Cited by 77Spacecraft and Cryogenic TechnologiesHydrogen Storage and MaterialsQuantum, superfluid, helium dynamics

Para-H2 to ortho-H2 conversion in a full-scale automotive cryogenic pressurized hydrogen storage up to 345 bar

Petitpas, Guillaume, Aceves, Salvador M., Matthews, Manyalibo J., Smith, James R.·2014·International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.01.205

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25 of 25 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The o- to p-H2 conversion usually takes time since the perturbations involving the nuclear spins are small in magnitude and a non-equilibrium mixture may occur.

    “This reaction, known as ortho to para conversion, usually takes time since the perturbations involving the nuclear spins are small in magnitude [47] and a non-equilibrium mixture may occur [48].”
  • Because of its larger thermal diffusivity, the gas phase above the stored liquid hydrogen will generally be warmer than the liquid leading to the reverse, endothermic conversion of para-to ortho-hydrogen.

    “However, because of its larger thermal diffusivity, the gas phase above the stored liquid hydrogen will generally be warmer than the liquid leading to the reverse, endothermic conversion of para-to ortho-hydrogen [67].”

    From Modelling of Liquid Hydrogen Boil-Off (2022) · cites this paper as [67]

  • Several proposals based on exploiting the endothermic para-ortho conversion for cooling purposes and/or to reduce boil-off have been considered; these efforts would be facilitated by a BOG model able to account for a vapor that is not at compositional or thermal equilibrium with the liquid.

    “Several proposals based on exploiting the endothermic para-ortho conversion for cooling purposes and/or to reduce boil-off [67][68][69][70] have been considered; these efforts would be facilitated by a BOG model able to account for a vapor that is not at compositional or thermal equilibrium with the liquid.”

    From Modelling of Liquid Hydrogen Boil-Off (2022) · cites this paper as [67]

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Authors
Petitpas, G., Aceves, S. M., Matthews, M. J., & Smith, J. R.
Affiliations
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (US)
Corresponding author
Petitpas, Guillaume
Venue
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-04
Volume
39
Issue
12
Pages
6533-6547
ISSN
0360-3199 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2061419662
Cited by
77
References
25
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4
FWCI
4.92
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • DOE
  • Office of Fuel Cell Technologies
  • Ned Stetson and Erika Sutherland
  • Technology Development Managers
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Hydrogen Storage and Materials
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum, superfluid, helium dynamics
Keywords
cryogenic hydrogen storage, cryo-compressed hydrogen, automotive hydrogen storage, boil-off, rotational Raman scattering, hydrogen density, hydrogen vehicles, high-pressure hydrogen

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