Comparative studies on Turkish and Indian Centella asiatica (L.) Urban (gotu kola) samples for their enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant effects and phytochemical characterization
Open accessAbstract
In this study, enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activity of the ethanol extracts of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban from Turkey and India was examined and the results were compared to those of the standardized extract of the plant obtained from China. Inhibitory activity of these three extracts was screened against four enzymes; acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase (TYRO), and lipoxygenase (LOX) using ELISA microplate reader. Antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined in vitro using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), metal-chelation, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The extracts showed a notable inhibition against BChE and TYRO, while the extracts from Turkey and India displayed lower activity in the antioxidant assays. HPLC analysis indicated that the Turkish plant sample was found to be richest in p-hydroxy-benzoic acid, whilst the Indian sample contained chlorogenic acid in the most abundant amount. α-Copaene was the dominant compound in the essential oil of the plant sample from Turkey.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Ethanolic extract of C. asiatica with 10.78% content of asiaticoside and madecassoside exhibits roughly 50% inhibition against acetylcholinesterase.
“Orhan et al. demonstrated that ethanolic extract of C. asiatica (with 10.78% content of asiaticoside and madecassoside) exhibited roughly 50% inhibition against AChE, indicating that this strong neuroprotective activity can be attributed to the high concentrations of triterpene saponins in the extract. 62”
From Therapeutic Properties and Pharmacological Activities of Asiaticoside and Madecassoside: A Review (2023) · cites this paper as [62]
Cites
A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity
Ellman, G. L., Courtney, K. D., Andres, V., & Featherstone, R. M. (1961) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0006-2952(61)90145-9 · Cited by 27,221 · see citing works
Oyaizu, M. (1986) · The Japanese Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.44.307 · Cited by 7,733 · see citing works
The role of inflammation in Alzheimer’s disease
Tuppo, E. E., & Arias, H. R. (2005) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.07.009 · Cited by 734 · see citing works
Pharmacological review on Centella asiatica: A potential herbal cure-all
Gohil, K., Patel, J. A., & Gajjar, A. (2010) · Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.4103/0250-474x.78519 · Cited by 666 · see citing works
Asanuma, M., Miyazaki, I., & Ogawa, N. (2003) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/bf03033137 · Cited by 518 · see citing works
Howes, M. R., & Houghton, P. J. (2003) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(03)00128-x · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Cholinesterase Inhibitors Used in the Treatment of Alzheimer???s Disease
Wilkinson, D. G., Francis, P. T., Schwam, E. M., & Payne-Parrish, J. (2004) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.2165/00002512-200421070-00004 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Masuda, T., Yamashita, D., Takeda, Y., & Yonemori, S. (2005) · Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1271/bbb.69.197 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Veerendra Kumar, M., & Gupta, Y. (2003) · Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1681.2003.03842.x · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Orhan, I. E. (2012) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2012/946259 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Self-citationScreening of Indian medicinal plants for acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity
Mukherjee, P. K., Venkatesan, K., & Houghton, P. J. (2007) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.2224 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Antioxidant activities of ethanolic extracts from the twigs of Cinnamomum osmophloeum
Chua, M.-T., Tung, Y., & Chang, S. (2007) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2007.03.020 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Mandel, S., Amit, T., Bar-Am, O., & Youdim, M. B. H. (2007) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2007.06.001 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Soumyanath, A., Zhong, Y.-P., Yu, X., Bourdette, D., Koop, D. R., Gold, S. A., & Gold, B. G. (2005) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1211/jpp.57.9.0018 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Oyedeji, A. O., & Afolayan, A. J. (2005) · Pharmaceutical Biology · doi:10.1080/13880200590928843 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
The anti-thrombotic active constituents from Centella asiatica
Satake, T., Kamiya, K., An, Y., Oishi(nee Taka), T., & Yamamoto, J. (2007) · Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin · doi:10.1248/bpb.30.935 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Won, J., Shin, J., Park, H.-J., Jung, H., Koh, D.-J., Jo, B.-G., Lee, J.-Y., Yun, K., & Lee, K. (2009) · Planta Medica · doi:10.1055/s-0029-1186142 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Şenol, F. S., Orhan, İ. E., Yılmaz, G., Çiçek, M., & Şener, B. (2009) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2009.12.004 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationBhandari, P., Kumar, N., Gupta, A. P., Singh, B., & Kaul, V. K. (2007) · Journal of Separation Science · doi:10.1002/jssc.200700066 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Orhan, G., Orhan, I., Subutay-Oztekin, N., Ak, F., & Sener, B. (2009) · Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery · doi:10.2174/157488909787002582 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citation(2004) · Indian Journal of Pharmacology · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Determination of Phenolic Acids by a Modified HPLC: Its Application to Various Plant Materials
Öztürk, N., Tunçel, M., & Tuncel, N. B. (2007) · Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies · doi:10.1080/10826070601093911 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Tappel, A. L. (1962) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(62)05272-6 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Two new flavonoids from Centella asiatica (Linn.)
Subban, R., Veerakumar, A., Manimaran, R., Hashim, K. M., & Balachandran, I. (2008) · Journal of Natural Medicines · doi:10.1007/s11418-008-0229-0 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Kumar, H., Koppula, S., Kim, I., More, S. V., Kim, B.-W., & Choi, D. (2013) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871527311211080012 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Mono- and sesquiterpenoids from Hydrocotyle and Centella species
Asakawa, Y., Matsuda, R., & TAKEMOTO, T. (1982) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/0031-9422(82)85264-3 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Studies on Indian Medical History
Meulenbeld, G. J., & Wujastyk, D. (1987) · BRILL eBooks · doi:10.1163/9789004646582 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Hatano, T. (1995) · Natural Medicines · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Mohandas Rao, K. G., Rao, M. S. R., & Rao, S. (2007) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1093/ecam/nem079 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
A Bioactive Polyacetylene Compound Isolated from Centella asiatica
Govindan, G. N., Sambandan, T. G., Govindan, M., Sinskey, A. J., Vanessendelft, J., Ilham, A. M., & Rha, C. (2007) · Planta Medica · doi:10.1055/s-2007-981521 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Rajendra, W., Visweswari, G., Prasad, K. S. S., & Lokanatha, V. (2010) · Indian Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.4103/0253-7613.64504 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Antioxidant potential and phenolic content of ethanolic extract of selected Malaysian plants
Philip, K. (2010) · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Studies on Indian Medical History
Meulenbeld, J., & Wujastyk, D. (2001) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.3403898 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The Antioxidant Activity of Some Medicinal Plants
Jain, P., Veerasamy, R., Sharma, S., & Agrawal, R. K. (2008) · DergiPark (Istanbul University) · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Krištofíková, Z., Řı́pová, D., Bartoš, A., Bocková, M., Hegnerová, K., Říčný, J., Čechová, L., Vrajová, M., & Homola, J. (2013) · Current Alzheimer Research · doi:10.2174/1567205011310020006 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Therapeutic Properties and Pharmacological Activities of Asiaticoside and Madecassoside: A Review
Bandopadhyay, S., Mandal, S., Ghorai, M., Jha, N. K., Kumar, M., Radha, Ghosh, A., Proćków, J., Pérez de la Lastra, J. M., & Dey, A. (2023) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.17635 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Potential Use of Turkish Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Various Diseases
Özkan, G., Kamiloğlu, S., Özdal, T., Boyacıoğlu, D., & Çapanoğlu, E. (2016) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules21030257 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Idris, F. N., & Nadzir, M. M. (2021) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics10040457 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
A Review on Medicinal Properties of Centella Asiatica
Prakash, V., Jaiswal, N., & Srivastava, M. (2017) · Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research · doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i10.20760 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Centella asiatica (Gotu kola) as a neuroprotectant and its potential role in healthy ageing
Sabaragamuwa, R., Perera, C. O., & Fedrizzi, B. (2018) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2018.07.024 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Ertaş, A., Boğa, M., Yılmaz, M. A., Yeşıl, Y., Tel‐Çayan, G., Temel, H., Haşimi, N., Gazioğlu, I., Öztürk, M., & Uğurlu, P. (2015) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.01.064 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Halder, S., Anand, U., Nandy, S., Olekšák, P., Qusti, S. Y., Alshammari, E. M., Batiha, G. E., Koshy, E. P., & Dey, A. (2021) · Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2021.07.003 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Hafiz, Z. Z., Amin, M. ‘. M., Johari James, R. M., Teh, L. K., Salleh, M. Z., & Adenan, M. I. (2020) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules25040892 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Traditional Herbal Medicines Against CNS Disorders from Bangladesh
Uddin, M. J., & Zidorn, C. (2020) · Natural Products and Bioprospecting · doi:10.1007/s13659-020-00269-7 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Nanotechnology-driven wound healing potential of asiaticoside: a comprehensive review
Kumar, M., Kumar, D., Mahmood, S., Singh, V., Chopra, S., Hilles, A. R., & Bhatia, A. (2024) · RSC Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1039/d3pm00024a · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Niamnuy, C., Charoenchaitrakool, M., Mayachiew, P., & Devahastin, S. (2013) · Drying Technology · doi:10.1080/07373937.2013.839563 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Hiranpradith, V., Therdthai, N., Soontrunnarudrungsri, A., & Rungsuriyawiboon, O. (2025) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods14020291 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Khotimah, H., Ali, M., Sumitro, S. B., & Widodo, M. A. (2015) · Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.07.024 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Das, K., Dang, R., Gokul, S., & Ellath, R. P. (2018) · Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.4274/tjps.54376 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationHazrati, S., Govahi, M., Sedaghat, M., & Kashkooli, A. B. (2020) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112942 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Chai, T., Ooh, K.-F., Quah, Y., & Wong, F. (2015) · Phytochemistry Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11101-015-9399-z · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Total phenolic content, ferric reducing and DPPH scavenging activity ofArum dioscoridis
Karahan, F., Kulak, M., Urlu, E., Gözüacik, H. G., Böyümez, T., Şekeroğlu, N., & Doganturk, I. H. (2014) · Natural Product Research · doi:10.1080/14786419.2014.991320 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Bhattacharya, R., Parmar, K. M., Itankar, P. R., & Prasad, S. K. (2017) · South African Journal of Botany · doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2017.06.003 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Şekeroğlu, N., Urlu, E., Kulak, M., Gezici, S., & Dang, R. (2017) · Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research · doi:10.5530/ijper.51.2s.43 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Awuchi, C. G. (2023) · International Journal of Food Properties · doi:10.1080/10942912.2023.2205039 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Mohapatra, P., Ray, A., Jena, S., Padhiari, B. M., Kuanar, A., Nayak, S., & Mohanty, S. (2023) · South African Journal of Botany · doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2023.07.019 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Abate, T. A., & Belay, A. N. (2022) · International Journal of Food Properties · doi:10.1080/10942912.2022.2112598 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Review: Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Chemical Profile of Centella asiatica
Rattanakom, S., & Yasurin, P. (2014) · Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal · doi:10.13005/bpj/510 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Annals of Phytomedicine, An international Journal
publications, P. U. (2020) · ADVANCED SCIENCES INDEX · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Das, K., Deb, S., & Karanth, T. (2019) · Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.4274/tjps.galenos.2018.44265 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationGezici, S. (2019) · Current Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.24092/crps.2019.090303 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Borges, A. L. S., Bittar, V. P., Justino, A. B., Carrillo, M. S. P., Duarte, R. F. M., Silva, N. B. S., Gonçalves, D. S., Prado, D. G., Araújo, I. A. C., Martins, M. M., et al. (2024) · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116143 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Sansomchai, P., Jumpatong, K., Lapinee, C., & Utchariyajit, K. (2020) · Chiang Mai University Journal of Natural Sciences · doi:10.12982/cmujns.2021.008 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Mishra, R. N., & Jain, V. (2025) · Phytomedicine Plus · doi:10.1016/j.phyplu.2025.100896 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Tanjungpura, P. N. F. K. U., Nurfianti, A., Tribudi, Y. A., & Tanjungpura, P. S. P. –. F. P. U. (2016) · Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian · doi:10.21776/ub.jtp.2016.017.03.4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Das, K., & Dang, R. (2017) · Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research · doi:10.5530/ijper.51.3.71 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationYu-ChihD, S., Lee, Y., Sung-Hui, T., Shu-Chen, C., & Ching-Chiung, W. (2015) · Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research · doi:10.5530/jper.49.1.3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Aladakatti, S., & Ramamurthy, V. A. (2025) · Vegetos · doi:10.1007/s42535-025-01194-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Khan, M., Shah, S. M. Z., Rahman, S., & Musharraf, S. G. (2026) · Metabolomics · doi:10.1007/s11306-026-02411-x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bioefficacy of Centella asiatica (Linnaeus) Urban on Plasmodium berghei Vincke and Lips, 1948
Banyal, H. S., Devi, V., & Devi, N. (2014) · Asian Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.3923/ajbs.2014.238.241 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
POTENCIAL MEDICINAL E ALIMENTÍCIO DA VEGETAÇÃO HERBÁCEA TERRÍCOLA CILIAR NO SUL DO BRASIL
Ceron, K., Guislon, A. V., Bristot, S. F., Martins, H. D. B., Elias, G. A., dos Santos, R., Amaral, P. D. A., & Citadini‐Zanette, V. (2016) · Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Das, K., Deb, S., & Karanth, T. (2018) · Turkish Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.4274/tjps.44265 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationCentella asiatica (L.) Urb. Apiaceae
Wakhidah, A. Z., & MUSTAQIM, W. A. (2020) · Ethnobotany of mountain regions · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-14116-5_72-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Ghazali, M. I. (2019) · UTHM Institutional Repository (Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia)
Pegagan (Centella asiatica) as a functional food for health with centelloside content
Vinolina, N. S., & Sigalingging, R. (2021) · E3S Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202133208008
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Apiaceae
Wakhidah, A. Z., & MUSTAQIM, W. A. (2020) · Ethnobotany of mountain regions · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-14116-5_72-2
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. Apiaceae
Wakhidah, A. Z., & MUSTAQIM, W. A. (2021) · Ethnobotany of mountain regions · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-38389-3_72
Verma, R., Bisen, P. S., & Bulló, M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-3664-9_11
Faysal, A. A., Kaya, B. S., Elmacioglu, H., & Gölcü, A. (2025) · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open · doi:10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100091
- Authors
- Orhan, I. E., Atasu, E., Senol, F. S., Ozturk, N., Demirci, B., Das, K., & Sekeroglu, N.
- Affiliations
- Gazi University (TR)
- ORCID
- Das, Kuntal
- Venue
- Industrial Crops and Products
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-05
- Volume
- 47
- Pages
- 316-322
- ISSN
- 0926-6690 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2041630148
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 8.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Industrial Crops and Products (publishedVersion)
- Eastern Mediterranean University Institutional Repository (Eastern Mediterranean University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Medicinal Plant Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
- Keywords
- Centella asiatica, enzyme inhibition, antioxidant activity, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase, lipoxygenase, phytochemical profiling, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, α-copaene, essential oils, ethanol extract
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review