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Cited by 76Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychosomatic Disorders and Their TreatmentsCardiac Health and Mental Health

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Physiological markers for anxiety: Panic disorder and phobias

Roth, Walton T.·2005·International Journal of Psychophysiology
DOI 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.01.015
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Abstract

Physiological activation is a cardinal symptom of anxiety, although physiological measurement is still not used for psychiatric diagnosis. An ambulatory study of phobics who were afraid of highway driving showed a concordance between self-reported anxiety during driving, autonomic activation, hypocapnia, and sighing respiration. Patients with panic attacks do not exhibit autonomic activation when they are quietly sitting and not having panic attacks, but do have the same respiratory abnormalities as driving phobics, suggesting that these abnormalities could be a marker for panic disorder. Such abnormalities are compatible with both the false suffocation alarm (D. Klein) and hyperventilation (R. Ley) theories of panic. Hypocapnia, however, is often absent during full-blown panic attacks. Since activation functions as preparation for physical activity, it may not occur when a patient has learned that avoidance of fear by flight or fight is futile. We developed a capnometry feedback assisted breathing training therapy for panic disorder designed to reduce hyperventilation and making breathing regular. Without feedback, conventional therapeutic breathing instructions may actually increase hyperventilation by increasing dyspnea. Five weekly therapy sessions accompanied by daily home practice with a capnometer produced marked clinical improvement compared to changes in an untreated group. Improvement was sustained over a 12-month follow-up period. The therapist avoided any statemen…

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Research works printed but not linked: 43

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Metadata

Authors
Roth, W. T.
Affiliations
United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
Corresponding author
Roth, Walton T.
Venue
International Journal of Psychophysiology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2005-11
Volume
58
Issue
2-3
Pages
190-198
ISSN
0167-8760 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.01.015
OpenAlex
W2042023227
Cited by
76
References
13
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
FWCI
0.71
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • International Journal of Psychophysiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH056094)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
Keywords
panic disorder, phobia, autonomic activation, hypocapnia, hyperventilation, respiratory abnormalities, breathing exercises, fear network
MeSH terms
Anxiety, Automobile Driving, Humans, Hypercapnia, Hyperventilation, Phobic Disorders, Respiratory Mechanics, Panic Disorder

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