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Cited by 62Language Development and DisordersChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentStuttering Research and Treatment

Age 31 Mental Health Outcomes of Childhood Language and Speech Disorders

Beitchman, Joseph H., Brownlie, E.B., Bao, Lin·2014·Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
DOI 10.1016/j.jaac.2014.07.006
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Abstract

Objective Language disorders are associated with emotional and behavioral problems in childhood and adolescence. Although clinical studies with small samples suggest that psychosocial difficulties continue into adulthood, adult mental health outcomes of childhood language disorders are not well known. The objective of this prospective longitudinal study is to determine whether the age 31 mental health outcomes of individuals who had childhood language disorders differ from the outcomes of typically developing controls.Method A 26-year cohort study followed up children with language or speech disorders from age 5 to age 31. The children were selected from a 1-in-3 random sample of 5-year-olds using a 3-stage screening and assessment process. A control group matched by sex, age, and classroom or school was also selected. Diagnoses were assigned with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview with the additional criterion that Global Assessment of Functioning scores indicated at least mild impairment. Dimensional psychosocial self-report measures were also administered.Results Rates of diagnosis at age 31 years were equivalent between participants who had childhood language disorders and controls, with and without multiple imputation to estimate missing outcomes. Differences in rates of affective and substance use disorders could not be ruled out because of attrition in the cohort with language disorders, who were less likely to participate at age 31. Psychosocial scores for both cohorts were in the normal range. The cohort with language disorders had poorer self-rated physical health than controls.Conclusion Mild/moderate language disorders may not have significant long-term mental health consequences in early adulthood.

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  • For mood disorders, two studies with comparable quality ratings reported disparate results: one reported increased risk of mood disorders amongst participants with deteriorated vocabulary performance over follow-up, while the other reported no difference between speech and language disorder participants and controls.

    “When the subset of mood disorders (i.e. depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder) was examined, two studies with comparable quality ratings reported disparate results. One reported an increased risk of mood disorders amongst participants with deteriorated vocabulary performance over follow-up (Armstrong et al. 2017), while the other reported no difference between SLD participants and”

    From Long-term effects of childhood speech and language disorders: A scoping review (2020) · cites this paper as Beitchman et al. 2014

  • Childhood speech and language disorders are associated with effects on day-to-day lives and can potentially have negative long-term personal development and opportunity effects.

    “ChildhoodSLDsare associated with effects on the day-to-day lives of individuals and can potentially havenegative long-term personal development and opportunity effects (Arkkila et al. 2009; Beitchman, Brownlie & Bao 2014; Clegg 2006).”

    From Long-term effects of childhood speech and language disorders: A scoping review (2020) · cites this paper as Beitchman, Brownlie & Bao 2014

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Authors
Beitchman, J. H., Brownlie, E. B., & Bao, L.
Affiliations
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
Corresponding author
Beitchman, Joseph H.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-10
Volume
53
Issue
10
Pages
1102-1110.e8
ISSN
0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.jaac.2014.07.006
OpenAlex
W2113086830
Cited by
62
References
53
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1
FWCI
10.95
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP84421)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Stuttering Research and Treatment
Keywords
language disorders in children, speech disorders, adult mental health, long-term outcomes, psychosocial functioning, mood disorders, substance use disorders, self-rated physical health, longitudinal cohort, early adulthood
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Mental Disorders, Canada, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Health Status, Humans, Language Development Disorders, Language Disorders, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Speech Disorders, Comorbidity, Young Adult

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