Nutrition, dietary recommendations, and supplements for patients with congenital heart disease
Open accessAbstract
Nutrition is the cornerstone of a healthy life and is crucial for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) are prone to nutrition disorders, including abnormalities in body composition such as overweight or obesity which, along with other classic cardiovascular risk factors, places our increasing and aging adult CHD (ACHD) population at a higher risk for acquired cardiovascular disease. These patients are also at risk of cachexia or sarcopenia as well as macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies derived from the development of heart failure as a complication of their underlying cardiac disease. In this paper, we review different dietary recommendations and supplementation with specific macronutrients and micronutrients. We also discuss some special scenarios in ACHD patients and the importance of the microbiota, a new therapeutical target as yet underexplored in this patient population.
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Some cardiovascular populations are disproportionately affected by nutritional abnormalities, such as patients with a Fontan circulation who frequently experience protein-losing enteropathy.
“Some cardiovascular populations are disproportionately affected by nutritional abnormalities such as patients with a Fontan circulation who frequently experience protein-losing enteropathy.6”
From Malnutrition and Cachexia in Inpatients With Acute Cardiac Conditions: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2026) · cites this paper as [6]
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- Authors
- Lorente, M., Azpiroz, M. J., Guedes, P., Burgos, R., Lluch, A., & Dos, L.
- Affiliations
- Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari (ES)
- Hospital Universitario de Canarias (ES)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ES)
- Venue
- International Journal of Cardiology Congenital Heart Disease
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2023-06
- Volume
- 12
- Pages
- 100449
- ISSN
- 2666-6685 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11657916
- OpenAlex
- W4327718593
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 0.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Cardiology Congenital Heart Disease (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Congenital Heart Disease Studies
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
- Keywords
- congenital heart disease, adult congenital heart disease, nutrition, dietary recommendations, dietary supplements, macronutrients, micronutrients, obesity, overweight, body composition, cachexia, sarcopenia, heart failure, cardiovascular risk, gut microbiota
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