2017)
- Thailand Research Fund (DBG61/2561)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based interventions, blood pressure reduction, non-communicable diseases, mindfulness-based stress reduction, mindfulness meditation, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, complementary and alternative medicine
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