The DOI matches its Crossref record; 105 of the 110 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 2 of the 29 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development and Validation
Open accessAbstract
In the last three decades, an influential research stream has emerged which highlights the dynamics of focal consumer/brand relationships. Specifically, more recently the ‘consumer brand engagement’ (CBE) concept has been postulated to more comprehensively reflect the nature of consumers’ particular interactive brand relationships, relative to traditional concepts, including ‘involvement.’ However, despite the growing scholarly interest regarding the undertaking of marketing research addressing ‘engagement,’ studies have been predominantly exploratory in nature, thus generating a lack of empirical research in this area to date. By developing and validating a CBE scale in specific social media settings, we address this identified literature gap. Specifically, we conceptualize CBE as a consumer's positively valenced brand-related cognitive, emotional and behavioral activity during or related to focal consumer/brand interactions. We derive three CBE dimensions, including cognitive processing, affection, and activation. Within three different social media contexts, we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale, which we proceed to validate within a nomological net of conceptual relationships and a rival model. The findings suggest that while consumer brand ‘involvement’ acts as a CBE antecedent, consumer ‘self-brand connection’ and ‘brand usage intent’ represent key CBE consequences, thus providing a platform for further research…
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
49 Own result · 21 Own interpretation · 9 No full text of the sources · 8 Sources not found · 8 Own method · 7 No basis given · 2 Couldn’t confirm · 1 Not checked yet · accuracy not yet measured
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“the qualitative study shows consumer conceptions of CBE are aligned with key findings addressing the 'engagement' concept in prior research (Brodie et al. 2011;Leeflang 2011).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites Leeflang 2011 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The available Abstract describes the formalization of marketing and future developments, while the metadata lists customer engagement only as a keyword. Searches for consumer conceptions of CBE, qualitative findings, and the engagement concept found no passage addressing whether those conceptions align with prior research. (LLM, conf=0.71)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In an additional EFA including only the 10 retained CBE items, the scree plot and the eigen values exceeding 1.0 concurred in suggesting the suitability of a threefactor solution for CBE, which explained 69.63% of the total variance.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For these brands, the respondents exhibited a substantially lower willingness to exert cognitive, emotional or behavioral activity in their brand interactions”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
In the paper
“we observed the scree in the scree plot at three factors; thus corresponding to our hypothesized three-factor model of CBE.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Cattell 1966 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The attained Cronbach alphas for the scale were: (i) Cognitive processing: .825;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fit statistics for the re-estimated model were as follows: χ 2 (53) = 464.9(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 8.72, GFI = .865;CFI = .922;RMSEA = .118;and SRMR = .048;thus indicating a worse fit, relative to the three-factor model.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the audio recorded findings suggested that consumers predominantly equated their 'engagement' with their selected brands to specific brand interactions.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“while consumer brand 'involvement' acts as a CBE antecedent”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the results indicated that for perceived 'highly engaging' brands consumers, typically, appeared willing to exert considerable cognitive, emotional and behavioral activity in their brand interactions”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 2 about here
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We derive three CBE dimensions, including cognitive processing, affection, and activation.”
- Also stated in: § CBE Conceptual Development · plain
“we propose three CBE dimensions, which correspond to the generic cognitive, emotional and behavioral nature of 'engagement.'”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § CBE Conceptual Development · plain
- Probably not a substantial claim. 11
- It may state two separate claims as one. 14
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“As such, this research responds directly to the Marketing Science Institute's (MSI 2010), Leeflang's (2011), and Brodie et al.'s (2011) call for the undertaking of 'engagement'-based scale development research.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites MSI 2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Could not verifycites Leeflang (2011) sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The indexed Abstract describes a broad agenda for developing marketing research, and the keywords include customer engagement. Searches for engagement-based scale development and customer-engagement measures returned no passage in our copy calling for that research; the retrieved text does not establish the specific attribution to Leeflang. (LLM, conf=0.72)
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. (2011)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“resulting in a three-factor, 10-item CBE scale for further analysis.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plainn = 200- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The item screening generated a reduced pool of 39 CBE items.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“we retained 12 items for the 'cognitive processing,' 15 items for the 'affection,' and 12 items for the 'activation' dimensions of CBE for further analysis.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reliability (internal consistency) analyses using Cronbach's alpha indicated the scale had good reliability: (i) Cognitive processing: .753;(ii) Affection: .839;(iii) Activation: .776;and (iv) Overall 10-item CBE scale: .823.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The attained Cronbach alphas for the scale were: (i) Cognitive processing: .825;(ii) Affection: .907; (iii) Activation: .894;and (iv) Overall CBE scale: .933.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The results in Figure 1 suggested excellent model fit (Iacobucci 2010: p. 91): χ 2 (32) = 97.994(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 3.06.Further, GFI = .968;CFI = .984;RMSEA = .061;and SRMR = .0278;thus corroborating the excellent model fit to the data”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
What the sources say
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“The regression weights (βs) for each of the items onto their intended factor were significant (e.g.AFFECTION → AFFEC.1: .895);and all standardized coefficients .50;suggesting that each of the items should remain in the model”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
What the sources say
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, while we found consumers' brand-related 'affection' (.426) and 'activation' (.402) in specific consumer/brand interactions to exert a similar significant effect on individuals' ensuing 'brand usage intent,' consumers' level of 'cognitive processing' (.045) failed to produce a significant effect.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Hypothesis Testing Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“which indicated that discriminant validity was attained for 14 of the 15 possible construct pairs; that is, with the exception of COG.PROC.-AFFEC.(Table 5).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Fornell and Larcker 1981a/b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Each of the squared multiple correlations exceeded .50;also indicating good item reliability.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The regression coefficients indicated that each of the items made a significant contribution to the measurement of its intended construct, thus contributing to the model's convergent validity.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Model Results
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fit statistics for the calibration sample are: χ 2 (243) = 653.561(p=0.000); and χ 2 /df = 2.69, GFI = .824;CFI = .932;RMSEA = .078;and SRMR = .0616;the validation sample: χ 2 (243) = 666.7 (p=0.000);χ 2 /df = 2.77, GFI = .817;CFI = .938;RMSEA = .079;and SRMR = .0516.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 5 about here
plainn = 278- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Highly similar results were attained across both sub-samples (Table 6), which also exhibited significant resemblance to the results for the full sample (Alwin and Jackson 1981).”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Table 5 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Alwin and Jackson 1981
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedn = 278- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Fourth, 'engagement' plays a central role in a nomological net of focal conceptual relationships (Brodie et al. 2011)”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Table 1 about here
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As such, study 3 confirmed the CBE scale representing a valid, reliable and stable measurement instrument.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Insert Figure 1 about here
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“more recently the 'consumer brand engagement' (CBE) concept has been postulated to more comprehensively reflect the nature of consumers' particular interactive brand relationships, relative to traditional concepts, including 'involvement.'”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Brodie et al. 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“'engagement' reflects a motivational state (Van Doorn et al. 2010), which occurs by virtue of an individual's (i.e. the 'engagement subject') focal interactive experiences with a particular object or agent”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Table 1 about here
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Van Doorn et al. 2010 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“studies have been predominantly exploratory in nature; thus generating a lack of empirical research in this area to date.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Abstract
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and as such, may be useful for scholars and managers seeking to predict specific consumer behavior outcomes;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additionally, this paper contributes insights regarding the potential role of CBE in the advancement of the broader theoretical perspectives of relationship marketing, S-D logic and consumer culture theory, which are centered upon the importance of establishing and maintaining value-laden, interactive and co-creative consumer/brand interactions and relationships.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As a result, consumers' CBE levels with a focal brand may fluctuate: (i) During (i.e.within) a particular brand interaction; and (ii) Across brand interactions over time.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Contributions, Limitations & Implications Academic Implications
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, we expect managerial cultivation of CBE to generate enhanced consumer brand retention and loyalty outcomes.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Managerial Implications
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Represents a promising, under-explored concept to date;”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“thus indicating that not only does CBE have a positive effect on consumer 'self-brand connection,' but CBE explains most of the variance observed for this construct.”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Hypothesis Testing Results
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The selected social media brands (Facebook.com, Twitter.com, LinkedIn.com) are representative of social media contexts for studying CBE.
“Within three different social media contexts, we employ exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to develop a reliable, 10-item CBE scale”
“we selected the brand Facebook.comfor investigation”
“we selected the social media brand Twitter.com for investigation”
The paper relies on this without support.
The causal direction is from consumer brand involvement through CBE to self-brand connection and brand usage intent, not the reverse.
“we identified a mediating effect of CBE in the association between consumer brand 'involvement' and 'brand usage intent.'”
The paper relies on this without support.
The nomological net includes all relevant mediating variables.
“which implies there are no omitted mediating variables, and the mediating hypotheses are supported.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Study 2: CBE Measurement Assessment & Scale Dimensionality
“We selected a social media setting in studies 1-3”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Study 1: Consumer Conceptions of 'Consumer Brand Engagement' (CBE)
“We instructed the participants to select a brand in any category that is 'highly engaging' to them”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“| Activation | .72 | .67 | .75 | .69 | .46 | .49 | | Self-Brand | .84 | .74 | .86 | .86 | .75 | .45 |”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
Reported 0.46 · recomputed 0.7396
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“| Affection | .84 | .85 | .76 | .57 | .74 | .46 | | Activation | .72 | .67 | .75 | .69 | .46 | .49 | | Self-Brand | .84 | .74 | .86 | .86 | .75 | .45 | | Connection | | | | | | | | Brand Usage | .67 | .64 | .74 | .70 | .67 | .76 |”
§ Consumer Brand Engagement in Social Media: Conceptualization, Scale Development & Validation > Brand usage intent
Reported 0.46 · recomputed 0.5476
Citations
Cites
Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151312 · Cited by 109,314
Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224378101800104 · Cited by 109,190
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,532
(1975) · PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) · Cited by 36,737
Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/brm.40.3.879 · Cited by 34,117
On the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models
Bagozzi, R. P., & Yi, Y. (1988) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/bf02723327 · Cited by 26,163
Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Managing Customer-Based Brand Equity
Keller, K. L. (1993) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1177/002224299305700101 · Cited by 24,648
Structural Equations with Latent Variables
Bollen, K. A. (1989) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/9781118619179 · Cited by 17,944
Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media
Kaplan, A. M., & Haenlein, M. (2010) · Business Horizons · doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003 · Cited by 17,875
Structural Equations with Latent Variables.
Clogg, C. C., & Bollen, K. A. (1991) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2072165 · Cited by 17,475
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Bezjian-Avery A., 1998, Journal of Advertising Research, 38, 23
- Menard Scott Longitudinal Research, 2e, Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences No. 76 2002 Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications
- Patterson Paul, Ting Yu., De Ruyter Ko Understanding Customer Engagement in Services 2006 AZMAC Proceedings Brisbane
- Prahalad Coimbatore K., 2004, Journal of Marketing, 68, 23
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 3,101–3,200 of 3,233
Shahi, R., Shahi, T. B., Khatri, B. B., et al. (2026) · Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research · doi:10.3390/jtaer21070220
“Higher levels of engagement are associated with increased trust, stronger relationships, and a greater likelihood of loyalty, often expressed through advocacy and repeat interactions [29].”
Bağcı, R. B., & Woodside, A. G. (2026) · Journal of Services Marketing · doi:10.1108/jsm-08-2025-0561
Wibowo, A., Chen, S., & Ruangkanjanases, A. (2026) · Journal of Further and Higher Education · doi:10.1080/0309877x.2026.2695353
From Humor to Engagement: the Social-Relational Mechanism of Digital Brand Communication
Le, M. T. T., Tran, H. H. M., Nguyen, H. M., Nguyen, H. M., Nguyen, H. H., & Tran, T. T. M. (2026) · Corporate Reputation Review · doi:10.1057/s41299-026-00263-8
Sichinga, C., & Chungu, K. (2026) · African Journal of Commercial Studies · doi:10.59413/ajocs/v7.i4.10
“…(Chipongoma and Mwange, 2025; Odoom, Anning Dorson and Acheampong, 2017; Kakumbi and Phiri, 2022), the post adoption phase specifically, how SMEs can optimize digital tools to foster genuine customer engagement remains largely neglected (Brodie et al., 2011; Hollebeek, Glynn and Brodie, 2014).”
Soliman, M. S. A., Behboodi, Z., Al-Ghafri, N., & Shishan, F. (2026) · Journal of Creative Communications · doi:10.1177/09732586261463341 · Cited by 1
Cho, B.-K., Park, J., Iyer, R., & Lee, Y. (2026) · Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics · doi:10.1108/apjml-09-2025-1880
Vezali, E., Langa, C., Lazăr, A. N., Sakici, Ş., & Yaprak, B. (2026) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci16071130
“Online brand community engagement (OBCE) was measured using eight items adapted from Hollebeek (2014) and Algesheimer et al. (2005).”
Macías, W. A. B., Báscones, G. G. U., & Arias, M. A. S. (2026) · Revista Científica Multidisciplinar G-nerando · doi:10.66473/rcmg.v7i2.1285
Ảnh hưởng của truyền thông mạng xã hội đến lòng trung thành thương hiệu: Nghiên cứu trường hợp VTV24
Hoàng, N. V., & Hương, N. T. (2026) · Tạp chí Công nghiệp Kinh tế và Quản lý · doi:10.62831/nckh.2026.583.v1
Soliman, M. Z., Sarwar, A., & Wah, N. K. (2026) · Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research · doi:10.3390/jtaer21070238
Durmaz, G., & Melewar, T. C. (2026) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783111593814-016
Arghashi, V., Kumar, H., & Tajeddini, K. (2026) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2026.2705876
Pineda, J. M., & Padilla, D. A. (2026) · Journal of interdisciplinary perspectives · doi:10.69569/jip.2026.296
Khraisat, Q., & Tanova, C. (2026) · Journal of Foodservice Business Research · doi:10.1080/15378020.2026.2706513
Abbasi, A. Z., Mirza, F., Ali, L., Rather, R. A., & Ting, D. H. (2026) · International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship · doi:10.1108/ijsms-02-2025-0054
Start now, stay longer: how immediate subscription activation drives long-term commitment
Kaushik, N., Kaur, K., & Das, G. (2026) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/ejm-09-2025-0768
Sahu, P., Dholakia, N., & Bhaladhare, S. (2026) · ShodhKosh Journal of Visual and Performing Arts · doi:10.29121/shodhkosh.v7.i1.2026.8895
Almendros, E. C., Prados‐Peña, M. B., Molina-Prados, A., et al. (2026) · Revista Latina de Comunicación Social · doi:10.4185/rlcs-2026-2678
“The conceptualisation of customer engagement proposed by Hollebeek et al. (2014) has been widely referenced in the literature to analyse tourist engagement with destinations, integrating the cognitive, emotional and behavioural dimensions of this relationship (Harrigan et al., 2018).”
Riskos, K., Hatzithomas, L., & Dekoulou, P. (2026) · Journal of Media Business Studies · doi:10.1080/16522354.2026.2709035
Zhou, Y., & Wang, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1879311
Exploring the impact of virtual reality on voluntourism engagement and well-being
Rodrigues, M., Loureiro, S., & Bilro, R. (2026) · Journal of business research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2026.116432
Islam, J. U., Nazir, O., Albishri, N. A., & Khan, I. (2026) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.107550
Fisher, N. S., & Yoon, D. (2026) · Frontiers in Communication · doi:10.3389/fcomm.2026.1853345 · Cited by 1
Jin, H., Yang, L., Lin, Z., & Song, H. (2026) · Journal of Consumer Marketing · doi:10.1108/jcm-04-2025-7812
Li, L., Lin, B., Zan, S., et al. (2026) · Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1108/jrim-02-2026-0134
From Engagement to Advocacy: The Mediating Influence of Commitment and Happiness in Green Branding
Nirwan, N., & Khan, A. T. (2026) · Journal of Global Marketing · doi:10.1080/08911762.2026.2705986
From experience to repurchase: how omnichannel retail shapes FMCG consumer behaviour
Mkedder, N., Bakır, M., Reulink, S. C. I., Al-Dhabyani, Y., Özcan, B. Ö., & Kramer, Y. X. X. Y. (2026) · Journal of Marketing Analytics · doi:10.1057/s41270-026-00524-9 · Cited by 1
Customer Engagement With Internet Service Providers: The Role of Branded Content Marketing
Ologundudu, T., & Erdil, G. E. (2026) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440261461804
The evolution of interactive marketing theories: a 40-year review and research agenda
Peltier, J. W., Dahl, A. J., Drury, L., Khan, T., & Wang, C. L. (2026) · Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing · doi:10.1108/jrim-04-2026-0244
The Role of Authenticity and Creativity in Street Art Advertising
Alves, C., Pereira, O., & Azevedo, A. (2026) · Journal of Promotion Management · doi:10.1080/10496491.2026.2713530
“The first section of the questionnaire measured ‘Connection with Street Art’, using a 7-point Likert scale (1 = “totally disagree” to 7 = “totally agree”) with six items adapted from Hollebeek et al. (2014) and Bowden and Mirzaei (2021).”
Heritage reimagined: brand rejuvenation dynamics of Chinese time-honored brands
Wang, X., Yu, K., & Liu, M. T. (2026) · Journal of Brand Management · doi:10.1057/s41262-026-00450-2
Shandra, Y. A., Sukartini, N. W., & Sitawati, A. A. R. (2026) · Indonesian Journal of Innovation Multidisipliner Research · doi:10.69693/ijim.v4i3.1948
Unraveling the sales impact: Exploring consumer brand engagement through natural language processing
Tripathi, S., Deokar, A. V., & Ajjan, H. (2026) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2026.116455
Chang, W., & Lee, K. (2026) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2026.105043
Digital Transformation and Consumer-Organization Relationships in India's Tourism Ecosystem
Kumar, P., Boro, S., Dkhar, W., et al. (2026) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-0497-5.ch005
Rungruangjit, W., Mongkol, K., & Charoenpornpanichkul, K. (2026) · Administrative Sciences · doi:10.3390/admsci16080383
Strategi Pemasaran Digital di Industri Fashion: Peran Influencer Virtual bagi Konsumen Gen Z
Silitonga, L., Riorini, S. V., & Farrel, M. I. (2026) · ULIL ALBAB Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin · doi:10.56799/jim.v5i9.17821
Firdayanti, S., Ramdani, A., & Setiawan, R. (2026) · Indonesian Journal of Innovation Multidisipliner Research · doi:10.69693/ijim.v4i3.1219
punia, K., & Singh, B. (2026) · Cureus Journal of Business and Economics. · doi:10.7759/s44404-026-00215-9
Island tourism destinations: strategic dynamics in digital destination image formation
Dorta-Preen, J. M., & Talavera, A. S. (2026) · Tourism Review · doi:10.1108/tr-02-2026-0185
Voices that connect: Exploring human-like attributes and eWOM in AI assistants
Li, M., Zhang, J., Ji, C., & Prentice, C. (2026) · Technology in Society · doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2026.103500
Wu, T., Kim, Y., Kim, T. H., & Petter, S. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7274311
Yan, Z. (2026) · Journal of tourism management. · doi:10.62517/jtm.202613302
Gera, M. (2026) · Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics · doi:10.1108/apjml-04-2026-0895
Alhumud, A. A. (2026) · International Journal of Customer Relationship Marketing and Management · doi:10.4018/ijcrmm.418786
Nair, A. J., Manohar, S., & Rao, S. R. (2026) · Journal of Service Theory and Practice · doi:10.1108/jstp-10-2025-0420
From hedonic motivation to brand love: a serial moderated mediation model in premium pet branding
Sirichareechai, W., & Charutawephonnukoon, P. (2026) · Journal of Consumer Marketing · doi:10.1108/jcm-10-2025-8394
Mu’min, H., Anggraini, R., & Sam, T. H. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7292103
Poltanee, I. (2026) · Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics · doi:10.1108/apjml-01-2026-0055
A new pathway to explore visitors' experiential states in immersive digital exhibitions
Kang, J. (2026) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Horizons · doi:10.1108/jhth-02-2026-0026
Qin, Z., Li, P., & Spence, C. J. (2026) · Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research · doi:10.3390/jtaer21080275
“Engagement is defined as the degree of positive, brand‑related cognitive, emotional and behavioural activity when consumers interact with sustainable clothing platforms [35].”
Filieri, R., Rasty, F., Bazi, S., & Zheng, L. (2026) · Journal of Marketing Management · doi:10.1080/0267257x.2026.2712510
Durmaz, G., & Melewar, T. (2026) · De Gruyter eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783111478012-007
Social Media Influencer oder Friends & Family: Wem vertrauen Konsument:innen?
Murtagh-Boehm, D., Werner, M., Pezold, A., & Rennhak, C. H. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-51525-6_23
A consumer response to sustainability gamification: a parallel mediation model in e-banking services
Medetoğlu, B., Ata, S., & Ögel, İ. Y. (2026) · International Journal of Bank Marketing · doi:10.1108/ijbm-09-2025-0717
Digital Co-Creation and the Transformation of Customer Experience in Moroccan Hospitality
Lazrak, Y., Tissafi, A. E. I., Torkington, K., et al. (2026) · European journal of tourism, hospitality and recreation · doi:10.2478/ejthr-2026-0009
“Engagement goes beyond transactional exchanges, including participation, advocacy, and collaborative interaction (Hollebeek et al., 2014), thereby sustaining ongoing value creation beyond the initial service encounter.”
Chen, R., Huang, H., & Qiao, X. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16081417
“Hollebeek et al. (2014) also clarified in their study of consumer-brand interactions that emotion is one of the core dimensions of the user interaction experience and can be evoked by peripheral cues without deep cognitive processing.”
AI adoption and sales growth in MSMEs: The mediating role of customer engagement
Sudirjo, F. (2026) · Innovative Marketing · doi:10.21511/im.22(3).2026.14
“Empirical studies indicate that AI-driven personalization fosters higher engagement levels, which in turn enhance customer retention and revenue growth (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
Maji, S. G., & Goswami, P. N. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7311333
Zalva, F., Leliana, I., & Ningtyas, D. A. (2026) · Indonesian Journal of Innovation Multidisipliner Research · doi:10.69693/ijim.v4i3.2248
“Konsep multidimensional tersebut sejalan dengan pandangan customer engagement yang menempatkan pikiran, perasaan, dan tindakan sebagai bagian dari pengalaman interaksi yang saling berkaitan (Brodie et al., 2011; Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
Manurung, L., & Widodo, S. (2026) · Ilomata International Journal of Management · doi:10.61194/ijjm.v7i3.2144
“Social media, in particular, enables MSMEs to humanize their brands, engage customers through storytelling, and foster loyalty in niche segments that value local and artisanal products (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
Tian, M., Li, Z., & Song, S. (2026) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-03-2026-0474
Game On or Game Over? The Influence of In-Game Advertising on Consumer Engagement
Zagni, L. M., Pera, R., & Hollebeek, L. D. (2026) · Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/00913367.2026.2712518
Self-citationKaur, G., & Gupta, N. (2026) · ShodhPrabandhan Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.29121/shodhprabandhan.v3.i2.2026.130
Kader, M. A., Sadeq, A. H. M., Hossain, M. Z., et al. (2026) · Wisdom Management Journal · doi:10.64848/wmj.2.2.2026.76-94
Zhang, H., Gong, X., & Guan, Y. (2026) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2026.116498
Engaging Instagram content for sustainability: A framework from sustainable fashion brands
Bulmer, S., Dodds, S., Palakshappa, N., et al. (2026) · Journal of Marketing Communications · doi:10.1080/13527266.2026.2722322
ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AIRLINE SOCIAL MEDIA STRATEGIES IN DRIVING PASSENGER ENGAGEMENTPreprint
Heiets, I. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7353841
Sahoo, D., Zeba, F., & Chauhan, V. (2026) · International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences · doi:10.1108/ijqss-12-2025-0363
Ding, H., & Khan, N. R. (2026) · Journal of Creating Value · doi:10.1177/23949643261479968
Nguyen, M. D., & Long, N. T. H. (2026) · Tourism Recreation Research · doi:10.1080/02508281.2026.2714499
Unpacking Brand Fandom: Triadic Brand-Related Perceptions and Fan Behaviors
Lee, Y., & Kim, B. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16091529
“…and advocacy behaviors emerge as consumers transform the emotional and cognitive engagement they have formed with a brand into social practices (Hollebeek et al., 2014), and they contribute to the brand’s social visibility and reputation by disseminating brand value within individuals’ social…”
Yasin, M., Porcu, L., Liébana-Cabanillas, F. J., & Zarco, C. P. (2026) · Journal of Islamic marketing · doi:10.1108/jima-01-2023-0003
Han, L., & Zhang, X. (2026) · International Journal of Ethics and Systems · doi:10.1108/ijoes-04-2026-0314
Social media marketing and automobile purchase intentions: An integrated SOR–ELM framework
Kolapalli, S., Challa, V. N. S. K., & Rao, S. S. (2026) · SN Business & Economics · doi:10.1007/s43546-026-01387-z · Cited by 2
“…routes such as brand trust (Ebrahim 2020), others privilege affective routes such as attitude (Chetioui et al. 2020 ) or customer engagement (Hollebeek et al. 2014 )—but few test these routes simultaneously within one high-involvement category, leaving their relative contribution…”
InfluentialEquity, governance and the co-creation of value: an integrative framework and research agenda
Lima, A. A., Ramos, H. R., Ribeiro, T. D. L. S., et al. (2026) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Horizons · doi:10.1108/jhth-03-2026-0057
Obi-Okoye, S. O., & Nofal, R. (2026) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su18178925
Beura, D., Naveen, L., Khan, M. I., Tarofder, A., & Ibrahim, T. (2026) · Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management · doi:10.1108/jfmm-07-2025-0379
Strategic Role of Social Media in Enhancing Customer Engagement in Higher Education
Umiyati, H., Surahmat, A., Tribuana, D., et al. (2026) · MIX JURNAL ILMIAH MANAJEMEN · doi:10.22441/jurnal_mix.2026.v16i1.012
Anthropomorphic Chatbots and Customer Loyalty
Datta, G. L., & Verma, A. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-2600-0512-5.ch006
Tecnología, filosofía y comunicación en la era digital
Martín, K. G. (2026) · Street Art & Urban Creativity · doi:10.62161/sauc.v12.6398
García-Béjar, L., & Benavides, C. (2026) · Revista de Comunicación · doi:10.26441/rc25.2-2026-4595
Ahmad, S. A. B., Amin, M., Ahmad, F. S., et al. (2026) · Higher Education Policy · doi:10.1057/s41307-026-00475-x
Gastronomy as an engaging form of creative tourism enhanced by co-creation and nostalgia
Sharma, I., Lim, W. M., & Aggarwal, A. (2026) · Tourism Recreation Research · doi:10.1080/02508281.2026.2705473
Development and psychometric evaluation of the AI emotional engagement scale
Xu, J., Mao, M., Yao, Y., Wen, L., & Dai, Q. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1921527
The Impact of Social Media Marketing on Customer Brand Engagement among Jordanian Consumers
Alkhalailah, A. M. (2026) · Research journal in business and economics. · doi:10.61424/rjbe.v4i3.1021
“Hollebeek et al. (2014) defined consumer brand engagement as a positively valanced cognitive, emotional and behavioural process that consumers experience when interacting with a focal brand or during the process of their interaction with the brand.”
InfluentialDİNÇER, Ö., Buran, İ., Özer, M., Sabah, Ş., & Özer, A. (2026) · Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science · doi:10.1080/21639159.2026.2710772
“Consumer engagement is defined as a multidimensional construct encompassing cognitive, emotional, and behavioral activities that emerge through interactions between consumers and brands (Hollebeek et al., 2014).”
Liao, H., & Ding, J. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16091607
“Consumer–brand engagement research shows that following, commenting, sharing, and affective expression are not only communication feedback but also forms of relationship building and value co-creation (Brodie et al., 2013; Hollebeek et al., 2014; Leung et al., 2022).”
Experience design in virtual events: extending the digital experience economy
Jung, S., Shin, H. W., Yang, S., & Kim, S. (2026) · Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology · doi:10.1108/jhtt-10-2025-0963
Sathyanarayana, S., Pallavi, R. S., & Vijayalakshmi, S. (2026) · DHARANA - Bhavan s International Journal of Business · doi:10.18311/dbijb/v17_i1_2026_04
Kori’ah, Z., & Lestari, M. T. (2026) · Language, Technology, and Social Media. · doi:10.70211/ltsm.3026-7196.703
“Research on digitally mediated engagement shows that visible reactions capture only part of participation and that engagement may involve cognitive, affective, and relational dimensions as well as observable behavior [15], [16], [17], [18].”
InfluentialMubiru, P., & Goyal, P. (2026) · International Journal of Energy Sector Management · doi:10.1108/ijesm-11-2025-0055
Dinana, H. O., & Kolaly, H. E. (2026) · EuroMed Journal of Business · doi:10.1108/emjb-04-2026-0231
Can AI replace the stars? The effectiveness of celebrity avatars in emotional connections
Xue, J., Zhou, X., Liu, M. T., & Tian, A. D. (2026) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/ejm-12-2025-1096
Meng, K., & Chae, H. (2026) · Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science · doi:10.1080/21639159.2026.2723720
“Prior studies conceptualize engagement as consumers’ cognitive, emotional, and behavioral investment in brand-related interactions (Brodie et al., 2011; Hollebeek et al., 2014; van Doorn et al., 2010; Vivek et al., 2012).”
Marketing 5.0 in Emerging Markets: AI, Human Strategies, and Sustainability in Iraq
Hussein, H. A., & Al-Qaysi, B. J. (2026) · Academia Open · doi:10.21070/acopen.11.2026.14972
Jha, S., & Fali, I. M. (2023) · Qubahan EcoLead Journal · doi:10.48161/qelj.v2n4a9
Metadata
- Authors
- Hollebeek, L. D., Glynn, M. S., & Brodie, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Waikato (NZ)
- Auckland University of Technology (NZ)
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- Hollebeek, Linda D.
- Glynn, Mark S.
- Brodie, Roderick J.
- Venue
- Journal of Interactive Marketing
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 149-165
- ISSN
- 1094-9968 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6653
- OpenAlex
- W2061289966
- Cited by
- 3,276
- References
- 110
- Citations by year
- 2026: 392 · 2025: 370 · 2024: 349 · 2023: 398 · 2022: 363 · 2021: 334 · 2020: 316 · 2019: 259 · 2018: 196 · 2017: 159 · 2016: 92 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 7
- FWCI
- 323.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Journal of Interactive Marketing (publishedVersion)
- Tuwhera (Auckland University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Massey University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Digital Marketing and Social Media
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Marketing and Advertising Strategies
- Keywords
- brand engagement, social media, scale development, consumer-brand relationships, consumer involvement, self-brand connection, cognitive processes, affect, activation, nomological network
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-11, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-11 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
