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A meta-analysis of risk of pregnancy loss and caffeine and coffee consumption during pregnancy
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Previous reports of the relationship between pregnancy loss and caffeine/coffee consumption have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between pregnancy loss and caffeine and coffee consumption. SEARCH STRATEGY: PubMed was searched for reports published before September 2014, with the keywords "caffeine," "coffee," "beverage," "miscarriage," "spontaneous abortion," and "fetal loss." SELECTION CRITERIA: Case-control and cohort studies were included when they had been reported in English, the exposure of interest was caffeine/coffee consumption during pregnancy, the outcome of interest was spontaneous abortion or fetal death, and multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) or risk ratios were provided or could be calculated. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted and combined ORs calculated. MAIN RESULTS: Overall, 26 studies were included (20 of caffeine and eight of coffee). After adjustment for heterogeneity, caffeine consumption was associated with an increased risk of pregnancy loss (OR 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24-1.40), as was coffee consumption (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.02-1.21). A dose-response analysis suggested that risk of pregnancy loss rose by 19% for every increase in caffeine intake of 150 mg/day and by 8% for every increase in coffee intake of two cups per day. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of caffeine and coffee during pregnancy seems to increase the risk of pregnancy loss.
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“Similar findings were reported by Li et al. (127), who found in a separate meta-analysis of 26 studies that the risk of pregnancy loss increased by 19% for every additional 150 mg of caffeine consumed per day and by 8% for every additional 2 cups of coffee (about 200 mg) per day (127).”
From The Safety of Ingested Caffeine: A Comprehensive Review (2017) · cites this paper as [127]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Li, J., Zhao, H., Song, J., Zhang, J., Tang, Y., & Xin, C.
- Affiliations
- Anhui Medical University (CN)
- Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CN)
- Kunming Medical University (CN)
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Xin, Chang‐Mao
- Venue
- International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-05-14
- Volume
- 130
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 116-122
- ISSN
- 0020-6695 (ISSN-L)
- 0020-7292
- 1879-3479
- OpenAlex
- W1632849677
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 1.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Pregnancy and Medication Impact
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Keywords
- caffeine consumption, coffee consumption, miscarriage, fetal death, dose-response relationship, maternal diet during pregnancy
- MeSH terms
- Abortion, Spontaneous, Caffeine, Coffee, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Risk
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