Early Childhood Mental Health Consultation: Results of a Statewide Random-Controlled Evaluation
Open accessAbstract
Objective Despite recent federal recommendations calling for increased funding for early childhood mental health consultation (ECMHC) as a means to decrease preschool expulsions, no randomized-controlled evaluations of this form of intervention have been reported in the scientific literature. This study is the first attempt to isolate the effects of ECMHC for enhancing classroom quality, decreasing teacher-rated behavior problems, and decreasing the likelihood of expulsion in targeted children in early childhood classrooms. Method The sample consisted of 176 target children (3-4 years old) and 88 preschool classrooms and teachers randomly assigned to receive ECMHC through Connecticut's statewide Early Childhood Consultation Partnership (ECCP) or waitlist control treatment. Before randomization, teachers selected 2 target children in each classroom whose behaviors most prompted the request for ECCP. Evaluation measurements were collected before and after treatment, and child behavior and social skills and overall quality of the childcare environment were assessed. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to evaluate the effectiveness of ECCP and to account for the nested structure of the study design. Results Children who received ECCP had significantly lower ratings of hyperactivity, restlessness, externalizing behaviors, problem behaviors, and total problems compared with children in the control group even after controlling for gender and pretest scores. No effects were found on likelihood of expulsion and quality of childcare environment. Conclusion ECCP resulted in significant decreases across several domains of teacher-rated externalizing and problem behaviors and is a viable and potentially cost-effective means for infusing mental health services into early childhood settings. Clinical and policy implications for ECMHC are discussed.
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Early childhood mental health consultation (ECMHC) has been found to significantly reduce hyperactivity, restlessness, externalizing behaviors, and problem behaviors in children under 6 years old.
“One intervention recently studied that may be used in pre-school settings is the early childhood mental health consultation (ECMHC), which has been found to significantly lower ratings of hyperactivity, restlessness, externalizing behaviors, and problem behaviors among children under 6 years old [41–44].”
From Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 among Children and College Students: A Systematic Review (2023) · cites this paper as [41]
ECMHC is effective and is used in child care centers, Head Start/Early Head Start centers, home visiting programs, primary care settings, elementary schools from kindergarten through third grade, and community outreach programs.
“Studies have shown that ECMHC is effective and being used across child care centers, Head Start/Early Head Start centers, home visiting programs, primary care settings, elementary schools (kindergarten through third grade), and community outreach programs [41, 45, 46, 48].”
From Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 among Children and College Students: A Systematic Review (2023) · cites this paper as [41]
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Who calls for help? Assessing the reach of the Ohio preschool expulsion prevention partnership
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- Authors
- Gilliam, W. S., Maupin, A. N., & Reyes, C. R.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Maupin, Angela N.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-09
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 754-761
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2466275575
- Cited by
- 98
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 26.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Keywords
- preschool expulsion, externalizing problems, hyperactivity, behavioral problems, classroom quality, childcare environment, Connecticut, cost-effectiveness
- MeSH terms
- School Teachers, Child Behavior Disorders, Child Health Services, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health Services, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Referral and Consultation, Schools
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