Parental Age and Offspring Psychopathology in the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort
Open accessAbstract
Objective Increasing evidence implicates advanced paternal age at offspring birth in neuropsychiatric disorders. Advanced maternal age has also been associated with schizophrenia and other neurodevelopmental disorders, whereas younger maternal age has been linked with behavioral disorders. Few studies have considered the specificity of the associations with respect to comorbidity. In addition, most prior studies have been conducted in clinical samples or registries that may reflect more severe forms of psychopathology. The aim of this research is to examine the independent and joint associations of maternal and paternal age with specific subtypes of psychopathology in offspring in a pediatric sample of adolescents with emergent psychiatric syndromes.Method A total of 8,725 youths (aged 8-21 years) from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort were included in the analyses. Logistic regression models with parental age predicting offspring psychopathology were adjusted for sociodemographic factors and comorbid disorders.Results We found that younger parental ages were generally associated with increased rates of offspring psychopathology. After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidity, both younger maternal and paternal ages were associated with behavior syndromes and psychosis in youth, whereas advanced paternal age was associated with pervasive developmental disorders/autism spectrum disorder (PDD/ASD).Conclusion These findings suggest that both younger and older parental age at birth are associated with specific forms of psychopathology in offspring. The persistence of the influence of parental age after control for demographic factors and an index of social environment suggests that additional explanations for these findings should be examined in future studies.
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Advanced maternal and paternal age are associated with increased risk of ASD in offspring.
“There is accumulating evidence of the relevance of older parental age in the etiology of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental conditions [43] including bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, substance use disorders, ADHD, and ASD [44].”
From The contribution of environmental exposure to the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (2019) · cites this paper as [43]
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The Association Between Age at First Live Birth and Depression: Results From NHANES 2005–2018
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- Authors
- Merikangas, A. K., Calkins, M. E., Bilker, W. B., Moore, T. M., Gur, R. C., & Gur, R. E.
- Affiliations
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Merikangas, Alison K.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-05
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 391-400
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5458772
- OpenAlex
- W2592684064
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 5.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (RC2MH089983, RC2MH089924, T32MH019112)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Keywords
- parental age, advanced paternal age, advanced maternal age, offspring psychopathology, psychosis, autism spectrum disorder, pervasive developmental disorders, Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, comorbidities, social environment
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Maternal Age, Parents, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Schizophrenia, Social Environment, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Logistic Models, Young Adult, Neurodevelopmental Disorders
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