The negative Flynn Effect: A systematic literature review

Massive IQ gains in 14 nations: What IQ tests really measure.

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The mean IQ of Americans: Massive gains 1932 to 1978.

Flynn, J. R. (1984) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.95.1.29 · Cited by 1,206 · see citing works

Untitled work

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Factors influencing the latency of simple reaction time

Woods, D. L., Wyma, J. M., Yund, E. W., Herron, T. J., & Reed, B. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00131 · Cited by 336 · see citing works

One Century of Global IQ Gains: A Formal Meta-Analysis of the Flynn Effect (1909–2013)

Pietschnig, J., & Voracek, M. (2015) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691615577701 · Cited by 316 · see citing works

Sex differences on the progressive matrices: A meta-analysis

Lynn, R., & Paul Irwing, B. (2004) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2004.06.008 · Cited by 301 · see citing works

Race Differences in Intelligence: An Evolutionary Analysis

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The end of the Flynn effect?A study of secular trends in mean intelligence test scores of Norwegian conscripts during half a century

Sundet, J. M., Barlaug, D., & Torjussen, T. M. (2004) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(04)00052-2 · Cited by 228 · see citing works

Are we getting smarter?: rising IQ in the twenty-first century

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Soldier intelligence in World Wars I and II.

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What is intelligence?: beyond the Flynn effect

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Advanced Paternal Age Is Associated with Impaired Neurocognitive Outcomes during Infancy and Childhood

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Secular declines in cognitive test scores: A reversal of the Flynn Effect

Teasdale, T. W., & Owen, D. R. (2008) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2007.01.007 · Cited by 185 · see citing works

A normative and reliability study for the Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices for primary school aged children from Victoria, Australia

Cotton, S., Kiely, P. M., Crewther, D. P., Thomson, B., Laycock, R., & Crewther, S. G. (2005) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.02.015 · Cited by 164 · see citing works

Cognitive Capitalism

Rindermann, H., & Thompson, J. (2011) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797611407207 · Cited by 157 · see citing works

Dysgenics: genetic deterioration in modern populations

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Score gains on g-loaded tests: No g

te Nijenhuis, J., van Vianen, A. E. M., & van der Flier, H. (2007) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2006.07.006 · Cited by 129 · see citing works

Detection of EEG-resting state independent networks by eLORETA-ICA method

Aoki, Y., Ishii, R., Pascual-Marqui, R. D., Canuet, L., Ikeda, S., Hata, M., Imajo, K., Matsuzaki, H., Musha, T., Asada, T., et al. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00031 · Cited by 115 · see citing works

Is the Flynn effect on g?: A meta-analysis

Nijenhuis, J. T., & der Flier, H. V. (2013) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2013.03.001 · Cited by 114 · see citing works

Thirty years on – a large anti‐Flynn effect? The Piagetian test Volume & Heaviness norms 1975–2003

Shayer, M., Ginsburg, D., & Coe, R. (2006) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1348/000709906x96987 · Cited by 106 · see citing works

A negative Flynn effect in Finland, 1997–2009

Dutton, E., & Lynn, R. (2013) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2013.05.008 · Cited by 100 · see citing works

Were the Victorians cleverer than us? The decline in general intelligence estimated from a meta-analysis of the slowing of simple reaction time.

Woodley, M. A., te Nijenhuis, J., & Murphy, R. (2013) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2013.04.006 · Cited by 82 · see citing works

Thirty years on – a large anti‐Flynn effect/ (II): 13‐ and 14‐year‐olds. Piagetian tests of formal operations norms 1976–2006/7

Shayer, M., & Ginsburg, D. (2008) · British Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1348/978185408x383123 · Cited by 76 · see citing works

Is Later Better or Worse? Association of Advanced Parental Age With Offspring Cognitive Ability Among Half a Million Young Swedish Men

Myrskylä, M., Silventoinen, K., Tynelius, P., & Rasmussen, F. E. (2013) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kws237 · Cited by 74 · see citing works

The fate of national intelligence: test of a thirteen-year prediction.

Cattell, R. B. (1950) · PubMed Central · Cited by 68 · see citing works

The secular rise in IQs: In Estonia, the Flynn effect is not a Jensen effect

Must, O., Must, A., & Raudik, V. (2003) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/s0160-2896(03)00013-8 · Cited by 64 · see citing works

A negative Flynn effect in France, 1999 to 2008–9

Dutton, E., & Lynn, R. (2015) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2015.05.005 · Cited by 58 · see citing works

Who discovered the Flynn effect? A review of early studies of the secular increase of intelligence

Lynn, R. (2013) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2013.03.008 · Cited by 56 · see citing works

GENERATIONAL CHANGES ON THE DRAW-A-MAN TEST: A COMPARISON OF BRAZILIAN URBAN AND RURAL CHILDREN TESTED IN 1930, 2002 AND 2004

Colom, R., Flores-Mendoza, C. E., & Abad, F. J. (2006) · Journal of Biosocial Science · doi:10.1017/s0021932005001173 · Cited by 54 · see citing works

A reversal of the Flynn effect for spatial perception in German-speaking countries: Evidence from a cross-temporal IRT-based meta-analysis (1977–2014)

Pietschnig, J., & Gittler, G. (2015) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2015.10.004 · Cited by 51 · see citing works

In the Netherlands the anti-Flynn effect is a Jensen effect

Menie, M. A. W. O., & Meisenberg, G. (2013) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2012.12.022 · Cited by 50 · see citing works

Secular trends in cognitive test performance: Swedish conscript data 1970–1993

Rönnlund, M., Carlstedt, B., Blomstedt, Y., Nilsson, L., & Weinehall, L. (2012) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2012.10.001 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

Generational IQ gains: Spanish data

Colom, R., Pueyo, A. A., & Juan-Espinosa, M. (1998) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(98)00090-7 · Cited by 40 · see citing works

Is there a dysgenic secular trend towards slowing simple reaction time? Responding to a quartet of critical commentaries

Menie, M. A. W. O., Nijenhuis, J. T., & Murphy, R. (2014) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2014.05.012 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

AN INCREASE OF INTELLIGENCE IN SUDAN, 1987–2007

Khaleefa, O., Sulman, A. S. M., & Lynn, R. (2008) · Journal of Biosocial Science · doi:10.1017/s0021932008003180 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Language and Non-Verbal Test Performance of Racial Groups in Honolulu Before and After a Fourteen-Year Interval

Smith, S. (1942) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221309.1942.10544718 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Dysgenics: Genetic deterioration in modern populations

(1998) · Journal of Social and Evolutionary Systems · doi:10.1016/s1061-7361(98)80008-8 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Book review: Religion and Intelligence: An Evolutionary Analysis

Kura, K. (2015) · Mankind Quarterly · doi:10.46469/mq.2015.55.3.10 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

In France, are secular IQ losses biologically caused? A comment on Dutton and Lynn (2015)

Woodley of Menie, M. A., & Dunkel, C. S. (2015) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2015.08.009 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

IQ gains in Argentina between 1964 and 1998

(2012) · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2012.01.006 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

The Flynn effect in Brazil: Examining generational changes in the Draw-a-Person and in the Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices

Bandeira, D. R., Costa, Â. B., & Arteche, A. X. (2012) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · doi:10.14349/rlp.v44i3.1143 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

The Victorians were still faster than us. Commentary: Factors influencing the latency of simple reaction time

Menie, M. A. W. O., Nijenhuis, J. T., & Murphy, R. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00452 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Showing their true colours: Possible secular declines and a Jensen effect on colour acuity — More evidence for the weaker variant of Spearman's Other Hypothesis

Menie, M. A. W. O., & Fernandes, H. B. F. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.09.009 · Cited by 13 · see citing works

Military Officer Quality in the All-Volunteer Force

Cancian, M. F., & Klein, M. W. (2015) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w21372 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Flynni efekti esinemine Eesti abiturientide seas Raveni testi põhjal

Kõrgesaar, M. (2013) · DSpace repository (University of Tartu) · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Suomalaismiesten kognitiivisen kykyprofiilin muutokset 1988-2001 : Flynnin efektiä suomalaisessa aineistossa?

Koivunen, S. (2007) · Jyväskylä University Digital Archive (University of Jyväskylä) · Cited by 3 · see citing works

Flynn effect and its reversal are both environmentally caused

Bratsberg, B., & Rogeberg, O. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1718793115 · Cited by 199 · see citing works

Digital dementia in the internet generation: excessive screen time during brain development will increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in adulthood

Manwell, L. A., Tadros, M., Ciccarelli, T. M., & Eikelboom, R. (2022) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.31083/j.jin2101028 · Cited by 122 · see citing works

The impact of digital media on children’s intelligence while controlling for genetic differences in cognition and socioeconomic background

Sauce, B., Liebherr, M., Judd, N., & Klingberg, T. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-11341-2 · Cited by 74 · see citing works

Looking for Flynn effects in a recent online U.S. adult sample: Examining shifts within the SAPA Project

Dworak, E. M., Revelle, W., & Condon, D. M. (2023) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2023.101734 · Cited by 35 · see citing works

No negative Flynn effect in France: Why variations of intelligence should not be assessed using tests based on cultural knowledge

Gonthier, C., Grégoire, J., & Besançon, M. (2021) · Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.intell.2020.101512 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

Could physical fitness be considered as a protective social factor associated with bridging the cognitive gap related to school vulnerability in adolescents? The Cogni-Action Project

Cristi-Montero, C., Ibarra-Mora, J., Gaya, A., Castro-Piñero, J., Solis-Urra, P., Aguilar-Farias, N., Ferrari, G., Rodriguez-Rodriguez, F., & Sadarangani, K. P. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph181910073 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

The secular trend of intelligence test scores: The Danish experience for young men born between 1940 and 2000

Hegelund, E. R., Teasdale, T. W., Okholm, G. T., Osler, M., Sørensen, T. I. A., Christensen, K., & Mortensen, E. L. (2021) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261117 · Cited by 12 · see citing works

Street smarts

Curry, D. S. (2021) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-020-02641-z · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Wait, Where’s the Flynn Effect on the WAIS-5?

Winter, E. L., Trudel, S. M., & Kaufman, A. S. (2024) · Journal of Intelligence · doi:10.3390/jintelligence12110118 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Type A behavior

Eysenck, H. J. (1990) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(90)90287-2

Quantifying the Flynn Effect in Spain, 1991–2022Preprint

Lasker, J. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/jmhd3

The Flynn effect

Oberleiter, S. (2026) · University of Vienna · doi:10.25365/thesis.81300

A Qualitative Synthesis of the Flynn Effect

Ceci, S. J., & Williams, W. M. (2016) · Measurement Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives · doi:10.1080/15366367.2016.1173949 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

A long-term rise and recent decline in intelligence test performance: the Flynn effect in reverse

Teasdale, T. W., & Owen, D. R. (2005) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.01.029 · Cited by 156 · see citing works