Combination of institutional incentives for cooperative governance of risky commons
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Finding appropriate incentives to enforce collaborative efforts for governing the commons in risky situations is a long-lasting challenge. Previous works have demonstrated that both punishing free-riders and rewarding cooperators could be potential tools to reach this goal. Despite weak theoretical foundations, policy makers frequently impose a punishment-reward combination. Here, we consider the emergence of positive and negative incentives and analyze their simultaneous impact on sustaining risky commons. Importantly, we consider institutions with fixed and flexible incentives. We find that a local sanctioning scheme with pure reward is the optimal incentive strategy. It can drive the entire population toward a highly cooperative state in a broad range of parameters, independently of the type of institutions. We show that our finding is also valid for flexible incentives in the global sanctioning scheme, although the local arrangement works more effectively.
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“Second, agents' behaviors may be affected by noise (such as imitation error and behavioral mutation) in the process of social learning [37, 38, 47], which is usually ignored by previous theoretical models.”
From Conditional investment strategy in evolutionary trust games with repeated group interactions (2022) · cites this paper as [38]
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- Authors
- Sun, W., Liu, L., Chen, X., Szolnoki, A., & Vasconcelos, V. V.
- Affiliations
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (CN)
- Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science (HU)
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Xiaojie
- Venue
- iScience
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-08
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 102844
- ISSN
- 2589-0042 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8334382
- OpenAlex
- W3180739853
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 20.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- iScience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Repository of the Academy's Library (Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences) (acceptedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (61976048, 62036002)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Game Theory and Applications
- Keywords
- commons governance, cooperative behavior, institutional incentives, free-riding, sustainability of cooperation
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