Cited by 251IL-33, ST2, and ILC PathwaysAsthma and respiratory diseasesStudies on Chitinases and Chitosanases

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Chitin Activates Parallel Immune Modules that Direct Distinct Inflammatory Responses via Innate Lymphoid Type 2 and γδ T Cells

Open access

Van Dyken, Steven J., Mohapatra, Alexander, Nussbaum, Jesse C., Molofsky, Ari B., Thornton, Emily E., Ziegler, Steven F., McKenzie, Andrew N.J., Krummel, Matthew F., Liang, Hong-Erh, Locksley, Richard M.·2014·Immunity

DOI 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.02.003PMC PMC4019510

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Chitin, a polysaccharide constituent of many allergens and parasites, initiates innate type 2 lung inflammation through incompletely defined pathways. We show that inhaled chitin induced expression of three epithelial cytokines, interleukin-25 (IL-25), IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), which nonredundantly activated resident innate lymphoid type 2 cells (ILC2s) to express IL-5 and IL-13 necessary for accumulation of eosinophils and alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs). In the absence of all three epithelial cytokines, ILC2s normally populated the lung but failed to increase IL-5 and IL-13. Although eosinophils and AAMs were attenuated, neutrophil influx remained normal without these epithelial cytokines. Genetic ablation of ILC2s, however, enhanced IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-23 expression, increased activation of IL-17A-producing γδ T cells, and prolonged neutrophil influx. Thus, chitin elicited patterns of innate cytokines that targeted distinct populations of resident lymphoid cells, revealing divergent but interacting pathways underlying the tissue accumulation of specific types of inflammatory myeloid cells.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.02.003

Cites

53 of 53 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

IL-33, an Interleukin-1-like Cytokine that Signals via the IL-1 Receptor-Related Protein ST2 and Induces T Helper Type 2-Associated Cytokines
Schmitz, J., Owyang, A. M., Oldham, E. R., Song, Y., Murphy, E., McClanahan, T. K., Zurawski, G., Moshrefi, M., Qin, J., Li, X., et al. (2005) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2005.09.015 · Cited by 3,773
Nuocytes represent a new innate effector leukocyte that mediates type-2 immunity
Neill, D. R., Wong, S. H., Bellosi, A., Flynn, R. J., Daly, M. G., Langford, T. K. A., Bucks, C. M., Kane, C. M., Fallon, P. G., Pannell, R., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08900 · Cited by 2,079
Self-citation
The eosinophil
Rothenberg, M. E., & Hogan, S. P. (2006) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.24.021605.090720 · Cited by 1,356
Innate lymphoid cells promote lung-tissue homeostasis after infection with influenza virus
Monticelli, L. A., Sonnenberg, G. F., Abt, M. C., Alenghat, T., Ziegler, C. G. K., Doering, T. A., Angelosanto, J., Laidlaw, B. J., Yang, C. Y., Sathaliyawala, T., et al. (2011) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2131 · Cited by 1,327
Innate lymphoid cells promote lung-tissue homeostasis after infection with influenza virus
Monticelli (2011) · PubMed · doi:10.1031/ni.2131 · Cited by 1,286
IL-25 Induces IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 and Th2-Associated Pathologies In Vivo
Fort, M. M., Cheung, J., Yen, D., Li, J., Zurawski, S. M., Lo, S., Menon, S., Clifford, T., Hunte, B., Lesley, R., et al. (2001) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(01)00243-6 · Cited by 1,203
Systemically dispersed innate IL-13–expressing cells in type 2 immunity
Price, A. E., Liang, H.-E., Sullivan, B. M., Reinhardt, R. L., Eisley, C. J., Erle, D. J., & Locksley, R. M. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1003988107 · Cited by 1,134
Self-citation
Type 2 innate lymphoid cells control eosinophil homeostasis
Nussbaum, J. C., Dyken, S. J. V., von Moltke, J., Cheng, L. E., Mohapatra, A., Molofsky, A. B., Thornton, E. E., Krummel, M. F., Chawla, A., Liang, H.-E., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12526 · Cited by 1,069
Self-citation
A mechanism for the initiation of allergen-induced T helper type 2 responses
Sokol, C. L., Barton, G. M., Farr, A. G., & Medzhitov, R. M. (2007) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1558 · Cited by 977
Innate lymphoid type 2 cells sustain visceral adipose tissue eosinophils and alternatively activated macrophages
Molofsky, A. B., Nussbaum, J. C., Liang, H.-E., Dyken, S. J. V., Cheng, L. E., Mohapatra, A., Chawla, A., & Locksley, R. M. (2013) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20121964 · Cited by 867
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 53 references

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 251

Interplay of Cytokines and Chemokines in Aspergillosis
Shankar, J., Thakur, R., Clemons, K. V., & Stevens, D. A. (2024) · Journal of Fungi · doi:10.3390/jof10040251 · Cited by 54
Macrophages regulate lung ILC2 activation via Pla2g5-dependent mechanisms
Yamaguchi, M., Samuchiwal, S. K., Quehenberger, O., Boyce, J. A., & Balestrieri, B. (2017) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/mi.2017.99 · Cited by 51
Exopolysaccharide and biopolymer-derived films as tools for transdermal drug delivery
Laubach, J. M., Joseph, M., Brenza, T. M., Gadhamshetty, V. R., & Sani, R. K. (2020) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.027 · Cited by 51
Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Human Respiratory Disorders
van der Ploeg, E. K., Mascaro, A. C., Huylebroeck, D., Hendriks, R. W., & Stadhouders, R. (2019) · Journal of Innate Immunity · doi:10.1159/000496212 · Cited by 49
Chitin-Induced Airway Epithelial Cell Innate Immune Responses Are Inhibited by Carvacrol/Thymol
Khosravi, A., & Erle, D. J. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0159459 · Cited by 48
The onset, development and pathogenesis of severe neutrophilic asthma
Zhang, X., Xu, Z., Wen, X., Huang, G., Nian, S., Li, L., Guo, X., Ye, Y., & Yuan, Q. (2022) · Immunology and Cell Biology · doi:10.1111/imcb.12522 · Cited by 47
Lung epithelium: barrier immunity to inhaled fungi and driver of fungal-associated allergic asthma
Wiesner, D. L., & Klein, B. S. (2017) · Current Opinion in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.mib.2017.10.007 · Cited by 47
C3a is required for ILC2 function in allergic airway inflammation
Gour, N., Smole, U., Yong, H. M., Lewkowich, I. P., Yao, N., Singh, A., Gabrielson, E. W., Wills-Karp, M. A., & Lajoie, S. (2018) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41385-018-0064-x · Cited by 45
The E3 ligase VHL controls alveolar macrophage function via metabolic–epigenetic regulation
Zhang, W., Li, Q., Li, D., Li, J., Aki, D., & Liu, Y. (2018) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20181211 · Cited by 44
Airway mycosis in allergic airway disease
Li, E., Knight, J. M., Wu, Y., Luong, A., Rodríguez, A., Kheradmand, F., & Corry, D. B. (2019) · Advances in immunology · doi:10.1016/bs.ai.2019.05.002 · Cited by 45
Phagocytosis-mediated M1 activation by chitin but not by chitosan
Davis, S., Cirone, A. M., Menzie, J., Russell, F. A., Dorey, C. K., Shibata, Y., Wei, J., & Nan, C. (2018) · American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00268.2017 · Cited by 44
Characterization of Innate Immune Responses to House Dust Mite Allergens: Pitfalls and Limitations
Jacquet, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Allergy · doi:10.3389/falgy.2021.662378 · Cited by 44
Interleukin-7 Receptor Alpha in Innate Lymphoid Cells: More Than a Marker
Sheikh, A., & Abraham, N. B. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02897 · Cited by 42
ILC2s and fungal allergy
Kita, H. (2015) · Allergology International · doi:10.1016/j.alit.2015.04.004 · Cited by 42
Revisiting the controversy: The role of fungi in chronic rhinosinusitis
Tyler, M. A., Lam, K. K., Marino, M. J., Yao, W. C., Schmale, I. L., Citardi, M. J., & Luong, A. (2021) · International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology · doi:10.1002/alr.22826 · Cited by 45
Oral immunotherapy for food allergy
Hussey, D. M., Manohar, M., Andorf, S., Hobson, B. D., Zhang, W., & Nadeau, K. C. (2017) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2017.08.008 · Cited by 40
ICOS promotes group 2 innate lymphoid cell activation in lungs
Kamachi, F., Isshiki, T., Harada, N., Akiba, H., & Miyake, S. (2015) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.005 · Cited by 40
Different Lymphocyte Populations Direct Dichotomous Eosinophil or Neutrophil Responses to Pulmonary Cryptococcus Infection
Wiesner, D. L., Smith, K. D., Kashem, S. W., Bohjanen, P. R., & Nielsen, K. (2017) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1600821 · Cited by 38
Are ILC 2s Jekyll and Hyde in airway inflammation?
Ealey, K. N., Moro, K., & Koyasu, S. (2017) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12547 · Cited by 39
Group 2 innate lymphocytes at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity
Schuijs, M. J., & Halim, T. Y. F. (2018) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.13604 · Cited by 40
Early Events Triggering the Initiation of a Type 2 Immune Response
El-Naccache, D. W., Haskó, G., & Gause, W. C. (2020) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2020.11.006 · Cited by 38
Interleukin‐33 contributes to ILC 2 activation and early inflammation‐associated lung injury during abdominal sepsis
Xu, H., Xu, J., Xu, L., Jin, S., Turnquist, H. R., Hoffman, R. A., Loughran, P., Billiar, T. R., & Deng, M. (2018) · Immunology and Cell Biology · doi:10.1111/imcb.12159 · Cited by 37
Innate lymphoid cells in organ fibrosis
Mikami, Y., Takada, Y., Hagihara, Y., & Kanai∥, T. (2018) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.07.002 · Cited by 39
BLT 1 signaling in epithelial cells mediates allergic sensitization via promotion of IL ‐33 production
Xiong, Y., Cui, X., Li, W., Lv, J., Du, L., Mi, W., Li, H., Chen, Z., Leng, Q., Zhou, H., et al. (2018) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/all.13656 · Cited by 37
Strong, Multifaceted Guanidinium-Based Adhesion of Bioorganic Nanoparticles to Wet Biological Tissue
Hào, L. T., Park, S., Choy, S., Kim, Y., Lee, S., Ok, Y. S., Koo, J. M., Hwang, S. Y., Hwang, D. S., Park, J., et al. (2021) · JACS Au · doi:10.1021/jacsau.1c00193 · Cited by 37
Interferon‐γ constrains cytokine production of group 2 innate lymphoid cells
Kudo, F., Ikutani, M., Seki, Y., Otsubo, T., Kawamura, Y. I., Dohi, T., Oshima, K., Hattori, M., Nakae, S., Takatsu, K., et al. (2015) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/imm.12537 · Cited by 36
Perivascular stromal cells: Directors of tissue immune niches
Sbierski‐Kind, J., Mroz, N. M., & Molofsky, A. B. (2021) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12984 · Cited by 35
Self-citation
Co-recognition of β-glucan and chitin and programming of adaptive immunity to Aspergillus fumigatus
Amarsaikhan, N., & Templeton, S. P. (2015) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00344 · Cited by 36
Chitin promotes antigen-specific Th2 cell-mediated murine asthma through induction of IL-33-mediated IL-1β production by DCs
Arae, K., Morita, H., Unno, H., Motomura, K., Toyama, S., Okada, N., Ohno, T., Tamari, M., Orimo, K., Mishima, Y., et al. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-30259-2 · Cited by 34
The effect of chitin nanoparticles on surface behavior of DPPC/DPPG Langmuir monolayers
Wang, R., Guo, Y., Liu, H., Chen, Y., Shang, Y., & Liu, H. (2018) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2018.02.021 · Cited by 33
Transcription Factors Controlling Innate Lymphoid Cell Fate Decisions
Klose, C. S. N., & Diefenbach, A. (2014) · Current topics in microbiology and immunology · doi:10.1007/82_2014_381 · Cited by 32
Isolate-Dependent Growth, Virulence, and Cell Wall Composition in the Human Pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus
Amarsaikhan, N., O’Dea, E. M., Tsoggerel, A., Owegi, H. O., Gillenwater, J. A., & Templeton, S. P. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100430 · Cited by 32
Orchestration of epithelial-derived cytokines and innate immune cells in allergic airway inflammation
Castillo, E. F., Zheng, H., & Yang, X. O. (2017) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.11.004 · Cited by 32
The Fate of Activated Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells
Mathä, L., Martínez-González, I., Steer, C. A., & Takei, F. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.671966 · Cited by 33
Parasites and fungi as a threat for prenatal and postnatal human development.
Błaszkowska, J., & Góralska, K. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 31
Modulation of the fungal mycobiome is regulated by the chitin-binding receptor FIBCD1
Moeller, J. B., Leonardi, I., Schlosser, A. G., Flamar, A.-L., Bessman, N. J., Putzel, G., Thomsen, T., Hammond, M. A., Jepsen, C. E. S., Skjødt, K., et al. (2019) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20182244 · Cited by 31
ILC2s—Trailblazers in the Host Response Against Intestinal Helminths
Bouchery, T., Gros, G. S. L., & Harris, N. L. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00623 · Cited by 34
In situ hematopoiesis: a regulator of TH2 cytokine-mediated immunity and inflammation at mucosal surfaces
Hui, C. C. K., McNagny, K. M., Denburg, J. A., & Siracusa, M. C. (2015) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/mi.2015.17 · Cited by 29
Complexity of cytokine network regulation of innate lymphoid cells in protective immunity
Seillet, C., Belz, G. T., & Mielke, L. A. (2014) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2014.06.002 · Cited by 29
Aspergillus fumigatus induction of IL‐33 expression in chronic rhinosinusitis is PAR2‐dependent
Dietz, C. J. P., Sun, H., Yao, W. C., Citardi, M. J., Corry, D. B., & Luong, A. (2019) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.28000 · Cited by 29
Initiation and Pathogenesis of Severe Asthma with Fungal Sensitization
Tiwary, M., & Samarasinghe, A. E. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10040913 · Cited by 30
T1 ‐ T2 Interplay in the Complex Immune Landscape of Severe Asthma
Gauthier, M., Kale, S. L., & Ray, A. (2025) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.70011 · Cited by 29
The role of innate immunity in asthma development and protection: Lessons from the environment
Pivniouk, V. I., Gimenes-Júnior, J. A., Honeker, L. K., & Vercelli, D. (2019) · Clinical & Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/cea.13508 · Cited by 24
Beneficial Health Effects of Chitin and Chitosan
Dong, L., Wichers, H. J., & Govers, C. (2019) · doi:10.1002/9781119450467.ch6 · Cited by 24
Maximizing the Utility of Transcriptomics Data in Inflammatory Skin Diseases
Wu, J., Fang, Z., Liu, T., Hu, W., Wu, Y., & Li, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.761890 · Cited by 24
γδ T Cells and Allergic Diseases
Hsu, U.-H., & Chiang, B. (2023) · Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology · doi:10.1007/s12016-023-08966-0 · Cited by 22
How underappreciated autoinflammatory (innate immunity) mechanisms dominate disparate autoimmune disorders
Abacar, K., Macleod, T., Direskeneli, H., & McGonagle, D. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1439371 · Cited by 24
ILC2 Diversity, Location, and Function in Pulmonary Disease
Verma, M., Can, U. I., & Reinhardt, R. L. (2025) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.70036 · Cited by 22
Mgl2+ cDC2s coordinate fungal allergic airway type 2, but not type 17, inflammation in mice
Cook, P. C., Brown, S. L., Houlder, E. L., Furlong-Silva, J., Conn, D. P., Colombo, S. A. P., Baker, S. M., Svedberg, F. R., Howell, G. J., Bertuzzi, M., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-55663-3 · Cited by 24
Investigating the epithelial barrier and immune signatures in the pathogenesis of equine insect bite hypersensitivity
Cvitaš, I., Oberhänsli, S., Leeb, T., Dettwiler, M., Müller, E. J., Bruggmann, R., & Marti, E. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0232189 · Cited by 23
Epithelial Cell Regulation of Allergic Diseases
Gour, N., & Lajoie, S. (2016) · Current Allergy and Asthma Reports · doi:10.1007/s11882-016-0640-7 · Cited by 24
ILC2s in infectious diseases and organ-specific fibrosis
Kindermann, M., Knipfer, L., Atreya, I., & Wirtz, S. J. (2018) · Seminars in Immunopathology · doi:10.1007/s00281-018-0677-x · Cited by 24
The messenger between worlds: the regulation of innate and adaptive type‐2 immunity by innate lymphoid cells
Scanlon, S., & McKenzie, A. (2015) · Clinical and Experimental Allergy · doi:10.1111/cea.12464 · Cited by 23
Self-citation
Caspofungin Increases Fungal Chitin and Eosinophil and γδ T Cell–Dependent Pathology in Invasive Aspergillosis
Amarsaikhan, N., Sands, E. M., Shah, A., Abdolrasouli, A., Reed, A. K., Slaven, J. E., Armstrong-James, D. P. H., & Templeton, S. P. (2017) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1700078 · Cited by 20
All along the watchtower: group 2 innate lymphoid cells in allergic responses
Dahlgren, M. W., & Molofsky, A. B. (2018) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2018.05.008 · Cited by 20
Self-citation
The HDM allergen orchestra and its cysteine protease maestro: Stimulators of kaleidoscopic innate immune responses
Jacquet, A. (2023) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2023.03.002 · Cited by 19
Novel mechanistic insights underlying fungal allergic inflammation
Zheng, Y., & Dang, E. V. (2023) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1011623 · Cited by 18
Interleukin-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, but not interleukin-25, are crucial for development of airway eosinophilia induced by chitin
Arae, K., Ikutani, M., Horiguchi, K., Yamaguchi, S., Okada, Y., Sugiyama, H., Orimo, K., Morita, H., Suto, H., Okumura, K., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-85277-4 · Cited by 19
Physiological and pathophysiological roles of acidic mammalian chitinase (CHIA) in multiple organs
Hu, C., Ma, Z., Zhu, J., Yi, F., Tuo, B., Li, T., & Liu, X. (2021) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111465 · Cited by 18
Chitin, a key factor in immune regulation: lesson from infection with fungi and chitin bearing parasites
Brodaczewska, K. K., Donskow‐Łysoniewska, K., & Doligalska, M. (2015) · Acta Parasitologica · doi:10.1515/ap-2015-0047 · Cited by 18
ParadYm shift: Ym1 and Ym2 as innate immunological regulators of IL-17
Muallem, G., & Hunter, C. A. (2014) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.3032 · Cited by 18
ILC2s in High Definition: Decoding the Logic of Tissue-Based Immunity
Kim, D.-H., & Dyken, S. J. V. (2019) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2019.11.003 · Cited by 16
Human Ascariasis Increases the Allergic Response and Allergic Symptoms
Caraballo, L. R., Acevedo, N., & Buendía, E. (2015) · Current Tropical Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40475-015-0058-7 · Cited by 17
Maternal γδ T cells shape offspring pulmonary type 2 immunity in a microbiota-dependent manner
Papotto, P. H., Yılmaz, B., Pimenta, G. F., Mensurado, S., Cunha, C., Fiala, G. J., da Costa, D. G., Gonçalves‐Sousa, N., Chan, B. H. K., Blankenhaus, B., et al. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112074 · Cited by 15
CD8+ T cell/IL-33/ILC2 axis exacerbates the liver injury in Con A-induced hepatitis in T cell-transferred Rag2-deficient mice
Zhang, Y., Qi, C., Li, L., Hua, S., Zheng, F., Gong, F., & Fang, M. (2018) · Inflammation Research · doi:10.1007/s00011-018-1197-9 · Cited by 16
An ILC2-chitinase circuit restores lung homeostasis after epithelial injury
Jung, H., Kim, D.-H., Díaz, R. E., White, J. M., Rucknagel, S., Mosby, L., Wang, Y., Reddy, S., Winkler, E. S., Hassan, A. O., et al. (2024) · Science Immunology · doi:10.1126/sciimmunol.adl2986 · Cited by 15
Self-citation
Initiation of type 2 immunity at barrier surfaces
McDaniel, M. M., Lara, H. I., & von Moltke, J. (2023) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.mucimm.2022.11.002 · Cited by 15
Chitinases and chitinase-like proteins in asthma
Declercq, J., Hammad, H., Lambrecht, B. N., & Smole, U. (2023) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2023.101759 · Cited by 14
Immune Responses of Mammals and Plants to Chitin-Containing Pathogens
Jiang, X., Bao, H., Merzendorfer, H., & Yang, Q. K. (2019) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-7318-3_4 · Cited by 15
The Pathogenesis of Fungal-Related Diseases and Allergies in the African Population: The State of the Evidence and Knowledge Gaps
Pfavayi, L. T., Sibanda, E., & Mutapi, F. (2020) · International Archives of Allergy and Immunology · doi:10.1159/000506009 · Cited by 16
Identification of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Mouse Lung, Liver, Small Intestine, Bone Marrow, and Mediastinal and Mesenteric Lymph Nodes
Romera‐Hernández, M., Mathä, L., Steer, C. A., Ghaedi, M., & Takei, F. (2019) · Current Protocols in Immunology · doi:10.1002/cpim.73 · Cited by 15
Host type 2 immune response to xenogeneic serum components impairs biomaterial-directed osteo-regenerative therapies
Martin, K. E., Kalelkar, P. P., Coronel, M. M., Theriault, H. S., Schneider, R. S., & Garcı́a, A. J. (2022) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121601 · Cited by 14
Asthma alleviates obesity in males through regulating metabolism and energy expenditure
Song, X., Li, B., Wang, H., Zou, X., Gao, R., Zhang, W., Shu, T., Zhao, H., Liu, B., & Wang, J. (2018) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.10.001 · Cited by 14
Critical role of IL-33, but not IL-25 or TSLP, in silica crystal-mediated exacerbation of allergic airway eosinophilia
Unno, H., Arae, K., Matsuda, A., Ikutani, M., Tamari, M., Motomura, K., Toyama, S., Suto, H., Okumura, K., Matsuda, A., et al. (2020) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.046 · Cited by 14
Immunological Mechanism and Clinical Application of PAMP Adjuvants
Yan, Y., Yao, D., & Li, X. (2021) · Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery · doi:10.2174/1574892816666210201114712 · Cited by 15
Schizophyllum commune induces IL-17-mediated neutrophilic airway inflammation in OVA-induced asthma model mice
Hanashiro, J., Muraosa, Y., Toyotome, T., Hirose, K., Watanabe, A., & Kamei, K. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-55836-x · Cited by 15
Type 2 innate immunity promotes the development of pulmonary fibrosis in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome
Sorkhdini, P., Klubock-Shukla, K., Sheth, S., Yang, D., Yang, A. X., Norbrun, C., Introne, W. J., Gochuico, B. R., & Zhou, Y. (2024) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.178381 · Cited by 13
Innate lymphoid cells are double‐edged swords under the mucosal barrier
Duan, Z., Liu, M., Yuan, L., Du, X., Wu, M., Yang, Y., Wang, L., Zhou, K., Yang, M., Zou, Y., et al. (2021) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.16856 · Cited by 12
Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Accumulate in the Brain After Hypoxia-Ischemia but Do Not Contribute to the Development of Preterm Brain Injury
Zelco, A., Rocha‐Ferreira, E., Nazmi, A., Ardalan, M., Chumak, T., Nilsson, G., Hagberg, H., Mallard, C. E., & Wang, X. (2020) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2020.00249 · Cited by 13
Recent advances in the development of bioactive hydrogel-based dressings for enhanced wound healing
Cong, Y., Zhang, L., Li, Y., Ren, N., Zhang, M., Shi, Z., Lin, L., Yang, G., Shen, C., & Wei, Q. (2025) · Materials Today Advances · doi:10.1016/j.mtadv.2025.100672 · Cited by 12
Chitinase 3-like-1 protects airway function despite promoting type 2 inflammation during fungal-associated allergic airway inflammation
Mackel, J. J., Garth, J. M., Jones, M., Ellis, D. A., Blackburn, J. P., Yu, Z., Matalon, S., Curtiss, M. L., Lund, F. E., Hastie, A. T., et al. (2021) · American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.00528.2020 · Cited by 11
Solar ultraviolet B radiation promotes α-MSH secretion to attenuate the function of ILC2s via the pituitary–lung axis
Huang, Y., Zhu, L., Cheng, S., Dai, R., Huang, C., Song, Y., Peng, B., Li, X., Wen, J., Gong, Y., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-41319-1 · Cited by 11
Phospholipid scramblase-1 regulates innate type 2 inflammation in mouse lungs via CRTH2-dependent mechanisms
Hernandez-Gutierrez, A., Majid, S., Eberle, A. T., Choi, A., Sorkhdini, P., Yang, D., Yang, A. X., Norbrun, C., He, C. H., Lee, C.-M., et al. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci169583 · Cited by 11
Can Controlling Endoplasmic Reticulum Dysfunction Treat Allergic Inflammation in Severe Asthma With Fungal Sensitization?
Jeong, J. S., Kim, S. R., & Lee, Y. C. (2018) · Allergy Asthma and Immunology Research · doi:10.4168/aair.2018.10.2.106 · Cited by 11
IL-33 Signaling in Lung Injury
Chang, J., Yue-Feng, X., Zhang, M., & Zhang, L. (2016) · Translational Perioperative and Pain Medicine · doi:10.31480/2330-4871/037 · Cited by 10
A review on the utilization of insect chitosan in the food industry: Challenges and opportunities
Gul, T., Khan, N. A., Latif, R., & Faqir, Y. (2025) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.147587 · Cited by 9
IL-17A Expression in HIV-Specific CD8 T Cells Is Regulated by IL-4/IL-13 Following HIV-1 Prime-Boost Immunization
Ravichandran, J., Jackson, R. J., Trivedi, S., & Ranasinghe, C. (2014) · Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research · doi:10.1089/jir.2014.0078 · Cited by 9
Chitin induces steroid-resistant airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in mice
Takeshige, T., Harada, N., Harada, S., Ishimori, A., Katsura, Y., Sasano, H., Sandhu, Y., Matsuno, K., Makino, F., Ito, J., et al. (2021) · Allergology International · doi:10.1016/j.alit.2020.12.004 · Cited by 11
Dietary Chitin Particles Called Mimetic Fungi Ameliorate Colitis in Toll-Like Receptor 2/CD14- and Sex-Dependent Manners
Louis, P., Mercer, B., Cirone, A. M., Brust, C. A., Lee, Z., Esiobu, N., Li, Z., Wei, J., Dorey, C. K., Shibata, Y., et al. (2019) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.00006-19 · Cited by 9
Reciprocal Inhibition of Adiponectin and Innate Lung Immune Responses to Chitin and Aspergillus fumigatus
Amarsaikhan, N., Stolz, D. J., Wilcox, A., Sands, E. M., Tsoggerel, A., Gravely, H., & Templeton, S. P. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01057 · Cited by 9
IL-25 exacerbates autoimmune aortitis in IL-1 receptor antagonist-deficient mice
Yoshizaki, T., Itoh, S., Yamaguchi, S., Numata, T., Nambu, A., Kimura, N., Suto, H., Okumura, K., Sudo, K., Yamaguchi, A., et al. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53633-0 · Cited by 9
Direct activation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling in group 2 innate lymphoid cells contributes to inflammatory responses of allergic diseases
Li, S., Alanazi, H. H., Xu, Y., Yu, Y., Gao, Y., Guo, S., Xiong, Q., Jiang, H., Mo, K., Wang, J., et al. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.111240 · Cited by 9
IL-18/IL-18R Signaling Is Dispensable for ILC Development But Constrains the Growth of ILCP/ILCs
Xie, M., Zhang, M., Dai, M., Yue, S., Zhao, L., Qiu, J., Lu, C., & Xu, W. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.923424 · Cited by 8
Comparative functional analysis between human and mouse chitotriosidase: Substitution at amino acid 218 modulates the chitinolytic and transglycosylation activity
Kimura, M., Watanabe, T., Sekine, K., Ishizuka, H., Ikejiri, A., Sakaguchi, M., Kamaya, M., Yamanaka, D., Maťoška, V., Bauer, P. O., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.173 · Cited by 8
The role of fungus in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis
Challapalli, S. D., McKee, S. P., & Luong, A. (2021) · Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head & Neck Surgery · doi:10.1097/moo.0000000000000775 · Cited by 8
The Acari Hypothesis, III: Atopic Dermatitis
Retzinger, A. C., & Retzinger, G. S. (2022) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens11101083 · Cited by 8
Innate Immune Cells to the Help
Lambrecht, B. N., & Hammad, H. (2014) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2014.02.010 · Cited by 7
ILC Differentiation from Progenitors in the Bone Marrow
Das, A., Harly, C., Ding, Y., & Bhandoola, A. (2022) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-8387-9_2 · Cited by 7
Immunomodulatory natural polysaccharide‐based nanoparticles for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases
Tziveleka, L., Cascione, M., Pellegrino, P., Bianco, A., Leporatti, S., & Matteis, V. D. (2025) · Ibrain · doi:10.1002/ibra.12199 · Cited by 6
Fungal chitin-binding glycoprotein induces Dectin-2-mediated allergic airway inflammation synergistically with chitin
Muraosa, Y., Hino, Y., Takatsuka, S., Watanabe, A., Sakaida, E., Saijo, S., Miyazaki, Y., Yamasaki, S., & Kamei, K. (2024) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1011878 · Cited by 6

Authors: Van Dyken, S. J., Mohapatra, A., Nussbaum, J. C., Molofsky, A. B., Thornton, E. E., Ziegler, S. F., McKenzie, A. N. J., Krummel, M. F., Liang, H.-E., & Locksley, R. M.
Affiliations: Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
University of California, San Francisco (US)
Benaroya Research Institute (US)
MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (GB)
Corresponding author: Locksley, Richard M.
ORCID: Mohapatra, Alexander
Nussbaum, Jesse C.
Molofsky, Ari B.
Thornton, Emily E.
Ziegler, Steven F.
McKenzie, Andrew N.J.
Krummel, Matthew F.
Liang, Hong-Erh
Locksley, Richard M.
Venue: Immunity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-03
Volume: 40
Issue: 3
Pages: 414-424
ISSN: 1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.02.003
PMC: PMC4019510
OpenAlex: W2097384956
Cited by: 251
References: 53
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 25
FWCI: 13.86
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 385 d)
Locations: Immunity (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (AI030663, AI026918, HL107202)
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Asthma and respiratory diseases
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Studies on Chitinases and Chitosanases
Keywords: chitin, γδ T cells, IL-25, IL-33, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, epithelial cytokines, IL-5, IL-13, eosinophils, M2 macrophages, neutrophil influx, IL-17A, lung inflammation, innate immunity
MeSH terms: Animals, Chitin, Eosinophils, Gene Expression Regulation, Immunity, Innate, Inflammation, Lung, Lymphocyte Activation, Macrophage Activation, Macrophages, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Cytokines, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta, Mice, Knockout, Mice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Chitin Activates Parallel Immune Modules that Direct Distinct Inflammatory Responses via Innate Lymphoid Type 2 and γδ T Cells

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks