The DOI matches its Crossref record; 43 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Aggressive Risk Factor Reduction Study for Atrial Fibrillation and Implications for the Outcome of Ablation
Open accessAbstract
Background The long-term outcome of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation demonstrates attrition. This outcome may be due to failure to attenuate the progressive substrate promoted by cardiovascular risk factors.Objectives The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of risk factor and weight management on AF ablation outcomes.Methods Of 281 consecutive patients undergoing AF ablation, 149 with a body mass index ≥27 kg/m(2) and ≥1 cardiac risk factor were offered risk factor management (RFM) according to American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology guidelines. After AF ablation, all 61 patients who opted for RFM and 88 control subjects were assessed every 3 to 6 months by clinic review and 7-day Holter monitoring. Changes in the Atrial Fibrillation Severity Scale scores were determined.Results There were no differences in baseline characteristics, number of procedures, or follow-up duration between the groups (p = NS). RFM resulted in greater reductions in weight (p = 0.002) and blood pressure (p = 0.006), and better glycemic control (p = 0.001) and lipid profiles (p = 0.01). At follow-up, AF frequency, duration, symptoms, and symptom severity decreased more in the RFM group compared with the control group (all p < 0.001). Single-procedure drug-unassisted arrhythmia-free survival was greater in RFM patients compared with control subjects (p < 0.001). Multiple-procedure arrhythmia-free survival was markedly better in RFM patients compared with control subjects (p < 0.001), with 16% and 42.4%, respectively, using antiarrhythmic drugs (p = 0.004). On multivariate analysis, type of AF (p < 0.001) and RFM (hazard ratio 4.8 [95% confidence interval: 2.04 to 11.4]; p < 0.001) were independent predictors of arrhythmia-free survival.Conclusions Aggressive RFM improved the long-term success of AF ablation. This study underscores the importance of therapy directed at the primary promoters of the AF substrate to facilitate rhythm control strategies.
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“Moderate or severe OSA (AHI ≥ 15) is reported in 20%–62%.330,704,706,710–715”
From International Consensus Statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2023) · cites this paper as [330]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“In studies, such as the ARREST-AF cohort study or the ACTIVE-AF trial, regular exercise programs exhibited a reduction in AF-related symptoms, AF incidence, and AF recurrence rates [76,77].”
From Atrial Fibrillation in Elite Athletes: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature (2024) · cites this paper as [76]
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“Other groups have studied the relationship between subjective (grade) or objective (volume/weight) tonsil evaluation and AHI and reported a trend toward significance328 or a significant association.318,329–334”
From International Consensus Statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2023) · cites this paper as [330]
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“Given the high incidence of AF after CTI ablation for typical AFL”
From European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) consensus document on the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, endorsed by Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and Sociedad Latinoamericana de Estimulacion Cardiaca y Electrofisiologia (SOLAECE) (2017) · cites this paper as [166]
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“Intensive weight-reduction management in addition to management of other cardiovascular risk factors (in the range of 10-15 kg weight loss achieved) led to fewer AF recurrences and symptoms compared with an approach based on general advice in obese patients with AF.”
From 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS (2016) · cites this paper as [203]
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Items 901–949 of 949
Kornej, J., Huang, Q., Preis, S. R., Lubitz, S. A., Ko, D., Murabito, J. M., Benjamin, E. J., & Trinquart, L. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.15071644
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Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: Can We Individualise Therapy or Should One Size Fit All?
Spath, N. B., Martin, R. I. R., Das, M., Gonna, H., Sanders, P., & Kadhim, K. (2025) · Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.31083/rcm43927
“…to identifying and treating sleep-disordered breathing when present, resulted in a near five-fold increase in the chances of maintaining sinus rhythm after multiple ablations (multivariable hazard ratio for risk factor modification = 4.8, 95% confidence interval: 2.04–11.4, p 0.001) [25].”
InfluentialSelf-citationWickbom, A., Fengsrud, E., & Ahlsson, A. (2026) · Interdisciplinary CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1093/icvts/ivag004
“28,29 In the original TEA case group, re-ablation was rarely utilized, and patients were equivalently subject to AV node ablation.”
Zou, Q., Chang, P., Jiang, C., Lin, P., Li, J., Yu, Y. R., Wei, Z., & Sun, S. (2026) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12872-025-05491-0
Onder, R., Geebelen, G., Scherrenberg, M., Dendale, P. D., Desteghe, L., Heidbüchel, H., & Vijgen, J. M. (2026) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2025.1717749
Elamir, A. A. K. M., Adam, Y. A. M., Abdel-Rahman, I. M., Elnosh, H. A. A., Mohammad, M. A. A., Ahmed, O., Ahmed, R. A. O., Ahmed, A. A., Ahmed, R. A. A., & Farah, A. F. A. (2026) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-025-01641-1
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Zulfiqar, M., Shah, S. R., Sajjad, A., Tahir, M., Awan, W. M., Yokolo, H., & Ahmed, M. (2026) · Journal of Arrhythmia · doi:10.1002/joa3.70309
“For AF patients, structured exercise programs, weight management, and alcohol reduction substantially decrease arrhythmia burden while improving overall cardiovascular outcomes, with aggressive risk factor modification enhancing ablation success rates [49].”
Klavebäck, S., Braunschweig, F., Lidin, M., & Svennberg, E. (2026) · JMIR Human Factors · doi:10.2196/preprints.95810
Sawada, M., Otsuka, N., Nagashima, K., Watanabe, R., Wakamatsu, Y., Hayashida, S., Hirata, S., Hirata, M., Kurokawa, S., & Okumura, Y. (2026) · Journal of Arrhythmia · doi:10.1002/joa3.70341
“The study also reported that intensive risk factor management, resulting in improved anthro-morphometric profiles, cardiac structure, and symptom scores, led to a higher freedom from arrhythmia recurrence [16].”
Williamson, T. M., Campbell, T. S., Seidel, S., King‐Shier, K. M., Wilton, S. B., Tomfohr‐Madsen, L. M., Aggarwal, S., Arena, R. A., & Rouleau, C. R. (2026) · Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/08964289.2026.2641456
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“[17, 27, 28] However, the benefits observed in these studies were achieved through intensive, multidisciplinary programmes rather than standard one-off outpatient consultations.”
Should emergency physicians be included in the atrial fibrillation heart team?
Djordjevic, J. Z., Yermak, K., & Djordjević, A. (2026) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2026.1801655
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“23,24,45 Tier 2: Probiotics and prebiotics Probiotics and prebiotics have been proposed as strategies to modulate gut microbiota composition and function.”
Islam, M. M., & Okere, A. N. (2026) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2026.113346
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Ramadan, A., Aglan, A., Salama, B., Abdalla, M., Fath, A., Frishman, W. H., & Aronow, W. S. (2026) · Cardiology in Review · doi:10.1097/crd.0000000000001322
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Mohsen, Y., Novikov, I., Sabareesan, S., Sakata, K., Knitter, M., Horlitz, H., Steffens, L., Horlitz, M., Antoun, I., & Stöckigt, F. (2026) · Journal of Arrhythmia · doi:10.1002/joa3.70410
“They interact with obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and epicardial or visceral adiposity, all of which may promote atrial stretch, fibrosis, conduction heterogeneity, and AF maintenance [18].”
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Thakur, U., & Kalman, J. M. (2026) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep093597
“The ARREST-AF cohort study evaluated structured risk factor management in 149 patients with AF and a body mass index above 27 kg/m 2 undergoing catheter ablation (Pathak et al., 2014).”
InfluentialSelf-citationCiaccio, E. J., Hsia, H. H., Talke, M., Schwartz, S. M., Garan, H., Yarmohammadi, H., Peters, N. S., Coromilas, J., & BIVIANO, A. B. (2026) · Heart Rhythm · doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2026.07.017
Beyond fixed BMI cutoffs after paroxysmal atrial fibrillation ablation
Huang, Y., Wang, H., Song, Y., Han, X., & Guo, L. (2026) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2026.107095
Ong, J. W. S., Middeldorp, M. E., Zulkifly, H. H., Moktar, N., Lip, G. Y. H., & Ching, C. K. (2026) · The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific · doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2026.101941
“20,22 Future efforts should prioritise integrated pathways linking primary care physicians, cardiologists, nurses, pharmacists, and allied health professionals, supported by consistent referral processes and bi-directional communication.”
Self-citationHejdukova, Z., Heřman, D., Hozman, M., Roubíček, T., Ranič, I., Havránek, Š., Dusík, M., Souza–Lopes, K., Chovančík, J., Veselá, J., et al. (2026) · JACC Advances · doi:10.1016/j.jacadv.2026.103109 · Cited by 2
2026 AHA/ACC Clinical Performance and Quality Measures for Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Benjamin, E. J., Marcus, G. M., Hess, P. L., Addison, D., Akar, J. G., Brownell, N. K., Chyou, J. Y., Derington, C. G., Diekemper, R. L., Frankel, D. S., et al. (2026) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2026.05.032
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Zakeri, R., Camilli, M., D’Elia, E., Hulot, J., Iacoviello, M., Sisti, N., Țica, O., Tokmakova, M. P., den Eynde, J. V., Weerts, J., et al. (2026) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1093/ejhf/xuag268
How does genetic susceptibility impact the effectiveness of AF ablation?
Mililis, P., Paraskevopoulou, D., Saplaouras, A., Kariki, O. K., Koskina, S., Archontakis, S., Dourvas, P., Milaras, N., Klogkeri, T., Letsas, Κ. P., et al. (2026) · Hellenic Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.hjc.2026.08.005
Metformin as an Adjunctive Therapy to Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation (META-AF)
Deshmukh, A., Shah, M. M., Kozlowski, P., Chakrabarti, A. K., Turin, A., Arps, K. E., Ghannam, M., Liang, J. J., Saeed, M., Cunnane, R. T., et al. (2026) · JACC. Clinical electrophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacep.2026.07.008
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea and Atrial Fibrillation: Current Evidence and Emerging Research Directions
Basiukiewicz, P., Chen, S., Mills, M. T., & Futyma, P. (2026) · Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.31083/rcm50804
“Further evidence supporting comprehensive lifestyle intervention was provided by the ARREST-AF trial, in which Pathak et al. (2014) [106] demonstrated improved outcomes – risk factor modification resulted in greater reductions in weight ( p = 0.002) blood pressure ( p = 0.006), better glycemic…”
InfluentialMatthews, Z. K., Soderstrom, M., & Kisling, A. J. (2026) · Cardiology and cardiovascular medicine. · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1016105
Semaglutide in Atrial Arrhythmias: State of the Art and Future Perspectives
Maggio, E., Trivigno, S., Mariani, M. V., Piro, A., Pierucci, N., Vernile, A., Vinciullo, S., Palombi, M., Vizza, C. D., & Lavalle, C. (2026) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm16100506
“Catheter ablation for AF has a higher failure rate in patients with obesity, whereas success rates improve when patients achieve goal-oriented weight reduction before ablation [53,54].”
Tiezzi, M., Valli, F., Mengozzi, A., Ferroni, L., Brasini, S., Capirossi, G., Gentileschi, P., & Tremoli, E. (2026) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines14102269
“It also leads to LA reverse remodeling, with reduced atrial volume and the regression of LA myopathy [94,96,100,101].”
Qi, Z., Xu, T., Yang, C., & Tan, L. (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1976969
Matteucci, A., Bonanni, M., Sgarra, L., Nesti, L., Mariani, M. V., Pierucci, N., Cersosimo, A., Pittorru, R., Nardi, F., & Colivicchi, F. (2026) · Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease · doi:10.3390/jcdd13100512
“The ARREST-AF cohort then showed that aggressive management of weight, blood pressure, glycaemia, lipids, sleep apnea, smoking, and alcohol was associated with substantially better long-term rhythm outcomes after ablation [46].”
Obesity and Atrial Fibrillation: Weighing the Evidence
Ha, F. J., Tang, J. Y., Khanna, S., Brown, A. J., Kotschet, E., & Nerlekar, N. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15208101
“A multicentre Australian trial provided the randomised confirmation of the earlier ARREST-AF cohort study [10], comparing a comprehensive LRFM clinic against usual care in 122 patients with elevated BMI and cardiometabolic risk factors undergoing first-time ablation, with continuous implantable…”
Chen, M., Soejima, K., Gunawardene, M., Kojodjojo, P., Liu, H., Liu, T., Miyazaki, S., Morishima, I., Sanders, P., Tse, H., et al. (2026) · Journal of Arrhythmia · doi:10.1002/joa3.70492
“Randomized trials comparing catheter ablation with AAD therapy have demonstrated superior improvements in QOL and symptom scores with ablation [10, 66, 67, 70–72].”
Self-citationChoi, E., Middeldorp, M. E., Ahn, H., Ariyaratnam, J., Elliott, A. D., Hung, C., Yu, H. T., Sharma, G., Wang, N., Yamaguchi, T., et al. (2026) · Journal of Arrhythmia · doi:10.1002/joa3.70490
“%) may not reduce the incidence of new-onset AF [80], effective glycaemic control is recommended as part of modifiable risk factor management in individuals with AF and T2D to reduce incidence, recurrence, and progression of AF [81, 82].”
Self-citationThe influence of lifestyle on the occurrence and course of arrhythmias
Sidnyaev, V., Shvedov, I., Gerbig, N., Veryaskina, A., & Svishcheva, M. (2026) · Vrach · doi:10.29296/25877305-2026-09-16
Managing Atrial Fibrillation in the Athlete: Practical Insights Beyond the Guidelines
Earle, W., Pico, M., Phan, F., Katapadi, A., & Darden, D. J. (2026) · Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11936-026-01165-y
“Supporting this, a trial demonstrated that aggressive lifestyle and risk-factor modification after AF ablation significantly reduced arrhythmia recur - rence [ 41 ].”
Transitioning towards life-cycle management and burden monitoring of atrial fibrillation
Poggio, A., Moretti, A., Cavallone, E., Juvenal, F., Carbonaro, A., Saglietto, A., Ferrari, G. M. D., Anselmino, M., & Ballatore, A. (2026) · Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy · doi:10.1080/14779072.2026.2751755
Li¹, X., Longhua, X., Yao, N., Liu, J., Sun¹, Y., & Yin¹, L. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10964047/v1
Metadata
- Authors
- Pathak, R. K., Middeldorp, M. E., Lau, D. H., Mehta, A. B., Mahajan, R., Twomey, D., Alasady, M., Hanley, L., Antic, N. A., McEvoy, R. D., Kalman, J. M., Abhayaratna, W. P., & Sanders, P.
- Affiliations
- Royal Adelaide Hospital (AU)
- Australian National University (AU)
- Flinders University (AU)
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Sanders, Prashanthan
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-12
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 2222-2231
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W140098974
- Semantic Scholar
- f4c9c27c3ab3730d2c2ca09e8648704e91ba7fde
- Cited by
- 949
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 57 · 2025: 85 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 73 · 2022: 81 · 2021: 107 · 2020: 97 · 2019: 80 · 2018: 70 · 2017: 92 · 2016: 79 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 52.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Flinders Academic Commons (Flinders University) (publishedVersion)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Flinders Academic Commons (Flinders University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- ResMed
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Keywords
- atrial fibrillation, catheter ablation, cardiovascular risk management, obesity, weight loss, blood pressure reduction, glycemic control, lipid profile, arrhythmia-free survival, atrial fibrillation substrate, antiarrhythmic drugs, atrial fibrillation recurrence
- MeSH terms
- Alcohol Drinking, Atrial Fibrillation, Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Life Style, Lipids, Male, Middle Aged, Recurrence, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Cohort Studies, Body Mass Index, Case-Control Studies, Smoking Cessation, Catheter Ablation, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, Dyslipidemias, Weight Reduction Programs
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