Cited by 91Fermentation and Sensory AnalysisProbiotics and Fermented FoodsMicrobial metabolism and enzyme function

Deciphering the succession patterns of bacterial community and their correlations with environmental factors and flavor compounds during the fermentation of Zhejiang rosy vinegar

Fang, Guan-Yu, Chai, Li-Juan, Zhong, Xiao-Zhong, Jiang, Yu-Jian·2021·International Journal of Food Microbiology

Abstract

Zhejiang Rosy Vinegar (ZRV) is a traditional condiment in Southeast China, produced using semi-solid-state fermentation techniques under an open environment, yet little is known about the functional microbiota involved in the flavor formation of ZRV. In this study, 43 kinds of volatile flavor substances were identified by HS-SPME/GC-MS, mainly including ethyl acetate (relative content at the end of fermentation: 1104.1 mg/L), phenylethyl alcohol (417.6 mg/L) and acetoin (605.2 mg/L). The most abundant organic acid was acetic acid (59.6 g/L), which kept rising during the fermentation, followed by lactic acid (7.0 g/L), which showed a continuously downward trend. Amplicon sequencing analysis revealed that the richness and diversity of bacterial community were the highest at the beginning and then maintained decreasing during the fermentation. The predominant bacteria were scattered in Acetobacter (average relative abundance: 63.7%) and Lactobacillus (19.8%). Both sequencing and culture-dependent analysis showed Lactobacillus dominated the early stage (day 10 to 30), and Acetobacter kept highly abundant from day 40 to the end. Spearman correlation analysis displayed that the potential major groups involved in the formation of flavor compounds were Acetobacter and Lactobacillus, which were also showed strong relationships with other bacteria through co-occurrence network analysis (edges attached to Acetobacter: 61.7%; Lactobacillus: 14.0%). Moreover, structural equation model showed that the contents of ethanol, titratable acid and reducing sugar were the major environmental factors playing essential roles in influencing the succession of bacterial community and their metabolism during the fermentation. Overall, these findings illuminated the dynamic profiles of bacterial community and flavor compounds and the potential functional microbes, which were expected to help us understand the formation of flavor substances in ZRV.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109070

Cites

64 of 64 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Fang, G.-Y., Chai, L.-J., Zhong, X.-Z., & Jiang, Y.-J.
Affiliations
Jiangnan University (CN)
Venue
International Journal of Food Microbiology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-03
Volume
341
Pages
109070
ISSN
0168-1605 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3126020714
Cited by
91
References
64
Citations by year
2026: 13 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 7
FWCI
8.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • International Journal of Food Microbiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Basic Public Welfare Research Program of Zhejiang Province
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial metabolism and enzyme function
Keywords
vinegar fermentation, bacterial community succession, Acetobacter, Lactobacillus, volatile flavor compounds, ethyl acetate, 2-phenylethanol, acetoin, acetic acid, lactic acid, ethanol, titratable acidity, reducing sugars, co-occurrence networks, semi-solid-state fermentation
MeSH terms
Acetates, Acetobacter, Acetoin, China, Condiments, Fermentation, Flavoring Agents, Lactobacillus, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Phenylethyl Alcohol, Taste, Acetic Acid, Microbiota

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review