Microbial modulation of cardiovascular disease

Brown, J. Mark; Hazen, Stanley L.

doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2017.149

Cited by 440Gut microbiota and healthNutritional Studies and DietOral microbiology and periodontitis research

Microbial modulation of cardiovascular disease

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Brown, J. Mark, Hazen, Stanley L.·2018·Nature Reviews Microbiology

DOI 10.1038/nrmicro.2017.149PMC PMC5885760

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Abstract

Although diet has long been known to contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD), research over the past decade has revealed an unexpected interplay between nutrient intake, gut microbial metabolism and the host to modify the risk of developing CVD. Microbial-associated molecular patterns are sensed by host pattern recognition receptors and have been suggested to drive CVD pathogenesis. In addition, the host microbiota produces various metabolites, such as trimethylamine-N-oxide, short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids, that affect CVD pathogenesis. These recent advances support the notion that targeting the interactions between the host and microorganisms may hold promise for the prevention or treatment of CVD. In this Review, we summarize our current knowledge of the gut microbial mechanisms that drive CVD, with special emphasis on therapeutic interventions, and we highlight the need to establish causal links between microbial pathways and CVD pathogenesis.

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Meat, particularly red meat, has high content of choline and carnitine, which are precursors to gut microbiota-mediated formation of trimethylamine and trimethylamine N-oxide.
“Meat, particularly red meat, has high content of choline and carnitine, which are precursors to gut microbiota-mediated formation of TMA and TMAO.141”
From Influence of the Gut Microbiome, Diet, and Environment on Risk of Colorectal Cancer (2020) · cites this paper as [141]
Decreasing systemic TMAO levels is a rational potential therapeutic strategy for decreasing risks for development and progression of atherosclerotic heart disease.
“Thus, decreasing systemic levels of TMAO has become a rational potential therapeutic strategy for decreasing risks for the development and progression of atherosclerotic heart disease.8,[13][14][15]”
From Impact of chronic dietary red meat, white meat, or non-meat protein on trimethylamine N-oxide metabolism and renal excretion in healthy men and women (2019) · cites this paper as [14]
The metaorganismal TMAO pathway is a potential candidate to explain the association between red meat ingestion and heightened CVD risks.
“One potential candidate for this is the metaorganismal TMAO pathway.1,14,15”
From Impact of chronic dietary red meat, white meat, or non-meat protein on trimethylamine N-oxide metabolism and renal excretion in healthy men and women (2019) · cites this paper as [14]

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Authors: Brown, J. M., & Hazen, S. L.
Affiliations: Cleveland Clinic (US)
Corresponding author: Brown, J. Mark
Hazen, Stanley L.
ORCID: Brown, J. Mark
Hazen, Stanley L.
Venue: Nature Reviews Microbiology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2018-01-08
Volume: 16
Issue: 3
Pages: 171-181
ISSN: 1740-1526 (ISSN-L)
1740-1534
DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro.2017.149
PMC: PMC5885760
OpenAlex: W2782226838
Cited by: 440
References: 161
Citations by year: 2026: 34 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 58 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 47 · 2018: 22
FWCI: 4.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
europepmc.org
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature Reviews Microbiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (P50AA024333)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL126827, P01HL076491, R01HL103866, R01HL122283)
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK106000)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
Keywords: cardiovascular disease, gut microbiota, host-microbe interactions, microbial metabolites, trimethylamine N-oxide, short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids, pattern recognition receptors, microbe-associated molecular patterns, diet, therapeutic interventions, cardiovascular disease prevention
MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Bacteria, Cardiovascular Diseases, Diet, Humans, Metabolome

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